Essential and Toxic Heavy Metals Status in Some Fruits from Turaba District (Saudi Arabia), Health Risk Assessment

Awad Abdalla Momen Abdelkareem; Mohamed Hesham Hassan Mahmoud; Dafaalla Mohamed Hag Ali; Mohammed Awad Ali Khalid; Saad Hmoud M. Alotaibi; Malik Abdalla Abdelrahman Elsheikh

doi:doi:10.11648/j.stpp.20180202.12

Essential and Toxic Heavy Metals Status in Some Fruits from Turaba District (Saudi Arabia), Health Risk Assessment

Awad Abdalla Momen Abdelkareem, Mohamed Hesham Hassan Mahmoud, Dafaalla Mohamed Hag Ali, Mohammed Awad Ali Khalid, Saad Hmoud M. Alotaibi, Malik Abdalla Abdelrahman Elsheikh

Published in Science, Technology & Public Policy (Volume 2, Issue 2)

Received: 29 August 2018 Accepted: 30 September 2018 Published: 9 November 2018

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Abstract

This study was carried out to determine the essential (Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni and Zn) and the toxic heavy metals (Al, As, Cd and Pb) in fruit samples of commonly consumed in Turaba District, (Saudi Arabia). Samples were digested by microwave assisted reaction system using (3:1) HNO₃:H₂O₂ mixture. The metals were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Studied samples includes bananas (Musa acuminata), tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum), guava (Psidium guajava), grapes (Vitis spp), date palm (Phoenix dactylifera), mangos (Mangifera indica), cantaloupe melon (Cucumis melo), watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), orange (Citrus maxima), mandarin (Citrus reticulata), lemon (Citrus limon) and pomegranate (Punica Granatum). The method was validated in terms of linearity, accuracy and precision, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ). The recovery (%) was found to be between 91.6–103.4%. It was found that Ca (~14.79 mg/kg), Mg (~10.46 mg/kg), Na (~6.327 mg/kg), K (~166.33 mg/kg) and Zn (2.85 mg/kg) were predominant among the major elements, while, Cr (~0.001 mg/kg), Cu (~0.147 mg/kg), Fe (~0.104 mg/kg) and Mn (~0.010 mg/kg) were comparable. The concentration of toxic heavy metals (Cd, Al, As and Pb) were mostly below LOD and they may not develop any health problems, while Co and Ni were not detected in all studied fruit samples. Moreover, the estimated concentrations of all metals in the present study were lower than the limits that permitted by Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA) and World Health Organization (WHO). This is results is also confirmed by the estimated daily dietary elements intake (EDDEI) values. This indicate that, fruit types of commonly consumed in Turaba District and other parts in Saudi Arabia may not rises any health risk to consumers. Student's t-test, ANOVA test at 95% confidence interval and Microsoft excel were employed to estimate the significance of values obtained.

Published in	Science, Technology & Public Policy (Volume 2, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.stpp.20180202.12
Page(s)	26-37
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Toxic Heavy Metals, Fruits, Estimated Daily Intake, Atomic Emission Spectrophotometer, Saudi Arabia

References

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APA Style

Awad Abdalla Momen Abdelkareem, Mohamed Hesham Hassan Mahmoud, Dafaalla Mohamed Hag Ali, Mohammed Awad Ali Khalid, Saad Hmoud M. Alotaibi, et al. (2018). Essential and Toxic Heavy Metals Status in Some Fruits from Turaba District (Saudi Arabia), Health Risk Assessment. Science, Technology & Public Policy, 2(2), 26-37. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.stpp.20180202.12

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Awad Abdalla Momen Abdelkareem; Mohamed Hesham Hassan Mahmoud; Dafaalla Mohamed Hag Ali; Mohammed Awad Ali Khalid; Saad Hmoud M. Alotaibi, et al. Essential and Toxic Heavy Metals Status in Some Fruits from Turaba District (Saudi Arabia), Health Risk Assessment. Sci. Technol. Public Policy 2018, 2(2), 26-37. doi: 10.11648/j.stpp.20180202.12

