Using of Salicylaldehyde Reagent in Spectrophotometric Determination of Niclosamide Via Schiff Base Reaction

Mohammed Mahmood Mohammed; Othman Nabeel Sabeeh; Al-Abady Faiz Muhseen

doi:doi:10.11648/j.stpp.20210501.14

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Using of Salicylaldehyde Reagent in Spectrophotometric Determination of Niclosamide Via Schiff Base Reaction

Mohammed Mahmood Mohammed, Othman Nabeel Sabeeh, Al-Abady Faiz Muhseen

Published in Science, Technology & Public Policy (Volume 5, Issue 1)

Received: 11 February 2021 Accepted: 1 March 2021 Published: 30 March 2021

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Abstract

The present method includes spectrophotometric determination of niclosamide (NICS) via Schiff base reaction in an alcoholic medium (ethanol) after reducing the nitro group in NICS by added zinc powder in an acidic medium to produce a primary amine group which can be coupled with the salicylaldehyde (SSA) reagent to give a yellow solution whose absorption is followed at the wavelength of 405 nm. Beer's law limitation for the proposed method was in the range of concentrations of 4.0-30 μg. ml^-1. The molar absorbance value was 8.701 x 10⁴ l mol.^-1 cm.^-1 and Sandell's sensitivity value was 0.0376 μg. cm^-2. The effect of the reaction components was studied separately by changing one of the components and keeping the other constant, and the optimal conditions were chosen for all these studied components. The proposed method has been successfully applied for the determination of NICS in a pharmaceutical formulation (Yumesan tablets). The recovery percentage of the medicinal compound under study (niclosamide) from the tablet pharmaceutical preparation (Yumesan) via applying the suggested method was not less than 96.36%, and the values of each of the low detection limit (LOD), the low quantitation limit (LOQ), the relative error percentage (RE%), and the relative standard deviation percentage (RSD%), their values were calculated as they are listed 0.9778 μg. ml^-1, 3.259 μg. ml^-1, -3.61% and not more than 3.67% respectively.

Published in	Science, Technology & Public Policy (Volume 5, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.stpp.20210501.14
Page(s)	40-46
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Niclosamide, Salicylaldehyde, Schiff base, Spectrophotometric, Yumesan Tablets

