Parturient Anemic: Epidemiology and Outcome of Pregnancy in Three Maternities of Brazzaville (Republic of Congo)

Itoua Clautaire; Ngaliba Olivia Firmine; Buambo Gauthier Régis Jostin; Ngami Ariane Glore; Mokoko Jules César; Ngakengni Neli Yvette; Eouani Max Lévy Eméry; Iloki Léon Hervé

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jgo.20190704.14

Parturient Anemic: Epidemiology and Outcome of Pregnancy in Three Maternities of Brazzaville (Republic of Congo)

Itoua Clautaire, Ngaliba Olivia Firmine, Buambo Gauthier Régis Jostin, Ngami Ariane Glore, Mokoko Jules César, Ngakengni Neli Yvette, Eouani Max Lévy Eméry, Iloki Léon Hervé

Published in Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics (Volume 7, Issue 4)

Received: 25 June 2019 Accepted: 18 July 2019 Published: 5 August 2019

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Abstract

Objective: Anemia during childbirth remains a concern for reproductive health personnel, both in terms of frequency and the risks involved in all periods of pregnancy and childbirth. This work aims to analyze the epidemiological profile of anemic parturient and the outcome of their pregnancy. Methods: A multicenter case-control study conducted from February 1st to July 31st, 2017, in three Brazzaville maternity clinics, comparing the ratio of one case for two controls, the anemic parturient (n = 67) to those without anemia (n = 134). Any parturient with a hemoglobin level < 11 g / dl was considered anemic. The variables studied were sociodemographic and reproductive, related to anemia, per and postpartum. Results: Sixty-seven anemic parturient were recorded among 10,106 deliveries, a frequency of 0.7%. Anemic female parturient were older (30.1 ± 1.6 years vs 27.5 ± 1.9 years, p < 0.05), out of school (OR = 13.1 [1.5-111], p < 0.05) and unemployed (OR = 3.8 [2.1-7.2], p < 0.05). The mean hemoglobin level was 8.1 ± 0.1g / dl vs 12.1 ± 0.8g / dl. Anemia was microcytic hypochromic (28.4%) and normochromic normocytic (71.6%). Anemia was mild (40.3%), moderate (44.7%) and severe (15%). Delivery was more by caesarean section in cases (97% vs 1.5%, p < 0.05) with a higher recourse to blood transfusion (55.4% vs 3.8%, OR = 29.9 [10.8-82.6], p < 0.05). Maternal lethality was 13-fold higher in case of anemia (OR = 13 [1.5-111], p < 0.05). Neonatal morbidity was represented by poor adaptation to extrauterine life (OR = 40.7 [9.1-180.7), p < 0.05), hypotrophy (OR = 21.9 [7.2-67.1], p < 0.05), prematurity (OR = 6.6 [2.6-16.9], p < 0.05), neonatal resuscitation (OR = 35.4 [10.2-122.5), p < 0.05) and neonatal transfer (OR = 2.8 [2-4], p < 0.05). Neonatal lethality was three times higher in case of anemia (OR = 3.3 [2.6-4.8], p < 0.05). Conclusion: Maternal and neonatal prognosis is poor in anemic female parturient. Reducing the maternal and fetal impact of anemia during childbirth requires early detection and case management during prenatal contact.

Published in	Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics (Volume 7, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.jgo.20190704.14
Page(s)	116-119
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Anemia, Childbirth, Epidemiology, Prognosis, Brazzaville

