Review on Role of Biosecurity in the Production of Safety and Quality Milk in Dairy Farms of Ethiopia

Tegegn Teshome; Seble Haile Maraim

doi:doi:10.11648/j.mls.20250101.11

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Review on Role of Biosecurity in the Production of Safety and Quality Milk in Dairy Farms of Ethiopia

Tegegn Teshome^*, Seble Haile Maraim

Published in Medicine and Life Sciences (Volume 1, Issue 1)

Received: 5 November 2025 Accepted: 13 November 2025 Published: 29 December 2025

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Abstract

Biosecurity in dairy farming encompasses a set of practical management and operational measures designed to prevent the introduction, establishment and spread of infectious diseases, toxins and other contaminants within and between farms. It aims to safeguard animal health, milk quality, and public health by creating a controlled environment where biological risks are minimized. Effective biosecurity involves proper farm design, controlled animal movement, disinfection procedures, pest and rodent management and the maintenance of hygienic milking and feeding practices. The well-being, nutrition and care of dairy animals such as cattle, buffalo, goats, and sheep directly determine the safety, composition, and market value of milk and other dairy products. When animals are stressed, malnourished, or poorly managed, they become more susceptible to diseases that can compromise productivity and contaminate milk with pathogens or residues. Likewise, unhygienic milking, storage, or transport practices increase the risk of spoilage and milk-borne infections, endangering consumer health. Globally, biosecurity is recognized as a cornerstone of the One Health framework, which emphasizes the interdependence of animal health, human health and environmental sustainability. However, in Ethiopia, the adoption of biosecurity measures remains limited due to smallholder production systems, inadequate veterinary support, lack of awareness and infrastructural constraints. Strengthening biosecurity practices through farmer education, extension services and policy enforcement is therefore essential. Enhanced biosecurity will not only improve animal welfare and milk quality but also ensure food safety, support sustainable livelihoods and boost the competitiveness of Ethiopia’s dairy sector in domestic and export markets.

Published in	Medicine and Life Sciences (Volume 1, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.mls.20250101.11
Page(s)	1-4
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Biosecurity, Dairy Farming, Milk Quality, Food Safety, Animal Health, Ethiopia, One Health, Smallholder Systems

References

[1]	Abera, K., Jilo, K., & Haile, D. (2022). Assessment of hygienic milk production and prevalence of bacterial contamination along the dairy value chain in Ethiopia.
[2]	Addis, H. L. (2023). Assessments of Raw Milk and Dairy Products Safety and Quality in Ethiopia. Journal of Indigenous Knowledge and Development Studies, 5(2).
[3]	Amenu, K. (2024). Biosecurity and Food Safety Concerns in Dairy Value Chains. ILRI Stakeholder Consultation.
[4]	FAO. (2021). Biosecurity for Dairy Farms: Practical Guidelines. Rome.
[5]	Feyisa, B. W., Haji, J., & Mirzabaev, A. (2024). Adoption of Milk Safety Practices: Evidence from Dairy Farmers in Ethiopia. Agriculture & Food Security, 13(25).
[6]	Gizaw, S., Desta, H., & Mekonnen, A. (2022). Biosecurity practices and constraints in smallholder dairy farms of Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 54(2).
[7]	Grace, D., Randolph, T., Affognon, H., Dramane, D., Diall, O., & Clausen, P. H. (2015). Characterisation and mitigation of risks to human health associated with dairy value chains in Africa. ILRI Research Report 44. Nairobi, Kenya: International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI).
[8]	Harun, M. H., Shimelis, S., & Andargie, B. (2022). Assessment of Biosecurity Status in Dairy Cow Farms. Bulletin of the National Research Centre, 46(152).
[9]	Mekonnen, K., Birhanu, A., & Chanie, M. (2019). Economic impact of mastitis in smallholder dairy farms in Ethiopia: Implications for control strategies. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 51(5), 1123–1132.
[10]	Moje, N., et al. (2023). Status of Animal Health Biosecurity Measures of Dairy Farms in Central Ethiopia. Frontiers in Veterinary Science.
[11]	Nyokabi, N. S., Berg, S., Mihret, A., Almaw, G., Worku, G. G., Lindahl, J. F., Wood, J. L. N., & Moore, H. L. (2023). Adoption of Biosecurity Practices in Smallholder Dairy Farms in Ethiopia. Hindawi.
[12]	Oliver, S. P., Murinda, S. E., & Jayarao, B. M. (2020). Impact of foodborne pathogens and antimicrobial resistance on the dairy industry. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease.
[13]	Radostits, O. M., Gay, C. C., Hinchcliff, K. W., & Constable, P. D. (2017). Veterinary Medicine: A textbook of the diseases of cattle, horses, sheep, pigs and goats (11th ed.). Elsevier.
[14]	World Health Organization (WHO). (2023). Food safety aspects of raw and unpasteurized milk: Risk assessment and management options. Rome: FAO/WHO.
[15]	World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE). 2021). Biosecurity procedures in animal production systems: Guidelines. Paris: OIE.