References

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[2]	National Center for Biotechnology Information (2020). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 4477, Niclosamide. Retrieved December 17, 2020 from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Niclosamide.
[3]	Liu, C., Lou, W., Zhu, Y., Nadiminty, N., Schwartz, C. T., Evans, C. P., & Gao, A. C. (2014). Niclosamide inhibits androgen receptor variants expression and overcomes enzalutamide resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Clinical cancer research, 20 (12), 3198-3210.‏
[4]	British Pharmacopeia on CD-ROM. System Simulation Ltd, the Stationary Office Ltd, London, 2009.
[5]	National Center for Biotechnology Information (2020). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 6998, Salicylaldehyde. Retrieved December 29, 2020 from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Salicylaldehyde.
[6]	Cholifah S, Farina Kartinasari W, Indrayanto G. Simultaneous HPLC determination of levamisole hydrochloride and anhydrous niclosamide in veterinary powders, and its validation. Journal of liquid chromatography & related technologies. 2007 Nov 1; 31 (2): 281-91.
[7]	Murugan, S., Upendra, J. C., & Babu, M. N. (2016). RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Albendazole and Niclosamide in Oral Suspension for Veterinary Use. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 9 (1), 27-32.‏
[8]	Paghadar, C., & Vadia, N. H. (2019). Development and validation of stability indicating RP-HPLC and HPTLC for determination of Niclosamide in bulk and in synthetic mixture. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 12 (8), 1803-1814.‏
[9]	Shah, U., Gandhi, A., & Dawawala, T. (2016). Reverse phase HPLC and derivative spectrophotometric methods for simultaneous estimation of fenbendazole and niclosamide in pharmaceutical dosage form. Journal of the Chilean Chemical Society, 61 (2), 2999-3004.‏
[10]	Caldow, M., Sharman, M., Kelly, M., Day, J., Hird, S., & Tarbin, J. A. (2009). Multi-residue determination of phenolic and salicylanilide anthelmintics and related compounds in bovine kidney by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A, 1216 (46), 8200-8205.‏
[11]	Ghalkhani, M., & Shahrokhian, S. (2010). Application of carbon nanoparticle/chitosan modified electrode for the square-wave adsorptive anodic striping voltammetric determination of Niclosamide. Electrochemistry Communications, 12 (1), 66-69.‏
[12]	Yao, Y., Zhang, L., Duan, X., Xu, J., Zhou, W., & Wen, Y. (2014). Differential pulse striping voltammetric determination of molluscicide niclosamide using three different carbon nanomaterials modified electrodes. Electrochimica Acta, 127, 86-94.‏
[13]	Zhang, Z., Yao, Y., Xu, J., Wen, Y., Zhang, J., & Ding, W. (2017). Nanohybrid sensor based on carboxyl functionalized graphene dispersed palygorskite for voltammetric determination of niclosamide. Applied Clay Science, 143, 57-66.‏
[14]	Abul Khier, A., Elhenawee, M. M., & Elmasry, M. S. (2008). Spectrophotometric method for the determination of some drugs using fast red B salt. E-journal of chemistry, 5.‏
[15]	Abdel Fattah, S. A. (1997). Spectrophotometric determination of niclosamide using p-benzoquinone. Spectroscopy letters, 30 (5), 795-804.‏
[16]	Othman, N. S. and Sultan, S. H. (2014). Spectrophotometric determination of niclosamide by prior reduction and subsequent diazotization-coupling with 2, 6-dihydroxybenzoic acid–application to tablets. Rafidain Journal of Science, 25 (1), 40-52.‏
[17]	Othman, N. S., and Saleem, I. T. (2019). Spectrophotometric determination of niclosamide Via Schiff’s base formulations in pharmaceutical and veterinary preparations. Revista Innovaciencia, 7 (1), 1-9.‏
[18]	Othman, N. S., and Sultan, S. H. (2018). Indirect spectrophotometric determination of niclosamide in pharmaceutical preparations. Journal of Education and Science, 27 (3), 1-18.‏

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APA Style

Mohammed Mahmood Mohammed, Othman Nabeel Sabeeh, Al-Abady Faiz Muhseen. (2021). Using of Salicylaldehyde Reagent in Spectrophotometric Determination of Niclosamide Via Schiff Base Reaction. Science, Technology & Public Policy, 5(1), 40-46. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.stpp.20210501.14

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ACS Style

Mohammed Mahmood Mohammed; Othman Nabeel Sabeeh; Al-Abady Faiz Muhseen. Using of Salicylaldehyde Reagent in Spectrophotometric Determination of Niclosamide Via Schiff Base Reaction. Sci. Technol. Public Policy 2021, 5(1), 40-46. doi: 10.11648/j.stpp.20210501.14

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AMA Style

Mohammed Mahmood Mohammed, Othman Nabeel Sabeeh, Al-Abady Faiz Muhseen. Using of Salicylaldehyde Reagent in Spectrophotometric Determination of Niclosamide Via Schiff Base Reaction. Sci Technol Public Policy. 2021;5(1):40-46. doi: 10.11648/j.stpp.20210501.14

