| Peer-Reviewed

Effects of Damp-Heat into Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Solar Modules in Benin (Tropical Area)

Received: 24 July 2020    Accepted: 10 August 2020    Published: 10 November 2022
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

During their outdoor service, photovoltaic (PV) modules are exposed to different set of environmental conditions that can affect their performance such as Damp-Heat. But theses external conditions varied from one area to another. This work aims to highlight the impact of environmental conditions on the performance of crystalline silicon photovoltaic solar modules exposed in the tropical environment which is a hot and humid area. We have firstly studied the degradation of the solar photovoltaic module under the effect of moisture and the heat by using the analytical models of Erying, Peck and Laplace transformed. Then we have compared these models to the experimental Damp Heat model of Hulkoff. We finally verified the impact of the environmental conditions of the tropical environment on the photovoltaic modules by simulating their behavior over time under real conditions using the relative humidity and average temperature data of the synoptic stations of Benin. The theoretical results obtained, compared to those obtained by Hulkoff in experiments showed firstly a reduction of about 3% in the electrical performance of photovoltaic solar modules over period and a loss of performance of PV modules ranging from 0.19% to 0.5% per year. The PV module performance degradation rates over the study period correlate with those found in the literature on different systems installed in various regions of the world. So, future researches on crystalline silicon photovoltaic solar module can be effect of Damp-Heat on its electrical parameters in tropical area.

Published in Science Journal of Energy Engineering (Volume 10, Issue 3)
DOI 10.11648/j.sjee.20221003.11
Page(s) 24-34
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Environmental Conditions, Performance, Module, Damp-Heat, Electrical Power