References

[1]	WHO, Haemoglobin Concentrations for the Diagnosis of Anaemia and Assessment of Severity, Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2011, http://www.who.int/vmnis/indicators/haemoglobin/en/.
[2]	WHO, Pregnancy, Childbirth and Prenatal Care, Essential Practice Guide, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2003, https://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/documents/924159084x/fr/.
[3]	National Center for Statistics and Economic Studies of Congo Brazzaville. Demographic and Health Survey 2011-2012, https://dhsprogram.com>pubs>pdf.
[4]	International Nutritional Anemia Consultative Group (INACG), Adjusting Hemoglobin Values in ProgramSurveys, International Nutritional Anemia Consultative Group (INACG), Washington, DC, USA, 2002, http://inacg.ilsi.org.
[5]	Grum T, Brhane E, Hintsa S, Kahsay G. Magnitude and factors associated with anemia among pregnant women attending antenatal care in public health centers in central zone of Tigray region, northern Ethiopia: a cross sectional study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2018; 18: 433.
[6]	Anlaakuu P, Anto F. Anaemia in pregnancy and associated factors: a cross sectional study of antenatal attendants at the Sunyani Municipal Hospital, Ghana. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10: 402.
[7]	Nguefack Chente C, Ngouadjeu Dongho Tsakeu E, Nguea AG, Njamen TN, Ekane GH, Belley Priso E. Prevalence and factors associated with anemia in pregnancy at Douala General Hospital. Pan Afr Med J 2016; 25: 133.
[8]	Takele WW, Tariku A, Shiferaw FW, Demsie A, Alemu WG, Anlay DZ. Anemia among Women Attending Antenatal Care at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2017. Anemia, vol. 2018, Article ID 7618959, 10 pages, 2018.
[9]	Ebuy Y, Alemayehu M, Mitiku M, Goba GK. Determinants of severe anemia among laboring mothers in Mekelle city public hospitals, Tigray region, Ethiopia. PloS ONE 2017; 12 (11): e0186724.
[10]	Ahenkorah B, Nsiah K, Baffoe P. Sociodemographic and Obstetric Characteristics of Anaemic Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic in Bolgatanga Regional Hospital. Scientifica, vol. 2016, Article ID 4687342, 8 pages, 2016.
[11]	Alemu T, Umeta M. Reproductive and Obstetric Factors Are Key Predictors of Maternal Anemia during Pregnancy in Ethiopia: Evidence from Demographic and Health Survey (2011). Anemia, vol. 2015, Article ID 649815, 9 pages, 2015.
[12]	Nair M, Choudhury MK, Choudhury SS and al. Association between maternal anemia and pregnancy outcomes: a cohort study in Assam, India. BMJ Global Health 2016; 1: e000026.
[13]	Patel A, Prakash AA, Das PK, Gupta S, Pusdekar YV, Hibberd PL. Maternal anemia and underweight as determinants of pregnancy outcomes: cohort study in eastern rural Maharashtra, India. BMJ Open 2018; 8: e021623.
[14]	El Guindi W, Pronost J, Carles G et al. Severe maternal anemias resulting from pregnancy. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod 2004; 33: 506-9.
[15]	Taner CE, Ekin A, Solmaz U et al. Prevalence and risk factors of anemia among pregnant women attending a high-volume tertiary care center for delivery. J Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc 2015; 16: 231-6.
[16]	French National College of Gynecologists and Obstetricians. Recommendation for clinical practice. Supplementation during pregnancy. Encycl. Med. Chir 1999 (Paris), 5-042-A-30: 5.

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Itoua Clautaire, Ngaliba Olivia Firmine, Buambo Gauthier Régis Jostin, Ngami Ariane Glore, Mokoko Jules César, et al. (2019). Parturient Anemic: Epidemiology and Outcome of Pregnancy in Three Maternities of Brazzaville (Republic of Congo). Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 7(4), 116-119. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jgo.20190704.14

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Itoua Clautaire; Ngaliba Olivia Firmine; Buambo Gauthier Régis Jostin; Ngami Ariane Glore; Mokoko Jules César, et al. Parturient Anemic: Epidemiology and Outcome of Pregnancy in Three Maternities of Brazzaville (Republic of Congo). J. Gynecol. Obstet. 2019, 7(4), 116-119. doi: 10.11648/j.jgo.20190704.14

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Itoua Clautaire, Ngaliba Olivia Firmine, Buambo Gauthier Régis Jostin, Ngami Ariane Glore, Mokoko Jules César, et al. Parturient Anemic: Epidemiology and Outcome of Pregnancy in Three Maternities of Brazzaville (Republic of Congo). J Gynecol Obstet. 2019;7(4):116-119. doi: 10.11648/j.jgo.20190704.14