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@article{10.11648/j.stpp.20210501.14,
  author = {Mohammed Mahmood Mohammed and Othman Nabeel Sabeeh and Al-Abady Faiz Muhseen},
  title = {Using of Salicylaldehyde Reagent in Spectrophotometric Determination of Niclosamide Via Schiff Base Reaction},
  journal = {Science, Technology & Public Policy},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1},
  pages = {40-46},
  doi = {10.11648/j.stpp.20210501.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.stpp.20210501.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.stpp.20210501.14},
  abstract = {The present method includes spectrophotometric determination of niclosamide (NICS) via Schiff base reaction in an alcoholic medium (ethanol) after reducing the nitro group in NICS by added zinc powder in an acidic medium to produce a primary amine group which can be coupled with the salicylaldehyde (SSA) reagent to give a yellow solution whose absorption is followed at the wavelength of 405 nm. Beer's law limitation for the proposed method was in the range of concentrations of 4.0-30 μg. ml-1. The molar absorbance value was 8.701 x 104 l mol.-1 cm.-1 and Sandell's sensitivity value was 0.0376 μg. cm-2. The effect of the reaction components was studied separately by changing one of the components and keeping the other constant, and the optimal conditions were chosen for all these studied components. The proposed method has been successfully applied for the determination of NICS in a pharmaceutical formulation (Yumesan tablets). The recovery percentage of the medicinal compound under study (niclosamide) from the tablet pharmaceutical preparation (Yumesan) via applying the suggested method was not less than 96.36%, and the values of each of the low detection limit (LOD), the low quantitation limit (LOQ), the relative error percentage (RE%), and the relative standard deviation percentage (RSD%), their values were calculated as they are listed 0.9778 μg. ml-1, 3.259 μg. ml-1, -3.61% and not more than 3.67% respectively.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Using of Salicylaldehyde Reagent in Spectrophotometric Determination of Niclosamide Via Schiff Base Reaction
AU  - Mohammed Mahmood Mohammed
AU  - Othman Nabeel Sabeeh
AU  - Al-Abady Faiz Muhseen
Y1  - 2021/03/30
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.stpp.20210501.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.stpp.20210501.14
T2  - Science, Technology & Public Policy
JF  - Science, Technology & Public Policy
JO  - Science, Technology & Public Policy
SP  - 40
EP  - 46
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-4621
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.stpp.20210501.14
AB  - The present method includes spectrophotometric determination of niclosamide (NICS) via Schiff base reaction in an alcoholic medium (ethanol) after reducing the nitro group in NICS by added zinc powder in an acidic medium to produce a primary amine group which can be coupled with the salicylaldehyde (SSA) reagent to give a yellow solution whose absorption is followed at the wavelength of 405 nm. Beer's law limitation for the proposed method was in the range of concentrations of 4.0-30 μg. ml-1. The molar absorbance value was 8.701 x 104 l mol.-1 cm.-1 and Sandell's sensitivity value was 0.0376 μg. cm-2. The effect of the reaction components was studied separately by changing one of the components and keeping the other constant, and the optimal conditions were chosen for all these studied components. The proposed method has been successfully applied for the determination of NICS in a pharmaceutical formulation (Yumesan tablets). The recovery percentage of the medicinal compound under study (niclosamide) from the tablet pharmaceutical preparation (Yumesan) via applying the suggested method was not less than 96.36%, and the values of each of the low detection limit (LOD), the low quantitation limit (LOQ), the relative error percentage (RE%), and the relative standard deviation percentage (RSD%), their values were calculated as they are listed 0.9778 μg. ml-1, 3.259 μg. ml-1, -3.61% and not more than 3.67% respectively.
VL  - 5
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Mohammed Mahmood Mohammed

Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq
Othman Nabeel Sabeeh

Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Mosul University, Mosul, Iraq
Al-Abady Faiz Muhseen

Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq

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APA Style

Mohammed Mahmood Mohammed, Othman Nabeel Sabeeh, Al-Abady Faiz Muhseen. (2021). Using of Salicylaldehyde Reagent in Spectrophotometric Determination of Niclosamide Via Schiff Base Reaction. Science, Technology & Public Policy, 5(1), 40-46. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.stpp.20210501.14

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ACS Style

Mohammed Mahmood Mohammed; Othman Nabeel Sabeeh; Al-Abady Faiz Muhseen. Using of Salicylaldehyde Reagent in Spectrophotometric Determination of Niclosamide Via Schiff Base Reaction. Sci. Technol. Public Policy 2021, 5(1), 40-46. doi: 10.11648/j.stpp.20210501.14