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Awad Abdalla Momen Abdelkareem, Mohamed Hesham Hassan Mahmoud, Dafaalla Mohamed Hag Ali, Mohammed Awad Ali Khalid, Saad Hmoud M. Alotaibi, et al. Essential and Toxic Heavy Metals Status in Some Fruits from Turaba District (Saudi Arabia), Health Risk Assessment. Sci Technol Public Policy. 2018;2(2):26-37. doi: 10.11648/j.stpp.20180202.12

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@article{10.11648/j.stpp.20180202.12,
  author = {Awad Abdalla Momen Abdelkareem and Mohamed Hesham Hassan Mahmoud and Dafaalla Mohamed Hag Ali and Mohammed Awad Ali Khalid and Saad Hmoud M. Alotaibi and Malik Abdalla Abdelrahman Elsheikh},
  title = {Essential and Toxic Heavy Metals Status in Some Fruits from Turaba District (Saudi Arabia), Health Risk Assessment},
  journal = {Science, Technology & Public Policy},
  volume = {2},
  number = {2},
  pages = {26-37},
  doi = {10.11648/j.stpp.20180202.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.stpp.20180202.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.stpp.20180202.12},
  abstract = {This study was carried out to determine the essential (Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni and Zn) and the toxic heavy metals (Al, As, Cd and Pb) in fruit samples of commonly consumed in Turaba District, (Saudi Arabia). Samples were digested by microwave assisted reaction system using (3:1) HNO3:H2O2 mixture. The metals were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Studied samples includes bananas (Musa acuminata), tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum), guava (Psidium guajava), grapes (Vitis spp), date palm (Phoenix dactylifera), mangos (Mangifera indica), cantaloupe melon (Cucumis melo), watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), orange (Citrus maxima), mandarin (Citrus reticulata), lemon (Citrus limon) and pomegranate (Punica Granatum). The method was validated in terms of linearity, accuracy and precision, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ). The recovery (%) was found to be between 91.6–103.4%. It was found that Ca (~14.79 mg/kg), Mg (~10.46 mg/kg), Na (~6.327 mg/kg), K (~166.33 mg/kg) and Zn (2.85 mg/kg) were predominant among the major elements, while, Cr (~0.001 mg/kg), Cu (~0.147 mg/kg), Fe (~0.104 mg/kg) and Mn (~0.010 mg/kg) were comparable. The concentration of toxic heavy metals (Cd, Al, As and Pb) were mostly below LOD and they may not develop any health problems, while Co and Ni were not detected in all studied fruit samples. Moreover, the estimated concentrations of all metals in the present study were lower than the limits that permitted by Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA) and World Health Organization (WHO). This is results is also confirmed by the estimated daily dietary elements intake (EDDEI) values. This indicate that, fruit types of commonly consumed in Turaba District and other parts in Saudi Arabia may not rises any health risk to consumers. Student's t-test, ANOVA test at 95% confidence interval and Microsoft excel were employed to estimate the significance of values obtained.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Essential and Toxic Heavy Metals Status in Some Fruits from Turaba District (Saudi Arabia), Health Risk Assessment
AU  - Awad Abdalla Momen Abdelkareem
AU  - Mohamed Hesham Hassan Mahmoud
AU  - Dafaalla Mohamed Hag Ali
AU  - Mohammed Awad Ali Khalid
AU  - Saad Hmoud M. Alotaibi
AU  - Malik Abdalla Abdelrahman Elsheikh
Y1  - 2018/11/09
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.stpp.20180202.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.stpp.20180202.12
T2  - Science, Technology & Public Policy
JF  - Science, Technology & Public Policy
JO  - Science, Technology & Public Policy
SP  - 26
EP  - 37
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-4621
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.stpp.20180202.12
AB  - This study was carried out to determine the essential (Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni and Zn) and the toxic heavy metals (Al, As, Cd and Pb) in fruit samples of commonly consumed in Turaba District, (Saudi Arabia). Samples were digested by microwave assisted reaction system using (3:1) HNO3:H2O2 mixture. The metals were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Studied samples includes bananas (Musa acuminata), tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum), guava (Psidium guajava), grapes (Vitis spp), date palm (Phoenix dactylifera), mangos (Mangifera indica), cantaloupe melon (Cucumis melo), watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), orange (Citrus maxima), mandarin (Citrus reticulata), lemon (Citrus limon) and pomegranate (Punica Granatum). The method was validated in terms of linearity, accuracy and precision, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ). The recovery (%) was found to be between 91.6–103.4%. It was found that Ca (~14.79 mg/kg), Mg (~10.46 mg/kg), Na (~6.327 mg/kg), K (~166.33 mg/kg) and Zn (2.85 mg/kg) were predominant among the major elements, while, Cr (~0.001 mg/kg), Cu (~0.147 mg/kg), Fe (~0.104 mg/kg) and Mn (~0.010 mg/kg) were comparable. The concentration of toxic heavy metals (Cd, Al, As and Pb) were mostly below LOD and they may not develop any health problems, while Co and Ni were not detected in all studied fruit samples. Moreover, the estimated concentrations of all metals in the present study were lower than the limits that permitted by Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA) and World Health Organization (WHO). This is results is also confirmed by the estimated daily dietary elements intake (EDDEI) values. This indicate that, fruit types of commonly consumed in Turaba District and other parts in Saudi Arabia may not rises any health risk to consumers. Student's t-test, ANOVA test at 95% confidence interval and Microsoft excel were employed to estimate the significance of values obtained.
VL  - 2
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Awad Abdalla Momen Abdelkareem

