Biocompatibility of Carbon Nanoparticles in HeLa Cells is Dictated by Synthesis and Sterilization Procedures

Elisa Panzarini; Cristian Vergallo; Stefania Mariano; Luciana Dini

doi:doi:10.11648/j.nsnm.20160201.11

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Biocompatibility of Carbon Nanoparticles in HeLa Cells is Dictated by Synthesis and Sterilization Procedures

Elisa Panzarini, Cristian Vergallo, Stefania Mariano, Luciana Dini

Published in Nanoscience and Nanometrology (Volume 2, Issue 1)

Received: 26 August 2015 Accepted: 9 September 2015 Published: 14 October 2015

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Abstract

Due to their unique chemical and physical properties, carbon-based NanoMaterials (C-NMs) are largely exploited in biomedicine, i.e., cell and tissue imaging, drug delivery and tissue engineering scaffold, even if reports regarding their toxicity are still conflicting. In fact, biological effects strictly depend on the dynamic physicochemical characteristics of C-NMs, which in turn are strongly influenced by the procedures of their synthesis, and nanometrological techniques, e.g., Electron Microscopy (EM)-based analysis, are becoming the main tool for researchers to characterize nanoproducts. The aim of the present work is the study of the influence of synthesis and sterilization protocols on the size, shape, stability and biocompatibility of carbon NanoParticles (C-NPs). C-NPs were synthesized by using graphite as bulk material through an electrochemical method applying a constant voltage of 30 V and different times of synthesis. The C-NPs solution was sterilized by adopting different sterilization protocols during and/or after the synthesis. Size, shape and stability were studied by TEM and spectroscopy, while biocompatibility was tested in HeLa cells. Synthesis and sterilization procedures did not influence size, shape and stability of C-NPs, but interfered with C-NPs biocompatibility. In fact, irrespective of time of electrolysis process, the NPs show spherical shape with an average diameter of 7 nm. UV-visible spectra show typical peak of carbonaceous materials that falls at 236 nm without aggregation and sedimentation. However, when NPs obtained at 90 min of synthesis were twice autoclaved the peak shifted to 257 nm. HeLa cells were incubated with different C-NPs solutions administered at different concentrations, ranging from 8×10⁵ to 1.6×10⁷ C-NPs/cell, for different times (4, 24 and 48h). Cell viability was C-NPs concentration- and time of culture-dependent; interestingly, also the time of electrolysis process used during particles synthesis and procedures adopted to sterilize C-NPs solutions largely influenced cells response.

Published in	Nanoscience and Nanometrology (Volume 2, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.nsnm.20160201.11
Page(s)	1-7
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Carbon Nanoparticles, Biocompatibility, Synthesis Parameters, Sterilization Procedures

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APA Style

Elisa Panzarini, Cristian Vergallo, Stefania Mariano, Luciana Dini. (2015). Biocompatibility of Carbon Nanoparticles in HeLa Cells is Dictated by Synthesis and Sterilization Procedures. Nanoscience and Nanometrology, 2(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.nsnm.20160201.11

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ACS Style

Elisa Panzarini; Cristian Vergallo; Stefania Mariano; Luciana Dini. Biocompatibility of Carbon Nanoparticles in HeLa Cells is Dictated by Synthesis and Sterilization Procedures. Nanosci. Nanometrol. 2015, 2(1), 1-7. doi: 10.11648/j.nsnm.20160201.11

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AMA Style

Elisa Panzarini, Cristian Vergallo, Stefania Mariano, Luciana Dini. Biocompatibility of Carbon Nanoparticles in HeLa Cells is Dictated by Synthesis and Sterilization Procedures. Nanosci Nanometrol. 2015;2(1):1-7. doi: 10.11648/j.nsnm.20160201.11

