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Review Article
Optimisation of Building Energy Management in the Tropics Using Artificial Intelligence Algorithms: Scientific Review
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 4, December 2025
Pages:
167-191
Received:
3 November 2025
Accepted:
17 November 2025
Published:
17 December 2025
Abstract: Improving the energy efficiency of buildings is a major challenge for sustainable development, particularly in countries such as Benin where energy resources are limited while demand continues to grow. The objective of this article is to analyse and synthesize existing approaches for predicting building energy consumption, and to propose a theoretical framework for developing an artificial intelligence–based predictive model adapted to the local context. To achieve this objective, a systematic review of the literature was conducted, focusing on three categories of energy prediction methods: technical approaches, artificial intelligence (AI) approaches, and hybrid approaches. The methodological analysis highlights that while technical and hybrid models rely on thermodynamic equations, AI-based models use historical data to predict future energy consumption based on multiple environmental and operational parameters. The results of the review show that AI-based methods-particularly multiple linear regression, artificial neural networks, and ensemble techniques such as random forests-offer high predictive accuracy and greater adaptability, making them increasingly popular for building energy management. By examining environmental, socio-economic, and technological factors influencing energy use, the study proposes a structured theoretical framework integrating machine learning algorithms to improve prediction performance. The review also identifies research gaps and outlines a methodological pathway for developing an AI-driven predictive model tailored to Benin’s climatic and infrastructural context.
Abstract: Improving the energy efficiency of buildings is a major challenge for sustainable development, particularly in countries such as Benin where energy resources are limited while demand continues to grow. The objective of this article is to analyse and synthesize existing approaches for predicting building energy consumption, and to propose a theoreti...
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Research Article
Energy Management of PV-Battery Systems for Rural Microgrids and Agricultural Water Pumping Applications in Senegal
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 4, December 2025
Pages:
192-205
Received:
10 November 2025
Accepted:
21 November 2025
Published:
17 December 2025
Abstract: This work proposes an optimized energy management strategy for a photovoltaic (PV) system coupled with batteries, intended for both rural electrification and agricultural pumping applications. The approach takes into account photovoltaic generation, battery storage and demand management to ensure a balance between domestic needs and irrigation requirements. For the MPPT of PVs with an installed power of 36.6 kWp, we used the conductance increment algorithm (Inc) to provide the PV current reference and the power transfer to the DC bus was provided via a Boost chopper. To ensure the stability of the DC bus voltage, a PI regulator is dimensioned and a management algorithm is developed to control the Buck-Boost coupled to the grid. This algorithm makes it possible to store the excess PV production in the battery pack and to return them in the event of a deficit through the bidirectional converter. In addition, the proposed strategy ensures coordinated operation between generation, storage, and agricultural pumping in order to guarantee the continuity of supply under varying climatic and load conditions. The simulation results highlight the potential of PV-battery microgrids to reduce reliance on diesel, improve access to water for agriculture, and strengthen the sustainability of rural communities. The findings demonstrate that the proposed system achieves stable voltage regulation, efficient energy allocation, and improved autonomy for isolated sites. The study thus proposes a framework that can be replicated in similar contexts in sub-Saharan Africa, simultaneously contributing to energy access and food security.
Abstract: This work proposes an optimized energy management strategy for a photovoltaic (PV) system coupled with batteries, intended for both rural electrification and agricultural pumping applications. The approach takes into account photovoltaic generation, battery storage and demand management to ensure a balance between domestic needs and irrigation requ...
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Research Article
Energy Performance Assessment and Baseline Development for Solar PV Systems through Energy Auditing
Manohar Talari*
,
Ankarao Mogili
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 4, December 2025
Pages:
206-219
Received:
27 November 2025
Accepted:
12 December 2025
Published:
31 December 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.sjee.20251304.13
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Accurate and standardized assessment of solar photovoltaic (PV) performance is critical for operational optimization, financial evaluation, and long-term degradation analysis. This study develops an energy auditing–based performance evaluation framework aligned with IEC 61724-1 and tailored to Indian climatic conditions. The proposed framework integrates a deterministic, physics-based baseline model with a data-driven, weather-normalized assessment approach to derive reliable Energy Performance Indicators (EnPI) and Energy Baselines (EnBl). Key performance metrics, including final yield, reference yield, performance ratio (PR), capacity factor, and specific yield, are systematically evaluated using standardized definitions. State-wise solar generation data obtained from the Central Electricity Authority (CEA) of India are analyzed for the period covering quarterly records from April–June 2024 and April–June 2025 to enable interannual and regional comparison. Weather normalization is applied to reduce the influence of irradiance variability, while statistical robustness is enhanced through multi-year comparison and uncertainty characterization based on distributional spread and central tendency analysis. A representative 1 MWp PV system example demonstrates that a PR baseline of approximately 0.75 corresponds to an expected annual energy generation of about 1.5 GWh under typical Indian irradiance conditions. National-level analysis indicates an overall increase of 19.20% in total solar generation between 2024 and 2025, with 20 states and union territories exhibiting improved performance. State-wise EnPI and EnBl comparisons reveal substantial regional variability in solar PV performance, attributable to differences in climatic conditions, installed capacity, and operational practices. The results confirm that the proposed hybrid baseline framework improves comparability across regions, minimizes year-to-year weather-induced bias, and provides a reproducible and standards-compliant basis for large-scale solar PV performance auditing and benchmarking in India.
Abstract: Accurate and standardized assessment of solar photovoltaic (PV) performance is critical for operational optimization, financial evaluation, and long-term degradation analysis. This study develops an energy auditing–based performance evaluation framework aligned with IEC 61724-1 and tailored to Indian climatic conditions. The proposed framework inte...
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