Department of Chemistry, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
Mohamed Hesham Hassan Mahmoud

Department of Chemistry, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
Dafaalla Mohamed Hag Ali

Department of Chemistry, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
Mohammed Awad Ali Khalid

Department of Chemistry, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
Saad Hmoud M. Alotaibi

Department of Chemistry, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
Malik Abdalla Abdelrahman Elsheikh

Department of Chemistry, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia

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Awad Abdalla Momen Abdelkareem, Mohamed Hesham Hassan Mahmoud, Dafaalla Mohamed Hag Ali, Mohammed Awad Ali Khalid, Saad Hmoud M. Alotaibi, et al. (2018). Essential and Toxic Heavy Metals Status in Some Fruits from Turaba District (Saudi Arabia), Health Risk Assessment. Science, Technology & Public Policy, 2(2), 26-37. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.stpp.20180202.12

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Awad Abdalla Momen Abdelkareem; Mohamed Hesham Hassan Mahmoud; Dafaalla Mohamed Hag Ali; Mohammed Awad Ali Khalid; Saad Hmoud M. Alotaibi, et al. Essential and Toxic Heavy Metals Status in Some Fruits from Turaba District (Saudi Arabia), Health Risk Assessment. Sci. Technol. Public Policy 2018, 2(2), 26-37. doi: 10.11648/j.stpp.20180202.12

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Awad Abdalla Momen Abdelkareem, Mohamed Hesham Hassan Mahmoud, Dafaalla Mohamed Hag Ali, Mohammed Awad Ali Khalid, Saad Hmoud M. Alotaibi, et al. Essential and Toxic Heavy Metals Status in Some Fruits from Turaba District (Saudi Arabia), Health Risk Assessment. Sci Technol Public Policy. 2018;2(2):26-37. doi: 10.11648/j.stpp.20180202.12