References
[1] Boussaid M., (2012). Modélisation des phénomènes de vieillissement des modules photovoltaïques. Mémoire de Magister, Universite Abou-Bakr Belkaïd-Tlemcen.
[2] Doumane R. (2011), Modélisation du vieillissement du module photovoltaïque, Mémoire de Magister, Université M’hamed BOUGARA, Boumerdes.
[3] Quintana M. A. et al., (2002). Commonly observed degradation in field-aged photovoltaic modules. In: Proc. 29th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, pp. 1436–1439.
[4] Wu D. (2015). Investigation of the Reliability of the Encapsulation System of Photovoltaic Modules», Thèse de doctorat, Loughborough University.
[5] Madogni V. I. (2016). Modèle analytique pour l’étude de la dégradation de la performance des cellules photovoltaïques au silicium monocristallin. Afrique SCIENCE, 12 (3): 182-200, 19 pages.
[6] Thuillier B. (2001). Caractérisation structurale des contacts ohmiques réalisés à partir d’encres métalliques sur cellules photovoltaïques en silicium multi cristallin. Thèse de doctorat, Ecole Doctorale Matériaux de Lyon, l’institut national des sciences appliquées de Lyon, Lyon.
[7] Nyman M. (2015). Interfacial Effects in Organic Solar Cells, Thèse de Doctorat, Abo Akademi University, Finland.
[8] Kempe, M. D. (2005.). Control of moisture ingress into photovoltaic modules. In: 31st IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference and Exhibition, Lake Buena Vista, Florida.
[9] Skocze, A., Sample T., Dunlop E. D., Ossenbrink, H. A., (2008). Electrical performance results from physical stress testing of commercial PV modules to the IEC61215 test sequence». Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 92, pp 1593–1604.
[10] Mekhilef S., Saidur R., Kamalisarvestani M. (2012). Effect of dust, humidity and air velocity on efficiency of photovoltaic cells, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 16, pp 2920– 2925.
[11] Osterwald C. R. and McMahon T. J., (2009). History of Accelerated and Qualification Testing of Terrestrial Photovoltaic Modules: A Literature Review. Prog. Photovoltaiic: Res. Appl. 2009; 17: pp 11–33.
[12] WU D. et al., (2012). PV module degradation mechanisms under different environmental stress factors. IN: Hutchins, M., Pearsall, N. and Cole, A. (eds.) Proceedings of the 8th Photovoltaic Science Application and Technology Conference (PVSAT-8), Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, pp. 177 - 180.
[13] Kurtz S., Whitfield K., Tamizhmani G., Koehl M., Miller D., Joyce J., Wohlgemuth J., Bosco N., Kempe M., Zgonena T. (2011). Evaluation of high-temperature exposure of photovoltaic modules. Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, 12, pp 954-965.
[14] Park S., Dhakal R., Lehman L., and Cotts E., Measurement of deformations in SnAgCu solder interconnects under in situ thermal loading, Acta Materialia, 55 (2007) pp 3253-3260.
[15] McMahon T. J. (2004). Accelerated testing and failure of thin-film PV modules, Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications 12, pp 235-248.
[16] Kempe M. D., (2006). Modeling of rates of moisture ingress into photovoltaic modules, Solar Energy Material Solar Cells, 90, 2720-2738.
[17] Miyashita M., Kawai S., Masuda A., (2012). Measuring method of moisture ingress into Pho-tovoltaic modules, Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 51 (2012) 10NF12-1-10NF12-4.
[18] Wu D., Zhu J., Betts T. R., Gottschalg R., (2014). Degradation of interface ial adhesion strength within photovoltaic mini-modules during damp-heat exposure, Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications 22 (2014) pp 796-809.
[19] Park N. C. and al., (2013). Effect of Temperature and Humidity on the Degradation Rate of Multicrystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Module. International Journal of Photoenergy. November 2013, Volume 2013.
[20] Escobar L. A. and Meeker W. Q., (2006). A review of accelerated test models,” Statistical Science, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 552–577.
[21] Naah E. Hydrologue, Unesco-PHI: Recherche et développement pour l'environnement en Afrique sub-saharienne.
[22] Koukpemedji A. A. et al., (2015). Influence de la température, de la pression et de l’humidité relative de l’air sur le potentiel éolien dans la zone côtière du Bénin dans le Golfe de Guinée », Revue des Energies Renouvelables Vol. 18 N°2 (2015) pp 217-226.
[23] Duffie J. A., Beckman W. A. Solar engineering of thermal processes. Second ed. John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York; 1991.
[24] King D. L., Quintana M. A., Kratochvil J. A., Ellibee D. E., Hansen B. R. (2000). Photovoltaic module performance and durability following long-term field exposure. Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Application, 8: pp 241–256.
[25] Quintana M. A., King D. L., Hosking F. M., Kratochvil J. A., Johnson R. W., Hansen B. R., Dhere N. G., Pandit M. B. (2000) Diagnostic analysis of silicon photovoltaic modules after 20-year field exposure. Proceedings of the 28th PV Specialists Conference, Anchorage, AK, USA; pp 1420–1423.
[26] Realini A, Burá E, Cereghetti N, Chianese D, Rezzonico S, Sample T, (2001). Ossenbrink H. Study of a 20   year old PV plant (MTBF project). Proceedings of the 17th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, Munich, Germany; pp 447–450.
[27] Realini A. (2003) Mean time before failure of photovoltaic modules, Federal Office for Education and Science, Final report BBW 99.0579.
[28] Reis A. M., Coleman N. T., Marshall M. W., Lehman P. A., Chamberlin C. E. (2002). Comparison of PV module performance before and after 11-years of field exposure. Proceedings of the 29th PV Specialists Conference, New Orleans, LA, USA, pp 1432–1435.
[29] Sakamoto S., Oshiro T. (2003). Field test results on the stability of crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules manufactured in the 1990s. Proceedings of the 3rd World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, Osaka, Japan; pp 1888–1891.
[30] Hedström J., Palmblad L. (2006) Performance of old PV modules: measurement of 25 years old crystalline silicon modules, Elforsk Rapport 06: 71.
[31] Saleh I. M., Abouhdima I., Gantrari M. B. (2009). Performance of thirty years stand alone photovoltaic system. Proceedings of the 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, Hamburg, Germany, pp 3995–3998.
[32] Vignola F, Krumsick J, Mavromatakis F, Walwyn R. (2009). Measuring degradation of photovoltaic module performance in the field. Proceedings of the 38th American Solar Energy Society Annual Solar Conference, Buffalo, NY, USA.
[33] Eikelboom J. A., Jansen M. J. (2000). Characterisation of PV modules of new generations, results of tests and simulations, Netherlands Energy Research Foundation (ECN), Report code: ECN-C-00-067.
[34] Lopez-Garcia J. (2017). Lifetime Evaluation of PV Inverters considering Panel Degradation Rates and Installation Sites. Conference Paper.
[35] Vázquez M, Rey-Stolle I. (2008). Photovoltaic module reliability model based on field degradation studies. Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Application, 16: pp 419–433.
[36] Hulkoff T. (2009). Usage of Highly Accelerated Stress Test (HAST) in Solar Module Ageing Procedures. Department of Electrical Engineering Division of Energy and Environment CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Göteborg, Sweden.
[37] Park H., Jeong J., Shin E., Kim S., Yi J. A reliability study of silicon heterojunction photovoltaic modules exposed to damp heat testing, Microelectronic Engineering, July 2019, volume 216.
[38] Kim H. A., Baeg J. H, Shin J., Park J., Lee S. (2018), Effect of Damp Heat on the Performance Degradation of Flexible CIGS Photovoltaic Modules. Int J Adv Technol 9: 200., Volume 9 doi:10.4172/0976-4860.1000200
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Minadohona Maxime Capo-Chichi, Vianou Irenée Madogni, Clément Adéyèmi Kouchadé, Géraud Florentin Hounkpatin, Basile Bruno Kounouhewa. (2022). Effects of Damp-Heat into Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Solar Modules in Benin (Tropical Area). Science Journal of Energy Engineering, 10(3), 24-34. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjee.20221003.11

