Effect of Oil Extraction Conditions on the Anaerobic Fermentation of Jatropha curcas Seed Cakes
Sogang Segning Harry Bertholt,
Nsah-ko Tchoumboue,
Djousse Kanouo Boris Merlain,
Tangka Julius Kewir
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
1-7
Received:
16 November 2020
Accepted:
14 December 2020
Published:
12 January 2021
Abstract: The production of biogas is a heathy way to convert biomass like seed cakes into energy. But before that, oil seeds like jatropha curcas are treated in some conditions in other to get oil first, and cakes after. And different levels of those conditions that are seed type, preheat temperature and extraction pressure can give different results on biogas production using those cakes. That is why in this study, biogas characteristics of cake, from three types of jatropha seeds (whole, kernels and crushed) preheated at four levels of temperature (25°C, 50°C, 75°C and 100°C) and submitted at three extraction pressures (181.81 bar, 324.66 bar and 422.06 bar), were assessed. It consisted in mixing 5 ml solid mixture (2.5 ml of cake sample and 2,5 ml cow dung) to the buffer solution (NH4Cl, 100; NaCl, 10; MgCl 2 • 6H2O, 10; CaCl2.2H2O, 5) at 1:1 ratio. The mixture was introduced in a reactor of 16 ml volume and then incubated in an electric oven at 37°C for 60 days. The measure of gas volume of each sample was done using the adapted method of displaced liquid. The gas calorific value estimation of each sample was theoretically done, using Buswell equation. And, the gas energy was obtained for each sample, using its gas volume and calorific value. The main results were as follows. The highest volume of biogas (8 ml / g) and highest energy (2485.85 J) were registered with whole seed cake at preheated temperature/extraction pressure couple of 100°C-324.66 bar. The highest calorific value (701.43 KJ/mol) was obtained with the whole seed cake at preheated temperature/extraction/ pressure couple of 100°C-422.06 bars. The main conclusion that can be made is that, there is an effect of oil extraction conditions on the anaerobic fermentation of jatropha curcas seed cakes.
Abstract: The production of biogas is a heathy way to convert biomass like seed cakes into energy. But before that, oil seeds like jatropha curcas are treated in some conditions in other to get oil first, and cakes after. And different levels of those conditions that are seed type, preheat temperature and extraction pressure can give different results on bio...
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Effects of Municipal Solid Waste Torrefaction and Classification Pretreatment on Hydrogen Chloride Release
Guangtao Hu,
Xing Ning,
Borui Zhu,
Shuang Wang
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
8-16
Received:
28 January 2021
Accepted:
17 February 2021
Published:
27 February 2021
Abstract: The incineration treatment of municipal solid waste is widely used, but gas-phase hydrogen chloride (HCl) generated during the incineration seriously threatens the heating surface of boiler tail, and even causes serious harm to environment. Through incineration experiments, this paper found that many factors (temperature, oxygen concentration, residence time and moisture content) affect the HCl emission characteristics in the process of municipal solid waste incineration treatment. In order to effectively cut back the HCl emission in incineration treatment of municipal solid waste, this paper proposes torrefaction and classification pretreatment of municipal solid waste. Torrefaction pretreatment has a significant inhibitory effect on HCl emission during the incineration of mixed municipal solid waste. At the same time, compared with the incineration treatment of mixed municipal solid waste, sawdust and plastic municipal solid waste of the same quality after classification pretreatment can effectively curb HCl emissions within the entire temperature range. In particular, HCl emissions are reduced by 35% during sawdust incineration treatment at 400°C. Furthermore, by studying the reaction mechanics of HCl generation during combustion at different temperatures, and the reaction rate of HCl generation is: mixed municipal solid waste >plastic >sawdust. Therefore, this paper believes that torrefaction and classification pretreatment of mixed municipal solid waste is beneficial to inhibit the precipitation of chlorine during the incineration process and promotes the resource utilization of municipal solid waste, which is of significant significance for energy conservation and emission reduction.
Abstract: The incineration treatment of municipal solid waste is widely used, but gas-phase hydrogen chloride (HCl) generated during the incineration seriously threatens the heating surface of boiler tail, and even causes serious harm to environment. Through incineration experiments, this paper found that many factors (temperature, oxygen concentration, resi...
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