Efficiency of Using Some Biological Organisms as Biological Catalysts to Reduce the Incidence of Cantaloupe Downy Mildew Disease Under Greenhouse Conditions
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, February 2022
Pages:
1-9
Received:
11 December 2021
Accepted:
4 January 2022
Published:
18 January 2022
Abstract: Infection of cantaloupe plant with Downy mildew caused by the fungus Pseudoperonospora cubensis leads to significant losses in the amount of the crop, in addition to, reducing its marketing value in many countries around the world, therefore, the efficacy of each of the organisms (Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma viride, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium and Pseudomonas fluorescens), and the fungicide Ridomil gold plus 71.5 WP for the control of cantaloupe downy mildew under laboratory and greenhouse conditions was studied, initially, under laboratory conditions, the results obtained showed that, when using bio filters, in addition to, the recommended concentration of the fungicide to inhibit the germination of P. cubensis sporangia, a significant reduction in the germination rate of the pathogenic fungus sporangia was observed, also, under greenhouse conditions, treatment of cantaloupe with the tested organisms and with the fungicide significantly reduced the severity of downy mildew, compared to the control treatment, where, the best of these treatments in reducing the severity of the disease was the use of the fungicide, while, the organisms were arranged according to their efficiency in reducing the severity of the disease in the following descending order: B. subtilis, Ba. megaterium, P. fluorescens, T. viride and T. harzianum, In addition, cantaloupe plants showed a significant increase in plant growth parameters, for example, (number of leaves, leaf area and total chlorophyll content), also, an increase in yield components, For example, (number of fruits/plant and fruit weight /plant), the above treatments also increased the activity of defense-related enzymes, for example, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase enzymes, as well as, total phenol content compared to the control treatment.
Abstract: Infection of cantaloupe plant with Downy mildew caused by the fungus Pseudoperonospora cubensis leads to significant losses in the amount of the crop, in addition to, reducing its marketing value in many countries around the world, therefore, the efficacy of each of the organisms (Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma viride, Bacillus subtilis, Bacill...
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Determinants of Primary Infertility Among Married Women Attending Obstetrics and Gynecology Speciality Centers at Adama Town, Oromia, Ethiopia
Rehima Abdisa,
Hussen Nemo,
Lemlem Kebede,
Legese Lemma,
Chala Diriba
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, February 2022
Pages:
10-20
Received:
14 February 2022
Accepted:
10 March 2022
Published:
23 March 2022
Abstract: Primary infertility is denoted for those women who have not been conceived previously. There are many biological causes of infertility such as ovulatory factors, utero-tubal peritoneal factor, semen migration factor and the male factor respectively. However, comprehensive epidemiological studies on the risk factors for primary infertility are not well documented in Ethiopia in particular current study area so far. Therefore the objective of this study was to assess determinants of primary infertility and outcome among married women attending obstetrics and gynecology specialty centers at Adama Town, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2020. Methods: Institution based unmatched case control study was conducted from November 16 to December 30, 2020. A sample of 178 married women with 1:2 ratio (59: cases and 119; controls) who attended obstetrics and gynecology clinic at Adama Town were included in the study by stratified random sampling technique. Data were collected using structured interview-administered questionnaire. Then data were entered in to Epi-Info version 7 then exported to SPSS version 24 for processing and analysis. To identify determinants of primary infertility, binary logistic regression model was used. In final fitted regression model a p-value of less than 0.05 was considered to declare significance of association. Result: A total of 178 participants (59 cases and 119 controls) were included in the study making a response rate of 100%. A significant determinants of primary infertility in this study were: Rural residence [AOR]: 27.95 (7.0, 111)], Husband Engaged in High Temperature Occupation [AOR]: 18.86 (3.8, 93.4)], eating diet enriched with saturated fat [AOR]: 10.97 (3, 40.1)], not undergoing adequate sex [AOR]: 0.120 (0.03, 0.57)], Menstruation flow greater than 3 days [AOR]: 4.4 (1.17, 16.6)], Ever use contraceptives [AOR]: 0.146 (0.05, 0.405)] and Chronic pelvic pain [AOR]: 18.7 (3.6, 94)]. More than one third of cases (33.9%) reported that perceived causes of infertility were punishment from God/Allah. Conclusion and recommendation: Being Rural residence, husband engaged in high temperature occupation, eating diet enriched with saturated fat, not undergoing adequate sex, Menstruation flow greater than 3 days, Ever used contraceptives and Chronic pelvic pain were identified as determinants of women’s primary infertility. Therefore we recommend all married women to take treatment of any gynecological diseases like pelvic inflammatory disease.
Abstract: Primary infertility is denoted for those women who have not been conceived previously. There are many biological causes of infertility such as ovulatory factors, utero-tubal peritoneal factor, semen migration factor and the male factor respectively. However, comprehensive epidemiological studies on the risk factors for primary infertility are not w...
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