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@article{10.11648/j.jgo.20190704.14,
  author = {Itoua Clautaire and Ngaliba Olivia Firmine and Buambo Gauthier Régis Jostin and Ngami Ariane Glore and Mokoko Jules César and Ngakengni Neli Yvette and Eouani Max Lévy Eméry and Iloki Léon Hervé},
  title = {Parturient Anemic: Epidemiology and Outcome of Pregnancy in Three Maternities of Brazzaville (Republic of Congo)},
  journal = {Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  pages = {116-119},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jgo.20190704.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jgo.20190704.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jgo.20190704.14},
  abstract = {Objective: Anemia during childbirth remains a concern for reproductive health personnel, both in terms of frequency and the risks involved in all periods of pregnancy and childbirth. This work aims to analyze the epidemiological profile of anemic parturient and the outcome of their pregnancy. Methods: A multicenter case-control study conducted from February 1st to July 31st, 2017, in three Brazzaville maternity clinics, comparing the ratio of one case for two controls, the anemic parturient (n = 67) to those without anemia (n = 134). Any parturient with a hemoglobin level < 11 g / dl was considered anemic. The variables studied were sociodemographic and reproductive, related to anemia, per and postpartum. Results: Sixty-seven anemic parturient were recorded among 10,106 deliveries, a frequency of 0.7%. Anemic female parturient were older (30.1 ± 1.6 years vs 27.5 ± 1.9 years, p < 0.05), out of school (OR = 13.1 [1.5-111], p < 0.05) and unemployed (OR = 3.8 [2.1-7.2], p < 0.05). The mean hemoglobin level was 8.1 ± 0.1g / dl vs 12.1 ± 0.8g / dl. Anemia was microcytic hypochromic (28.4%) and normochromic normocytic (71.6%). Anemia was mild (40.3%), moderate (44.7%) and severe (15%). Delivery was more by caesarean section in cases (97% vs 1.5%, p < 0.05) with a higher recourse to blood transfusion (55.4% vs 3.8%, OR = 29.9 [10.8-82.6], p < 0.05). Maternal lethality was 13-fold higher in case of anemia (OR = 13 [1.5-111], p < 0.05). Neonatal morbidity was represented by poor adaptation to extrauterine life (OR = 40.7 [9.1-180.7), p < 0.05), hypotrophy (OR = 21.9 [7.2-67.1], p < 0.05), prematurity (OR = 6.6 [2.6-16.9], p < 0.05), neonatal resuscitation (OR = 35.4 [10.2-122.5), p < 0.05) and neonatal transfer (OR = 2.8 [2-4], p < 0.05). Neonatal lethality was three times higher in case of anemia (OR = 3.3 [2.6-4.8], p < 0.05). Conclusion: Maternal and neonatal prognosis is poor in anemic female parturient. Reducing the maternal and fetal impact of anemia during childbirth requires early detection and case management during prenatal contact.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Parturient Anemic: Epidemiology and Outcome of Pregnancy in Three Maternities of Brazzaville (Republic of Congo)
AU  - Itoua Clautaire
AU  - Ngaliba Olivia Firmine
AU  - Buambo Gauthier Régis Jostin
AU  - Ngami Ariane Glore
AU  - Mokoko Jules César
AU  - Ngakengni Neli Yvette
AU  - Eouani Max Lévy Eméry
AU  - Iloki Léon Hervé
Y1  - 2019/08/05
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jgo.20190704.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.jgo.20190704.14
T2  - Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics
JF  - Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics
JO  - Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics
SP  - 116
EP  - 119
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-7820
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jgo.20190704.14
AB  - Objective: Anemia during childbirth remains a concern for reproductive health personnel, both in terms of frequency and the risks involved in all periods of pregnancy and childbirth. This work aims to analyze the epidemiological profile of anemic parturient and the outcome of their pregnancy. Methods: A multicenter case-control study conducted from February 1st to July 31st, 2017, in three Brazzaville maternity clinics, comparing the ratio of one case for two controls, the anemic parturient (n = 67) to those without anemia (n = 134). Any parturient with a hemoglobin level < 11 g / dl was considered anemic. The variables studied were sociodemographic and reproductive, related to anemia, per and postpartum. Results: Sixty-seven anemic parturient were recorded among 10,106 deliveries, a frequency of 0.7%. Anemic female parturient were older (30.1 ± 1.6 years vs 27.5 ± 1.9 years, p < 0.05), out of school (OR = 13.1 [1.5-111], p < 0.05) and unemployed (OR = 3.8 [2.1-7.2], p < 0.05). The mean hemoglobin level was 8.1 ± 0.1g / dl vs 12.1 ± 0.8g / dl. Anemia was microcytic hypochromic (28.4%) and normochromic normocytic (71.6%). Anemia was mild (40.3%), moderate (44.7%) and severe (15%). Delivery was more by caesarean section in cases (97% vs 1.5%, p < 0.05) with a higher recourse to blood transfusion (55.4% vs 3.8%, OR = 29.9 [10.8-82.6], p < 0.05). Maternal lethality was 13-fold higher in case of anemia (OR = 13 [1.5-111], p < 0.05). Neonatal morbidity was represented by poor adaptation to extrauterine life (OR = 40.7 [9.1-180.7), p < 0.05), hypotrophy (OR = 21.9 [7.2-67.1], p < 0.05), prematurity (OR = 6.6 [2.6-16.9], p < 0.05), neonatal resuscitation (OR = 35.4 [10.2-122.5), p < 0.05) and neonatal transfer (OR = 2.8 [2-4], p < 0.05). Neonatal lethality was three times higher in case of anemia (OR = 3.3 [2.6-4.8], p < 0.05). Conclusion: Maternal and neonatal prognosis is poor in anemic female parturient. Reducing the maternal and fetal impact of anemia during childbirth requires early detection and case management during prenatal contact.
VL  - 7
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Itoua Clautaire

Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Brazzaville University Hospital, Brazzaville, Congo
Ngaliba Olivia Firmine

Department of Clinical Hematology, University Hospital of Brazzaville, Brazzaville, Congo
Buambo Gauthier Régis Jostin

Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Brazzaville University Hospital, Brazzaville, Congo
Ngami Ariane Glore

Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Brazzaville University Hospital, Brazzaville, Congo
Mokoko Jules César

Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Brazzaville University Hospital, Brazzaville, Congo
Ngakengni Neli Yvette

Neonatology Department, Brazzaville University Hospital, Brazzaville, Congo
Eouani Max Lévy Eméry

Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Loandjili General Hospital, Pointe Noire, Congo
Iloki Léon Hervé

Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Brazzaville University Hospital, Brazzaville, Congo

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APA Style

Itoua Clautaire, Ngaliba Olivia Firmine, Buambo Gauthier Régis Jostin, Ngami Ariane Glore, Mokoko Jules César, et al. (2019). Parturient Anemic: Epidemiology and Outcome of Pregnancy in Three Maternities of Brazzaville (Republic of Congo). Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 7(4), 116-119. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jgo.20190704.14

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ACS Style

Itoua Clautaire; Ngaliba Olivia Firmine; Buambo Gauthier Régis Jostin; Ngami Ariane Glore; Mokoko Jules César, et al. Parturient Anemic: Epidemiology and Outcome of Pregnancy in Three Maternities of Brazzaville (Republic of Congo). J. Gynecol. Obstet. 2019, 7(4), 116-119. doi: 10.11648/j.jgo.20190704.14

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AMA Style

Itoua Clautaire, Ngaliba Olivia Firmine, Buambo Gauthier Régis Jostin, Ngami Ariane Glore, Mokoko Jules César, et al. Parturient Anemic: Epidemiology and Outcome of Pregnancy in Three Maternities of Brazzaville (Republic of Congo). J Gynecol Obstet. 2019;7(4):116-119. doi: 10.11648/j.jgo.20190704.14

