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Research Article
Numerical Approach to Appreciate the Interaction of Two Neighbouring Shallow Foundation on a Cohesive and Partially Cohesive Soil
Mbuh Moses Kuma
,
Nsahlai Leonard,
Penka Jules Bertrand,
Kouamou Nguessi Arnaud*,
Agandeh Elvis,
Phonchu Claret Abong
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, June 2024
Pages:
51-64
Received:
5 February 2024
Accepted:
26 February 2024
Published:
30 May 2024
Abstract: The program (cast3m) produced for us tables of values of stresses, displacements, images characterising stresses, displacements and deformations with their corresponding graphs. The results were presented as part of this study. It has been found that: two shallow closed foundations seriously affect the soil between them regardless of the soil type. Then, when the foundation is at same level in the different soil type and stress values are extracted in the zone of the cohesive soil (soft clay). A horizontal separation to width of foundation ratio was 0.7 and an influence equation was 0.333 if values of stresses are extracted from the partially cohesive soil (sandy clay). As per the vertical variation of the foundation in the different soil type. Independent of the soil type and the depth variation, a vertical separation to width of foundation ratio of 0.333 was observed. As the cohesion increases, the soil becomes denser which account for the high limit compressive stress compared to inferior values of cohesion. Finally, it is seen as a result of this research that the type of soil has a great rule to play as far as the interaction between two foundations is concern. An interaction led to failure when the foundation had a vertical gap between it that did not meet the above equation.
Abstract: The program (cast3m) produced for us tables of values of stresses, displacements, images characterising stresses, displacements and deformations with their corresponding graphs. The results were presented as part of this study. It has been found that: two shallow closed foundations seriously affect the soil between them regardless of the soil type....
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Research Article
Study on Excavation Stability of Loess Tunnel in Geological Weak Areas Exploring Excavation Stability of Loess Tunnels in Geologically Vulnerable Regions
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, June 2024
Pages:
65-71
Received:
1 May 2024
Accepted:
4 June 2024
Published:
6 June 2024
Abstract: As western development progresses, extensive infrastructure construction can be conducted in the Loess Region. During infrastructure construction, particularly in tunnel excavation, traversing through extensive loess formations poses a significant challenge. It is imperative to ensure the stability and integrity of the tunnel while crossing weak geological zones in loess regions. This issue should be comprehensively addressed during tunnel construction. Geological and numerical analyses were employed to analyze the impact of weak geological areas on loess tunnel excavation. These analyses focused on the mechanisms of weak geology and assessed the efficacy of advanced support measures in loess tunnel construction, specifically addressing the issues encountered within weak geological zones during the construction process. First, we examined the formation mechanism of weak geological zones in loess, which is primarily attributed to water infiltration. Subsequently, based on this formation mechanism, a finite difference numerical analysis was utilized to investigate the potential failure modes of loess tunnels passing through weak geological zones. The destruction of the tunnel in the weak geological zone resulted from sliding erosion of the surface soil, leading to the complete collapse of the soil above the tunnel. During tunneling through weak geological zones, The soil in front of the excavation initially exhibited instability, causing the overall subsidence of the entire weak band, with the formation of a trap on the surface. Finally, the effectiveness of treatment measures was assessed according to the failure pattern of the loess tunnel in the weak geological zone. The analysis results indicated that with the implementation of appropriate advanced reinforcement measures, successful crossing can be achieved during the construction of a loess tunnel traversing the weak geological zone.
Abstract: As western development progresses, extensive infrastructure construction can be conducted in the Loess Region. During infrastructure construction, particularly in tunnel excavation, traversing through extensive loess formations poses a significant challenge. It is imperative to ensure the stability and integrity of the tunnel while crossing weak ge...