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@article{10.11648/j.nsnm.20160201.11,
  author = {Elisa Panzarini and Cristian Vergallo and Stefania Mariano and Luciana Dini},
  title = {Biocompatibility of Carbon Nanoparticles in HeLa Cells is Dictated by Synthesis and Sterilization Procedures},
  journal = {Nanoscience and Nanometrology},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-7},
  doi = {10.11648/j.nsnm.20160201.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.nsnm.20160201.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.nsnm.20160201.11},
  abstract = {Due to their unique chemical and physical properties, carbon-based NanoMaterials (C-NMs) are largely exploited in biomedicine, i.e., cell and tissue imaging, drug delivery and tissue engineering scaffold, even if reports regarding their toxicity are still conflicting. In fact, biological effects strictly depend on the dynamic physicochemical characteristics of C-NMs, which in turn are strongly influenced by the procedures of their synthesis, and nanometrological techniques, e.g., Electron Microscopy (EM)-based analysis, are becoming the main tool for researchers to characterize nanoproducts. The aim of the present work is the study of the influence of synthesis and sterilization protocols on the size, shape, stability and biocompatibility of carbon NanoParticles (C-NPs). C-NPs were synthesized by using graphite as bulk material through an electrochemical method applying a constant voltage of 30 V and different times of synthesis. The C-NPs solution was sterilized by adopting different sterilization protocols during and/or after the synthesis. Size, shape and stability were studied by TEM and spectroscopy, while biocompatibility was tested in HeLa cells. Synthesis and sterilization procedures did not influence size, shape and stability of C-NPs, but interfered with C-NPs biocompatibility. In fact, irrespective of time of electrolysis process, the NPs show spherical shape with an average diameter of 7 nm. UV-visible spectra show typical peak of carbonaceous materials that falls at 236 nm without aggregation and sedimentation. However, when NPs obtained at 90 min of synthesis were twice autoclaved the peak shifted to 257 nm. HeLa cells were incubated with different C-NPs solutions administered at different concentrations, ranging from 8×105 to 1.6×107 C-NPs/cell, for different times (4, 24 and 48h). Cell viability was C-NPs concentration- and time of culture-dependent; interestingly, also the time of electrolysis process used during particles synthesis and procedures adopted to sterilize C-NPs solutions largely influenced cells response.},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Biocompatibility of Carbon Nanoparticles in HeLa Cells is Dictated by Synthesis and Sterilization Procedures
AU  - Elisa Panzarini
AU  - Cristian Vergallo
AU  - Stefania Mariano
AU  - Luciana Dini
Y1  - 2015/10/14
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.nsnm.20160201.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.nsnm.20160201.11
T2  - Nanoscience and Nanometrology
JF  - Nanoscience and Nanometrology
JO  - Nanoscience and Nanometrology
SP  - 1
EP  - 7
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2472-3630
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.nsnm.20160201.11
AB  - Due to their unique chemical and physical properties, carbon-based NanoMaterials (C-NMs) are largely exploited in biomedicine, i.e., cell and tissue imaging, drug delivery and tissue engineering scaffold, even if reports regarding their toxicity are still conflicting. In fact, biological effects strictly depend on the dynamic physicochemical characteristics of C-NMs, which in turn are strongly influenced by the procedures of their synthesis, and nanometrological techniques, e.g., Electron Microscopy (EM)-based analysis, are becoming the main tool for researchers to characterize nanoproducts. The aim of the present work is the study of the influence of synthesis and sterilization protocols on the size, shape, stability and biocompatibility of carbon NanoParticles (C-NPs). C-NPs were synthesized by using graphite as bulk material through an electrochemical method applying a constant voltage of 30 V and different times of synthesis. The C-NPs solution was sterilized by adopting different sterilization protocols during and/or after the synthesis. Size, shape and stability were studied by TEM and spectroscopy, while biocompatibility was tested in HeLa cells. Synthesis and sterilization procedures did not influence size, shape and stability of C-NPs, but interfered with C-NPs biocompatibility. In fact, irrespective of time of electrolysis process, the NPs show spherical shape with an average diameter of 7 nm. UV-visible spectra show typical peak of carbonaceous materials that falls at 236 nm without aggregation and sedimentation. However, when NPs obtained at 90 min of synthesis were twice autoclaved the peak shifted to 257 nm. HeLa cells were incubated with different C-NPs solutions administered at different concentrations, ranging from 8×105 to 1.6×107 C-NPs/cell, for different times (4, 24 and 48h). Cell viability was C-NPs concentration- and time of culture-dependent; interestingly, also the time of electrolysis process used during particles synthesis and procedures adopted to sterilize C-NPs solutions largely influenced cells response.
VL  - 2
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Elisa Panzarini

Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
Cristian Vergallo

Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
Stefania Mariano

Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
Luciana Dini

Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy

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APA Style

Elisa Panzarini, Cristian Vergallo, Stefania Mariano, Luciana Dini. (2015). Biocompatibility of Carbon Nanoparticles in HeLa Cells is Dictated by Synthesis and Sterilization Procedures. Nanoscience and Nanometrology, 2(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.nsnm.20160201.11

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ACS Style

Elisa Panzarini; Cristian Vergallo; Stefania Mariano; Luciana Dini. Biocompatibility of Carbon Nanoparticles in HeLa Cells is Dictated by Synthesis and Sterilization Procedures. Nanosci. Nanometrol. 2015, 2(1), 1-7. doi: 10.11648/j.nsnm.20160201.11

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AMA Style

Elisa Panzarini, Cristian Vergallo, Stefania Mariano, Luciana Dini. Biocompatibility of Carbon Nanoparticles in HeLa Cells is Dictated by Synthesis and Sterilization Procedures. Nanosci Nanometrol. 2015;2(1):1-7. doi: 10.11648/j.nsnm.20160201.11