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.jgo.20190704.14,
  author = {Itoua Clautaire and Ngaliba Olivia Firmine and Buambo Gauthier Régis Jostin and Ngami Ariane Glore and Mokoko Jules César and Ngakengni Neli Yvette and Eouani Max Lévy Eméry and Iloki Léon Hervé},
  title = {Parturient Anemic: Epidemiology and Outcome of Pregnancy in Three Maternities of Brazzaville (Republic of Congo)},
  journal = {Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  pages = {116-119},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jgo.20190704.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jgo.20190704.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jgo.20190704.14},
  abstract = {Objective: Anemia during childbirth remains a concern for reproductive health personnel, both in terms of frequency and the risks involved in all periods of pregnancy and childbirth. This work aims to analyze the epidemiological profile of anemic parturient and the outcome of their pregnancy. Methods: A multicenter case-control study conducted from February 1st to July 31st, 2017, in three Brazzaville maternity clinics, comparing the ratio of one case for two controls, the anemic parturient (n = 67) to those without anemia (n = 134). Any parturient with a hemoglobin level < 11 g / dl was considered anemic. The variables studied were sociodemographic and reproductive, related to anemia, per and postpartum. Results: Sixty-seven anemic parturient were recorded among 10,106 deliveries, a frequency of 0.7%. Anemic female parturient were older (30.1 ± 1.6 years vs 27.5 ± 1.9 years, p < 0.05), out of school (OR = 13.1 [1.5-111], p < 0.05) and unemployed (OR = 3.8 [2.1-7.2], p < 0.05). The mean hemoglobin level was 8.1 ± 0.1g / dl vs 12.1 ± 0.8g / dl. Anemia was microcytic hypochromic (28.4%) and normochromic normocytic (71.6%). Anemia was mild (40.3%), moderate (44.7%) and severe (15%). Delivery was more by caesarean section in cases (97% vs 1.5%, p < 0.05) with a higher recourse to blood transfusion (55.4% vs 3.8%, OR = 29.9 [10.8-82.6], p < 0.05). Maternal lethality was 13-fold higher in case of anemia (OR = 13 [1.5-111], p < 0.05). Neonatal morbidity was represented by poor adaptation to extrauterine life (OR = 40.7 [9.1-180.7), p < 0.05), hypotrophy (OR = 21.9 [7.2-67.1], p < 0.05), prematurity (OR = 6.6 [2.6-16.9], p < 0.05), neonatal resuscitation (OR = 35.4 [10.2-122.5), p < 0.05) and neonatal transfer (OR = 2.8 [2-4], p < 0.05). Neonatal lethality was three times higher in case of anemia (OR = 3.3 [2.6-4.8], p < 0.05). Conclusion: Maternal and neonatal prognosis is poor in anemic female parturient. Reducing the maternal and fetal impact of anemia during childbirth requires early detection and case management during prenatal contact.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Parturient Anemic: Epidemiology and Outcome of Pregnancy in Three Maternities of Brazzaville (Republic of Congo)
AU  - Itoua Clautaire
AU  - Ngaliba Olivia Firmine
AU  - Buambo Gauthier Régis Jostin
AU  - Ngami Ariane Glore
AU  - Mokoko Jules César
AU  - Ngakengni Neli Yvette
AU  - Eouani Max Lévy Eméry
AU  - Iloki Léon Hervé
Y1  - 2019/08/05
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jgo.20190704.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.jgo.20190704.14
T2  - Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics
JF  - Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics
JO  - Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics
SP  - 116
EP  - 119
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-7820
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jgo.20190704.14
AB  - Objective: Anemia during childbirth remains a concern for reproductive health personnel, both in terms of frequency and the risks involved in all periods of pregnancy and childbirth. This work aims to analyze the epidemiological profile of anemic parturient and the outcome of their pregnancy. Methods: A multicenter case-control study conducted from February 1st to July 31st, 2017, in three Brazzaville maternity clinics, comparing the ratio of one case for two controls, the anemic parturient (n = 67) to those without anemia (n = 134). Any parturient with a hemoglobin level < 11 g / dl was considered anemic. The variables studied were sociodemographic and reproductive, related to anemia, per and postpartum. Results: Sixty-seven anemic parturient were recorded among 10,106 deliveries, a frequency of 0.7%. Anemic female parturient were older (30.1 ± 1.6 years vs 27.5 ± 1.9 years, p < 0.05), out of school (OR = 13.1 [1.5-111], p < 0.05) and unemployed (OR = 3.8 [2.1-7.2], p < 0.05). The mean hemoglobin level was 8.1 ± 0.1g / dl vs 12.1 ± 0.8g / dl. Anemia was microcytic hypochromic (28.4%) and normochromic normocytic (71.6%). Anemia was mild (40.3%), moderate (44.7%) and severe (15%). Delivery was more by caesarean section in cases (97% vs 1.5%, p < 0.05) with a higher recourse to blood transfusion (55.4% vs 3.8%, OR = 29.9 [10.8-82.6], p < 0.05). Maternal lethality was 13-fold higher in case of anemia (OR = 13 [1.5-111], p < 0.05). Neonatal morbidity was represented by poor adaptation to extrauterine life (OR = 40.7 [9.1-180.7), p < 0.05), hypotrophy (OR = 21.9 [7.2-67.1], p < 0.05), prematurity (OR = 6.6 [2.6-16.9], p < 0.05), neonatal resuscitation (OR = 35.4 [10.2-122.5), p < 0.05) and neonatal transfer (OR = 2.8 [2-4], p < 0.05). Neonatal lethality was three times higher in case of anemia (OR = 3.3 [2.6-4.8], p < 0.05). Conclusion: Maternal and neonatal prognosis is poor in anemic female parturient. Reducing the maternal and fetal impact of anemia during childbirth requires early detection and case management during prenatal contact.
VL  - 7
IS  - 4
ER  -

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