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@article{10.11648/j.stpp.20180202.12,
  author = {Awad Abdalla Momen Abdelkareem and Mohamed Hesham Hassan Mahmoud and Dafaalla Mohamed Hag Ali and Mohammed Awad Ali Khalid and Saad Hmoud M. Alotaibi and Malik Abdalla Abdelrahman Elsheikh},
  title = {Essential and Toxic Heavy Metals Status in Some Fruits from Turaba District (Saudi Arabia), Health Risk Assessment},
  journal = {Science, Technology & Public Policy},
  volume = {2},
  number = {2},
  pages = {26-37},
  doi = {10.11648/j.stpp.20180202.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.stpp.20180202.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.stpp.20180202.12},
  abstract = {This study was carried out to determine the essential (Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni and Zn) and the toxic heavy metals (Al, As, Cd and Pb) in fruit samples of commonly consumed in Turaba District, (Saudi Arabia). Samples were digested by microwave assisted reaction system using (3:1) HNO3:H2O2 mixture. The metals were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Studied samples includes bananas (Musa acuminata), tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum), guava (Psidium guajava), grapes (Vitis spp), date palm (Phoenix dactylifera), mangos (Mangifera indica), cantaloupe melon (Cucumis melo), watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), orange (Citrus maxima), mandarin (Citrus reticulata), lemon (Citrus limon) and pomegranate (Punica Granatum). The method was validated in terms of linearity, accuracy and precision, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ). The recovery (%) was found to be between 91.6–103.4%. It was found that Ca (~14.79 mg/kg), Mg (~10.46 mg/kg), Na (~6.327 mg/kg), K (~166.33 mg/kg) and Zn (2.85 mg/kg) were predominant among the major elements, while, Cr (~0.001 mg/kg), Cu (~0.147 mg/kg), Fe (~0.104 mg/kg) and Mn (~0.010 mg/kg) were comparable. The concentration of toxic heavy metals (Cd, Al, As and Pb) were mostly below LOD and they may not develop any health problems, while Co and Ni were not detected in all studied fruit samples. Moreover, the estimated concentrations of all metals in the present study were lower than the limits that permitted by Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA) and World Health Organization (WHO). This is results is also confirmed by the estimated daily dietary elements intake (EDDEI) values. This indicate that, fruit types of commonly consumed in Turaba District and other parts in Saudi Arabia may not rises any health risk to consumers. Student's t-test, ANOVA test at 95% confidence interval and Microsoft excel were employed to estimate the significance of values obtained.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Essential and Toxic Heavy Metals Status in Some Fruits from Turaba District (Saudi Arabia), Health Risk Assessment
AU  - Awad Abdalla Momen Abdelkareem
AU  - Mohamed Hesham Hassan Mahmoud
AU  - Dafaalla Mohamed Hag Ali
AU  - Mohammed Awad Ali Khalid
AU  - Saad Hmoud M. Alotaibi
AU  - Malik Abdalla Abdelrahman Elsheikh
Y1  - 2018/11/09
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.stpp.20180202.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.stpp.20180202.12
T2  - Science, Technology & Public Policy
JF  - Science, Technology & Public Policy
JO  - Science, Technology & Public Policy
SP  - 26
EP  - 37
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-4621
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.stpp.20180202.12
AB  - This study was carried out to determine the essential (Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni and Zn) and the toxic heavy metals (Al, As, Cd and Pb) in fruit samples of commonly consumed in Turaba District, (Saudi Arabia). Samples were digested by microwave assisted reaction system using (3:1) HNO3:H2O2 mixture. The metals were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Studied samples includes bananas (Musa acuminata), tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum), guava (Psidium guajava), grapes (Vitis spp), date palm (Phoenix dactylifera), mangos (Mangifera indica), cantaloupe melon (Cucumis melo), watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), orange (Citrus maxima), mandarin (Citrus reticulata), lemon (Citrus limon) and pomegranate (Punica Granatum). The method was validated in terms of linearity, accuracy and precision, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ). The recovery (%) was found to be between 91.6–103.4%. It was found that Ca (~14.79 mg/kg), Mg (~10.46 mg/kg), Na (~6.327 mg/kg), K (~166.33 mg/kg) and Zn (2.85 mg/kg) were predominant among the major elements, while, Cr (~0.001 mg/kg), Cu (~0.147 mg/kg), Fe (~0.104 mg/kg) and Mn (~0.010 mg/kg) were comparable. The concentration of toxic heavy metals (Cd, Al, As and Pb) were mostly below LOD and they may not develop any health problems, while Co and Ni were not detected in all studied fruit samples. Moreover, the estimated concentrations of all metals in the present study were lower than the limits that permitted by Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA) and World Health Organization (WHO). This is results is also confirmed by the estimated daily dietary elements intake (EDDEI) values. This indicate that, fruit types of commonly consumed in Turaba District and other parts in Saudi Arabia may not rises any health risk to consumers. Student's t-test, ANOVA test at 95% confidence interval and Microsoft excel were employed to estimate the significance of values obtained.
VL  - 2
IS  - 2
ER  -

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