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Research Article
A Review of the Advances in Artificial Intelligence in Transportation System Development
Derrick Mirindi*
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, June 2024
Pages:
72-83
Received:
7 May 2024
Accepted:
4 June 2024
Published:
6 June 2024
Abstract: In modern times, the rapid expansion of urban populations has intensified the urgency to optimize transportation systems, which has become an alarming issue in the face of urbanization and traffic congestion. This paper reviews the latest applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the transport sector. It explores various AI methodologies, including Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Genetic Algorithms (GA), Simulated Annealing (SA), Ant Colony Optimizer (ACO), Bee Colony Optimization (BCO), disruptive urban mobility, Fuzzy Logic Models (FLM), automated incident detection systems, and drones, which improve dynamic traffic management and route optimization. The study reveals that integrating these AI techniques with real-time data analytics improves traffic flow, automated incident management, and overall transportation efficiency. The results demonstrate that AI-driven systems, such as drones equipped with advanced sensors and AI algorithms, are increasingly capable of autonomous navigation, real-time monitoring, and predictive traffic management. These advancements in technologies, such as electric Vertical Take-off and Landing (eVTOL) aircraft, Hyperloop Transportation Technologies (HTT), Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) and autonomous delivery robots, contribute to smarter urban mobility solutions. However, it is important to focus on refining AI models for better performance, addressing challenges such as computational complexity and privacy concerns, and continuing to innovate in AI to improve the economic efficiency and reliability of transportation systems. Furthermore, to promote sustainability development in this sector, ethical considerations such as the protection of user information and the integration of the concepts of informed consent and human autonomy with community engagement programs should also be considered.
Abstract: In modern times, the rapid expansion of urban populations has intensified the urgency to optimize transportation systems, which has become an alarming issue in the face of urbanization and traffic congestion. This paper reviews the latest applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the transport sector. It explores various AI methodologies, inc...
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Research Article
Optimising Pavement Performance in Douala City Using a Mixture of Clay and Sand Fractions
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, June 2024
Pages:
84-97
Received:
12 May 2024
Accepted:
27 May 2024
Published:
21 June 2024
Abstract: Pavements are complex structures composed of multiple layers, designed to withstand various types of stress, including mechanical, organic, and climatic. The pavement is constantly subjected to cyclic, dynamic-mechanical actions caused by road traffic and different axle loads. Classified as engineering structures, the standard theoretical durability of this type of construction is generally estimated to be around one hundred years. However, this objective may not be achieved if the designer does not take into account certain specific factors that are endogenous and exogenous to the structure. Therefore, the durability of a road can be achieved through an optimized design that meets the needs defined by the public authorities and the context of its socio-economic framework. This passage discusses the factors that affect the performance of pavements, including soil type, machinery used, users, and climatic conditions. Exceeding axle loads, which form the basis of pavement design calculations, is also a disruptive factor from a civic perspective. A pavement consists of multiple layers, each made up of materials that must meet strict quality criteria and respect the anthropological, economic, social, and natural environment. It is important to consider all of these factors when constructing a pavement to ensure its longevity and avoid any negative impacts on the surrounding area. Additionally, it is crucial to maintain the pavement to prevent any loss of economic or infrastructural development opportunities. Several road infrastructures in urban and inter-urban areas experience issues that result from a combination of causes, each with varying degrees of impact. Douala is one such city where civil engineering projects are subject to an environment that is not conducive to the longevity of infrastructure, especially road infrastructure. The city is situated on a surface layer covered by a predominantly sandy-clay soil. This study aims to propose a proportional mixture of clay and sand soil fractions to create an anvil effect during compaction. The objective is to create a hybrid backfill material that can achieve a high compaction rate. Good compaction is crucial for achieving optimal pavement layer performance. The thickness of the material to be laid is greatly affected by this characteristic, which in turn affects the volume of equipment depreciation and user comfort. This has a significant impact on a wide range of socio-economic benefits. Based on soil mechanics and geotechnical tests, a new material is proposed to combat the early onset of disorders such as potholes, ruts, erosion, or pavement collapse in bad weather or heavy traffic.
Abstract: Pavements are complex structures composed of multiple layers, designed to withstand various types of stress, including mechanical, organic, and climatic. The pavement is constantly subjected to cyclic, dynamic-mechanical actions caused by road traffic and different axle loads. Classified as engineering structures, the standard theoretical durabilit...
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