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Minadohona Maxime Capo-Chichi; Vianou Irenée Madogni; Clément Adéyèmi Kouchadé; Géraud Florentin Hounkpatin; Basile Bruno Kounouhewa. Effects of Damp-Heat into Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Solar Modules in Benin (Tropical Area). Sci. J. Energy Eng. 2022, 10(3), 24-34. doi: 10.11648/j.sjee.20221003.11

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Minadohona Maxime Capo-Chichi, Vianou Irenée Madogni, Clément Adéyèmi Kouchadé, Géraud Florentin Hounkpatin, Basile Bruno Kounouhewa. Effects of Damp-Heat into Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Solar Modules in Benin (Tropical Area). Sci J Energy Eng. 2022;10(3):24-34. doi: 10.11648/j.sjee.20221003.11

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.sjee.20221003.11,
      author = {Minadohona Maxime Capo-Chichi and Vianou Irenée Madogni and Clément Adéyèmi Kouchadé and Géraud Florentin Hounkpatin and Basile Bruno Kounouhewa},
      title = {Effects of Damp-Heat into Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Solar Modules in Benin (Tropical Area)},
      journal = {Science Journal of Energy Engineering},
      volume = {10},
      number = {3},
      pages = {24-34},
      doi = {10.11648/j.sjee.20221003.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjee.20221003.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjee.20221003.11},
      abstract = {During their outdoor service, photovoltaic (PV) modules are exposed to different set of environmental conditions that can affect their performance such as Damp-Heat. But theses external conditions varied from one area to another. This work aims to highlight the impact of environmental conditions on the performance of crystalline silicon photovoltaic solar modules exposed in the tropical environment which is a hot and humid area. We have firstly studied the degradation of the solar photovoltaic module under the effect of moisture and the heat by using the analytical models of Erying, Peck and Laplace transformed. Then we have compared these models to the experimental Damp Heat model of Hulkoff. We finally verified the impact of the environmental conditions of the tropical environment on the photovoltaic modules by simulating their behavior over time under real conditions using the relative humidity and average temperature data of the synoptic stations of Benin. The theoretical results obtained, compared to those obtained by Hulkoff in experiments showed firstly a reduction of about 3% in the electrical performance of photovoltaic solar modules over period and a loss of performance of PV modules ranging from 0.19% to 0.5% per year. The PV module performance degradation rates over the study period correlate with those found in the literature on different systems installed in various regions of the world. So, future researches on crystalline silicon photovoltaic solar module can be effect of Damp-Heat on its electrical parameters in tropical area.},
     year = {2022}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Effects of Damp-Heat into Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Solar Modules in Benin (Tropical Area)
    AU  - Minadohona Maxime Capo-Chichi
    AU  - Vianou Irenée Madogni
    AU  - Clément Adéyèmi Kouchadé
    AU  - Géraud Florentin Hounkpatin
    AU  - Basile Bruno Kounouhewa
    Y1  - 2022/11/10
    PY  - 2022
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjee.20221003.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.sjee.20221003.11
    T2  - Science Journal of Energy Engineering
    JF  - Science Journal of Energy Engineering
    JO  - Science Journal of Energy Engineering
    SP  - 24
    EP  - 34
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2376-8126
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjee.20221003.11
    AB  - During their outdoor service, photovoltaic (PV) modules are exposed to different set of environmental conditions that can affect their performance such as Damp-Heat. But theses external conditions varied from one area to another. This work aims to highlight the impact of environmental conditions on the performance of crystalline silicon photovoltaic solar modules exposed in the tropical environment which is a hot and humid area. We have firstly studied the degradation of the solar photovoltaic module under the effect of moisture and the heat by using the analytical models of Erying, Peck and Laplace transformed. Then we have compared these models to the experimental Damp Heat model of Hulkoff. We finally verified the impact of the environmental conditions of the tropical environment on the photovoltaic modules by simulating their behavior over time under real conditions using the relative humidity and average temperature data of the synoptic stations of Benin. The theoretical results obtained, compared to those obtained by Hulkoff in experiments showed firstly a reduction of about 3% in the electrical performance of photovoltaic solar modules over period and a loss of performance of PV modules ranging from 0.19% to 0.5% per year. The PV module performance degradation rates over the study period correlate with those found in the literature on different systems installed in various regions of the world. So, future researches on crystalline silicon photovoltaic solar module can be effect of Damp-Heat on its electrical parameters in tropical area.
    VL  - 10
    IS  - 3
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Laboratory of Radiation Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin

  • Laboratory of Radiation Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin

  • Laboratory of Radiation Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin

  • Laboratory of Radiation Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin

  • Laboratory of Radiation Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin

  • Sections