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Teshome, T., Maraim, S. H. (2025). Review on Role of Biosecurity in the Production of Safety and Quality Milk in Dairy Farms of Ethiopia. Medicine and Life Sciences, 1(1), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mls.20250101.11

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Teshome, T.; Maraim, S. H. Review on Role of Biosecurity in the Production of Safety and Quality Milk in Dairy Farms of Ethiopia. Med. Life Sci. 2025, 1(1), 1-4. doi: 10.11648/j.mls.20250101.11

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AMA Style

Teshome T, Maraim SH. Review on Role of Biosecurity in the Production of Safety and Quality Milk in Dairy Farms of Ethiopia. Med Life Sci. 2025;1(1):1-4. doi: 10.11648/j.mls.20250101.11

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@article{10.11648/j.mls.20250101.11,
  author = {Tegegn Teshome and Seble Haile Maraim},
  title = {Review on Role of Biosecurity in the Production of Safety and Quality Milk in Dairy Farms of Ethiopia},
  journal = {Medicine and Life Sciences},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-4},
  doi = {10.11648/j.mls.20250101.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mls.20250101.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.mls.20250101.11},
  abstract = {Biosecurity in dairy farming encompasses a set of practical management and operational measures designed to prevent the introduction, establishment and spread of infectious diseases, toxins and other contaminants within and between farms. It aims to safeguard animal health, milk quality, and public health by creating a controlled environment where biological risks are minimized. Effective biosecurity involves proper farm design, controlled animal movement, disinfection procedures, pest and rodent management and the maintenance of hygienic milking and feeding practices. The well-being, nutrition and care of dairy animals such as cattle, buffalo, goats, and sheep directly determine the safety, composition, and market value of milk and other dairy products. When animals are stressed, malnourished, or poorly managed, they become more susceptible to diseases that can compromise productivity and contaminate milk with pathogens or residues. Likewise, unhygienic milking, storage, or transport practices increase the risk of spoilage and milk-borne infections, endangering consumer health. Globally, biosecurity is recognized as a cornerstone of the One Health framework, which emphasizes the interdependence of animal health, human health and environmental sustainability. However, in Ethiopia, the adoption of biosecurity measures remains limited due to smallholder production systems, inadequate veterinary support, lack of awareness and infrastructural constraints. Strengthening biosecurity practices through farmer education, extension services and policy enforcement is therefore essential. Enhanced biosecurity will not only improve animal welfare and milk quality but also ensure food safety, support sustainable livelihoods and boost the competitiveness of Ethiopia’s dairy sector in domestic and export markets.},
 year = {2025}
}

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T1  - Review on Role of Biosecurity in the Production of Safety and Quality Milk in Dairy Farms of Ethiopia
AU  - Tegegn Teshome
AU  - Seble Haile Maraim
Y1  - 2025/12/29
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JO  - Medicine and Life Sciences
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PB  - Science Publishing Group
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AB  - Biosecurity in dairy farming encompasses a set of practical management and operational measures designed to prevent the introduction, establishment and spread of infectious diseases, toxins and other contaminants within and between farms. It aims to safeguard animal health, milk quality, and public health by creating a controlled environment where biological risks are minimized. Effective biosecurity involves proper farm design, controlled animal movement, disinfection procedures, pest and rodent management and the maintenance of hygienic milking and feeding practices. The well-being, nutrition and care of dairy animals such as cattle, buffalo, goats, and sheep directly determine the safety, composition, and market value of milk and other dairy products. When animals are stressed, malnourished, or poorly managed, they become more susceptible to diseases that can compromise productivity and contaminate milk with pathogens or residues. Likewise, unhygienic milking, storage, or transport practices increase the risk of spoilage and milk-borne infections, endangering consumer health. Globally, biosecurity is recognized as a cornerstone of the One Health framework, which emphasizes the interdependence of animal health, human health and environmental sustainability. However, in Ethiopia, the adoption of biosecurity measures remains limited due to smallholder production systems, inadequate veterinary support, lack of awareness and infrastructural constraints. Strengthening biosecurity practices through farmer education, extension services and policy enforcement is therefore essential. Enhanced biosecurity will not only improve animal welfare and milk quality but also ensure food safety, support sustainable livelihoods and boost the competitiveness of Ethiopia’s dairy sector in domestic and export markets.
VL  - 1
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Author Information