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AMA Style

Mohammed Mahmood Mohammed, Othman Nabeel Sabeeh, Al-Abady Faiz Muhseen. Using of Salicylaldehyde Reagent in Spectrophotometric Determination of Niclosamide Via Schiff Base Reaction. Sci Technol Public Policy. 2021;5(1):40-46. doi: 10.11648/j.stpp.20210501.14

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@article{10.11648/j.stpp.20210501.14,
  author = {Mohammed Mahmood Mohammed and Othman Nabeel Sabeeh and Al-Abady Faiz Muhseen},
  title = {Using of Salicylaldehyde Reagent in Spectrophotometric Determination of Niclosamide Via Schiff Base Reaction},
  journal = {Science, Technology & Public Policy},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1},
  pages = {40-46},
  doi = {10.11648/j.stpp.20210501.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.stpp.20210501.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.stpp.20210501.14},
  abstract = {The present method includes spectrophotometric determination of niclosamide (NICS) via Schiff base reaction in an alcoholic medium (ethanol) after reducing the nitro group in NICS by added zinc powder in an acidic medium to produce a primary amine group which can be coupled with the salicylaldehyde (SSA) reagent to give a yellow solution whose absorption is followed at the wavelength of 405 nm. Beer's law limitation for the proposed method was in the range of concentrations of 4.0-30 μg. ml-1. The molar absorbance value was 8.701 x 104 l mol.-1 cm.-1 and Sandell's sensitivity value was 0.0376 μg. cm-2. The effect of the reaction components was studied separately by changing one of the components and keeping the other constant, and the optimal conditions were chosen for all these studied components. The proposed method has been successfully applied for the determination of NICS in a pharmaceutical formulation (Yumesan tablets). The recovery percentage of the medicinal compound under study (niclosamide) from the tablet pharmaceutical preparation (Yumesan) via applying the suggested method was not less than 96.36%, and the values of each of the low detection limit (LOD), the low quantitation limit (LOQ), the relative error percentage (RE%), and the relative standard deviation percentage (RSD%), their values were calculated as they are listed 0.9778 μg. ml-1, 3.259 μg. ml-1, -3.61% and not more than 3.67% respectively.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Using of Salicylaldehyde Reagent in Spectrophotometric Determination of Niclosamide Via Schiff Base Reaction
AU  - Mohammed Mahmood Mohammed
AU  - Othman Nabeel Sabeeh
AU  - Al-Abady Faiz Muhseen
Y1  - 2021/03/30
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.stpp.20210501.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.stpp.20210501.14
T2  - Science, Technology & Public Policy
JF  - Science, Technology & Public Policy
JO  - Science, Technology & Public Policy
SP  - 40
EP  - 46
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-4621
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.stpp.20210501.14
AB  - The present method includes spectrophotometric determination of niclosamide (NICS) via Schiff base reaction in an alcoholic medium (ethanol) after reducing the nitro group in NICS by added zinc powder in an acidic medium to produce a primary amine group which can be coupled with the salicylaldehyde (SSA) reagent to give a yellow solution whose absorption is followed at the wavelength of 405 nm. Beer's law limitation for the proposed method was in the range of concentrations of 4.0-30 μg. ml-1. The molar absorbance value was 8.701 x 104 l mol.-1 cm.-1 and Sandell's sensitivity value was 0.0376 μg. cm-2. The effect of the reaction components was studied separately by changing one of the components and keeping the other constant, and the optimal conditions were chosen for all these studied components. The proposed method has been successfully applied for the determination of NICS in a pharmaceutical formulation (Yumesan tablets). The recovery percentage of the medicinal compound under study (niclosamide) from the tablet pharmaceutical preparation (Yumesan) via applying the suggested method was not less than 96.36%, and the values of each of the low detection limit (LOD), the low quantitation limit (LOQ), the relative error percentage (RE%), and the relative standard deviation percentage (RSD%), their values were calculated as they are listed 0.9778 μg. ml-1, 3.259 μg. ml-1, -3.61% and not more than 3.67% respectively.
VL  - 5
IS  - 1
ER  -

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