Natural Deep-Seated Hydrogen Resources Exploration and Development: Structural Features, Governing Factors, and Controls
Vitaly Vidavskiy,
Reza Rezaee
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 3, September 2022
Pages:
60-81
Received:
13 June 2022
Accepted:
29 June 2022
Published:
18 July 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.jenr.20221103.11
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Abstract: The interest towards natural, or subsurface, sources of hydrogen is gaining momentum among the scientific and the industrial communities: the former is anxiously looking for the guidelines to de-risk its exploration and development operations, while the latter is trying to match the (mainstream) concepts with this new commodity physical and geochemical properties, which are quite different from the conventional ones (hydrocarbons, etc.). Apparently, it is time for new, alternative concepts capable of resolving the existing discrepancies and offering plausible solutions for removing the obstacles currently existing in the way of this new industry. Currently, the goal is formalized as (i) analyze the vast dataset existing for natural hydrogen shows, and (ii) to provide practical recommendations for natural hydrogen resources’ exploration, aiming commercial sources discovery and exploitation. In this lieu, this research attempts to identify and classify the principles of natural hydrogen provenance and distribution within the lithosphere, as well as its manifestations on the surface. While explaining the scientific basics of the subject in commonly acceptable terms, the authors bring the theoretical part of the discussion to the bare minimum, at the same time concentrating on the practical implications and outcomes. This study analyzes the majority of known natural hydrogen cases in Australia and compares them with several examples known around the globe. The main controls, such as structural, stratigraphical, lithological, geochemical, and tectonic elements are reviewed and ranked. Several commonly accepted conceptual points are confirmed, while others are questioned and debated. The most typical patterns are outlined and interpreted; the practical leads resulting from these patterns are discussed. For the main outcome, the paper attempts offering the well-founded and logically verified scientific basis for the players to get their next steps coherent and reasonably justified. In conclusion, the authors provide more clarity for the audience in regards to natural deep-seated hydrogen distribution patterns in the Earth crust, being the cornerstone for this new commodity development business model/s.
Abstract: The interest towards natural, or subsurface, sources of hydrogen is gaining momentum among the scientific and the industrial communities: the former is anxiously looking for the guidelines to de-risk its exploration and development operations, while the latter is trying to match the (mainstream) concepts with this new commodity physical and geochem...
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Investigation of Local Inhibitor for Dissociating Hydrate Formation in Offshore Flowlines in Nigeria
Usoro Samuel Emmanuel,
Uche Osokogwu
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 3, September 2022
Pages:
82-94
Received:
10 February 2022
Accepted:
12 April 2022
Published:
28 September 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.jenr.20221103.12
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Abstract: Gas hydrate has been one the major flow assurance challenges in natural gas production, storage and delivery to the end users. The aim of this research was to conduct an experimental investigation of a locally formulated chemical for the inhibition of gas hydrates. The research entails identifying an adequate local inhibitor using an n-vinyl caprolactam (N-VCAP) as additives with pressure/temperature analysis to assess the effectiveness of the formulated local inhibitor. In this study, experiments were conducted using a mini loop with a diameter of 0.5inch and total length of 12 m. In the experiments, local materials were used to create “Sample A” a biodegradable and water-soluble hydrate inhibitor. Experiments were further carried out to establish that the local inhibitor has a high inhibitory potential as compared to traditional inhibitors, N-Vinylcaprolactam (N-VCap). Different weight percentages of these inhibitors tested were 0.01wt%, 0.02wt%, 0.03wt%, 0.04wt%, 0.05wt%, 0.06wt%, and 0.07wt%. Plots of pressure, temperature and time of the formulated and conventional inhibitors were made and the results obtained were analyzed. 0.01wt%, 0.02wt% 0.04wt%, 0.05wt%, 0.06wt%, and 0.07wt% of Sample A clearly showed better inhibitory performance than the conventional ones. Sample A is environmentally friendly, biodegradable, affordable, efficient, and water soluble. As a result, it has been approved for field testing.
Abstract: Gas hydrate has been one the major flow assurance challenges in natural gas production, storage and delivery to the end users. The aim of this research was to conduct an experimental investigation of a locally formulated chemical for the inhibition of gas hydrates. The research entails identifying an adequate local inhibitor using an n-vinyl caprol...
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Investigating Effects of Tubing Sizes on Hydrocarbon Recovery in Niger Delta
Humphrey Nnenna Amah,
Uche Osokogwu
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 3, September 2022
Pages:
95-106
Received:
10 February 2022
Accepted:
4 March 2022
Published:
28 September 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.jenr.20221103.13
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Abstract: This research employed a qualitative system of analysis that incorporates both nodal and economic analysis of distinct tubing sizes, their flow rates and pressure sensitivity, using tubing performance and four distinct economic profitability indicators. Furthermore, the four-profitability indicators were subjected to a cause factor sensitivity test. Results of the nodal analysis and tubing size sensitivity showed increasing flow rates with increasing tubing size from 1.90-inch tubing size to 4.275-inch and plateaued with highest flow rates within the ranges of 4.75-inch to 5.70-inch and then declined in ranges greater than 6.0-inch. while pressure sensitivity showed relative pressure decrease with increasing tubing size showing lowest pressure points within 4.75-inch to 5.70-inch tubing sizes and then increased in ranges greater than 6.0-inch. Economic profitability analysis was carried out on the tubing sizes using CAPEX, tubing cost and oil production rate through four profitability indicators which includes; NPV, IRR, PI and PP. The outcome of the analysis aided the determination of an optimal tubing size of 5.225-inch ranking it highest in all four utilized profitability tools amongst all four analyzed tubing sizes.
Abstract: This research employed a qualitative system of analysis that incorporates both nodal and economic analysis of distinct tubing sizes, their flow rates and pressure sensitivity, using tubing performance and four distinct economic profitability indicators. Furthermore, the four-profitability indicators were subjected to a cause factor sensitivity test...
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