Tegegn Teshome

Ethiopian Agricultural Authority department of Milk and Honey Health Safety Quality Regulatory, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

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Seble Haile Maraim

Ethiopian Agricultural Authority department of Milk and Honey Health Safety Quality Regulatory, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Teshome, T., Maraim, S. H. (2025). Review on Role of Biosecurity in the Production of Safety and Quality Milk in Dairy Farms of Ethiopia. Medicine and Life Sciences, 1(1), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mls.20250101.11

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ACS Style

Teshome, T.; Maraim, S. H. Review on Role of Biosecurity in the Production of Safety and Quality Milk in Dairy Farms of Ethiopia. Med. Life Sci. 2025, 1(1), 1-4. doi: 10.11648/j.mls.20250101.11

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AMA Style

Teshome T, Maraim SH. Review on Role of Biosecurity in the Production of Safety and Quality Milk in Dairy Farms of Ethiopia. Med Life Sci. 2025;1(1):1-4. doi: 10.11648/j.mls.20250101.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.mls.20250101.11,
  author = {Tegegn Teshome and Seble Haile Maraim},
  title = {Review on Role of Biosecurity in the Production of Safety and Quality Milk in Dairy Farms of Ethiopia},
  journal = {Medicine and Life Sciences},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-4},
  doi = {10.11648/j.mls.20250101.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mls.20250101.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.mls.20250101.11},
  abstract = {Biosecurity in dairy farming encompasses a set of practical management and operational measures designed to prevent the introduction, establishment and spread of infectious diseases, toxins and other contaminants within and between farms. It aims to safeguard animal health, milk quality, and public health by creating a controlled environment where biological risks are minimized. Effective biosecurity involves proper farm design, controlled animal movement, disinfection procedures, pest and rodent management and the maintenance of hygienic milking and feeding practices. The well-being, nutrition and care of dairy animals such as cattle, buffalo, goats, and sheep directly determine the safety, composition, and market value of milk and other dairy products. When animals are stressed, malnourished, or poorly managed, they become more susceptible to diseases that can compromise productivity and contaminate milk with pathogens or residues. Likewise, unhygienic milking, storage, or transport practices increase the risk of spoilage and milk-borne infections, endangering consumer health. Globally, biosecurity is recognized as a cornerstone of the One Health framework, which emphasizes the interdependence of animal health, human health and environmental sustainability. However, in Ethiopia, the adoption of biosecurity measures remains limited due to smallholder production systems, inadequate veterinary support, lack of awareness and infrastructural constraints. Strengthening biosecurity practices through farmer education, extension services and policy enforcement is therefore essential. Enhanced biosecurity will not only improve animal welfare and milk quality but also ensure food safety, support sustainable livelihoods and boost the competitiveness of Ethiopia’s dairy sector in domestic and export markets.},
 year = {2025}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Review on Role of Biosecurity in the Production of Safety and Quality Milk in Dairy Farms of Ethiopia
AU  - Tegegn Teshome
AU  - Seble Haile Maraim
Y1  - 2025/12/29
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mls.20250101.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.mls.20250101.11
T2  - Medicine and Life Sciences
JF  - Medicine and Life Sciences
JO  - Medicine and Life Sciences
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
PB  - Science Publishing Group
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mls.20250101.11
AB  - Biosecurity in dairy farming encompasses a set of practical management and operational measures designed to prevent the introduction, establishment and spread of infectious diseases, toxins and other contaminants within and between farms. It aims to safeguard animal health, milk quality, and public health by creating a controlled environment where biological risks are minimized. Effective biosecurity involves proper farm design, controlled animal movement, disinfection procedures, pest and rodent management and the maintenance of hygienic milking and feeding practices. The well-being, nutrition and care of dairy animals such as cattle, buffalo, goats, and sheep directly determine the safety, composition, and market value of milk and other dairy products. When animals are stressed, malnourished, or poorly managed, they become more susceptible to diseases that can compromise productivity and contaminate milk with pathogens or residues. Likewise, unhygienic milking, storage, or transport practices increase the risk of spoilage and milk-borne infections, endangering consumer health. Globally, biosecurity is recognized as a cornerstone of the One Health framework, which emphasizes the interdependence of animal health, human health and environmental sustainability. However, in Ethiopia, the adoption of biosecurity measures remains limited due to smallholder production systems, inadequate veterinary support, lack of awareness and infrastructural constraints. Strengthening biosecurity practices through farmer education, extension services and policy enforcement is therefore essential. Enhanced biosecurity will not only improve animal welfare and milk quality but also ensure food safety, support sustainable livelihoods and boost the competitiveness of Ethiopia’s dairy sector in domestic and export markets.
VL  - 1
IS  - 1
ER  -

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