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@article{10.11648/j.nsnm.20160201.11,
  author = {Elisa Panzarini and Cristian Vergallo and Stefania Mariano and Luciana Dini},
  title = {Biocompatibility of Carbon Nanoparticles in HeLa Cells is Dictated by Synthesis and Sterilization Procedures},
  journal = {Nanoscience and Nanometrology},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-7},
  doi = {10.11648/j.nsnm.20160201.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.nsnm.20160201.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.nsnm.20160201.11},
  abstract = {Due to their unique chemical and physical properties, carbon-based NanoMaterials (C-NMs) are largely exploited in biomedicine, i.e., cell and tissue imaging, drug delivery and tissue engineering scaffold, even if reports regarding their toxicity are still conflicting. In fact, biological effects strictly depend on the dynamic physicochemical characteristics of C-NMs, which in turn are strongly influenced by the procedures of their synthesis, and nanometrological techniques, e.g., Electron Microscopy (EM)-based analysis, are becoming the main tool for researchers to characterize nanoproducts. The aim of the present work is the study of the influence of synthesis and sterilization protocols on the size, shape, stability and biocompatibility of carbon NanoParticles (C-NPs). C-NPs were synthesized by using graphite as bulk material through an electrochemical method applying a constant voltage of 30 V and different times of synthesis. The C-NPs solution was sterilized by adopting different sterilization protocols during and/or after the synthesis. Size, shape and stability were studied by TEM and spectroscopy, while biocompatibility was tested in HeLa cells. Synthesis and sterilization procedures did not influence size, shape and stability of C-NPs, but interfered with C-NPs biocompatibility. In fact, irrespective of time of electrolysis process, the NPs show spherical shape with an average diameter of 7 nm. UV-visible spectra show typical peak of carbonaceous materials that falls at 236 nm without aggregation and sedimentation. However, when NPs obtained at 90 min of synthesis were twice autoclaved the peak shifted to 257 nm. HeLa cells were incubated with different C-NPs solutions administered at different concentrations, ranging from 8×105 to 1.6×107 C-NPs/cell, for different times (4, 24 and 48h). Cell viability was C-NPs concentration- and time of culture-dependent; interestingly, also the time of electrolysis process used during particles synthesis and procedures adopted to sterilize C-NPs solutions largely influenced cells response.},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Biocompatibility of Carbon Nanoparticles in HeLa Cells is Dictated by Synthesis and Sterilization Procedures
AU  - Elisa Panzarini
AU  - Cristian Vergallo
AU  - Stefania Mariano
AU  - Luciana Dini
Y1  - 2015/10/14
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.nsnm.20160201.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.nsnm.20160201.11
T2  - Nanoscience and Nanometrology
JF  - Nanoscience and Nanometrology
JO  - Nanoscience and Nanometrology
SP  - 1
EP  - 7
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2472-3630
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.nsnm.20160201.11
AB  - Due to their unique chemical and physical properties, carbon-based NanoMaterials (C-NMs) are largely exploited in biomedicine, i.e., cell and tissue imaging, drug delivery and tissue engineering scaffold, even if reports regarding their toxicity are still conflicting. In fact, biological effects strictly depend on the dynamic physicochemical characteristics of C-NMs, which in turn are strongly influenced by the procedures of their synthesis, and nanometrological techniques, e.g., Electron Microscopy (EM)-based analysis, are becoming the main tool for researchers to characterize nanoproducts. The aim of the present work is the study of the influence of synthesis and sterilization protocols on the size, shape, stability and biocompatibility of carbon NanoParticles (C-NPs). C-NPs were synthesized by using graphite as bulk material through an electrochemical method applying a constant voltage of 30 V and different times of synthesis. The C-NPs solution was sterilized by adopting different sterilization protocols during and/or after the synthesis. Size, shape and stability were studied by TEM and spectroscopy, while biocompatibility was tested in HeLa cells. Synthesis and sterilization procedures did not influence size, shape and stability of C-NPs, but interfered with C-NPs biocompatibility. In fact, irrespective of time of electrolysis process, the NPs show spherical shape with an average diameter of 7 nm. UV-visible spectra show typical peak of carbonaceous materials that falls at 236 nm without aggregation and sedimentation. However, when NPs obtained at 90 min of synthesis were twice autoclaved the peak shifted to 257 nm. HeLa cells were incubated with different C-NPs solutions administered at different concentrations, ranging from 8×105 to 1.6×107 C-NPs/cell, for different times (4, 24 and 48h). Cell viability was C-NPs concentration- and time of culture-dependent; interestingly, also the time of electrolysis process used during particles synthesis and procedures adopted to sterilize C-NPs solutions largely influenced cells response.
VL  - 2
IS  - 1
ER  -

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