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Research Article
Success of Artificial Insemination in Rural Area Cows
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, December 2024
Pages:
82-91
Received:
29 August 2024
Accepted:
20 September 2024
Published:
18 October 2024
Abstract: Biotechnologies of reproduction like artificial insemination were identified as a mean to intensify the local production. Therefore, some factors are still responsible to the failure of their applications in rural area. This survey was conducted from April to June 2023, to evaluate the effects of age, body weight, body condition score (BCS), calving rank, postpartum to artificial insemination interval and feed complementation on the success rate of artificial insemination in females Goudali. Thus, activities took place at two peri-urban livestock farms in the town of Ngaoundéré, in the Adamaoua region of Cameroon where 34 cows were concerned. The selected cows have an average of 8.21±2.41 years old, a body weight of 343±52.28 kg, a body condition score of 3.23±0.55, a calving rank of 2.21±1.22 and a postpartum to insemination interval of 4.39±1.40 months. The induction and synchronization of estrus were carried out based on the PRID-PGF2α-PMSG protocol which allowed to obtain a synchronization rate of 97.06% and the insemination were done 56-57 hours after the previous operation, with an imported semen of Brahman bull. During rectal palpation and early pregnancy diagnosis based on progesterone level measurement, the result shown that, 20 cows out of 33 inseminated were pregnant. The success rate of artificial insemination recorded was 60.6%. Amongst all the studied factors, analysis shown no significant (P> 0.05) effect on the success rate after artificial insemination. Thus, recommendations were made to popularize the use of artificial insemination and early pregnancy diagnosis test as a mean to improve reproductive performances of local farms. However, studies must be done to evaluate the cost of their applications in rural areas.
Abstract: Biotechnologies of reproduction like artificial insemination were identified as a mean to intensify the local production. Therefore, some factors are still responsible to the failure of their applications in rural area. This survey was conducted from April to June 2023, to evaluate the effects of age, body weight, body condition score (BCS), calvin...
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Research Article
Aspects of Growth, Diet, and Reproduction of Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) in a Hypertrophic Milieu, the Municipal Lake of Yaoundé, Cameroon
Françoise Danielle Messu-Mandeng*
,
Marguerite Nomo-Leka,
Judif Nlend-Batum
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, December 2024
Pages:
92-105
Received:
11 September 2024
Accepted:
4 October 2024
Published:
12 November 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijast.20240804.12
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Abstract: The Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, is a highly valued fish species in Africa for subsistence and commercial purposes. However, overfishing activities in non-supervised lakes or reservoirs threaten its availability. In the view of contributing to the database on the life history traits of this species in Cameroon and supporting its sustainable management, the present study investigated the growth patterns, food preferences, and reproductive aspects of O. niloticus in a hypertrophic milieu, the Yaoundé Municipal Lake, from May to October 2018. Fish specimens were sampled, measured, weighed, and sexed. The digestive tract of each specimen and the females’ gonads were collected. The intestines were measured, and the stomach contents were identified. The females’ reproductive aspects were determined. Overall, 101 specimens were collected and distributed among 48 (47.5%) males and 53 (52.5%) females, with a sex ratio of 1: 1.1. In this hypoxic (1.35 ± 0.4 mg/L) and highly conductive (210.5 ± 56.9 µS/cm) milieu, O. niloticus displayed a relatively good condition (Kn > 1) throughout the sampling period and negative allometric growth patterns for both sexes (b < 3; p < 0.001). Materials from plant origin were the preferred prey types, with an index of relative importance (IRI) of 78.20%; meanwhile, mud and materials from animal origin were secondary prey items (IRI: 13 ‒ 17%). The relative gut length (RGL) value above 3.0 and the foraging activity on detritus suggest that O. niloticus has an herbivorous or detritivorous dietary habit and is a bottom-feeder. Female length at first maturity (L50) was 17 cm. Their gonado-somatic index (GSI) showed sexual activity throughout the whole sampling period, with the peak spawning phase happening in August. The absolute fecundity of gravid females varied between 316 and 1816 oocytes (942 ± 430 oocytes), and the relative fecundity ranged from 1–5 oocytes/gram of body weight (3 ±1 oocytes/g). The results highlight the performance of the Nile tilapia in this ecosystem and provide information for its sustainable use and improvement of fish culture.
Abstract: The Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, is a highly valued fish species in Africa for subsistence and commercial purposes. However, overfishing activities in non-supervised lakes or reservoirs threaten its availability. In the view of contributing to the database on the life history traits of this species in Cameroon and supporting its sustainable...
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Review Article
Additive and Non-additive Genetic Effects on Growth and Egg Production Performance of Crossbred Chicken in Ethiopia
Shambel Taye*,
Mahilet Dawit
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, December 2024
Pages:
106-111
Received:
4 October 2024
Accepted:
4 November 2024
Published:
28 November 2024
Abstract: The present review article aims to provide an overview of the additive and non-additive genetic effects of crossbreeding and their contribution to the improvement of growth and egg production traits in chickens. It discusses the advancement in crossbreeding effects and mating design contribution to a significant rate of genetic progress in indigenous chicken. In Ethiopia, crossbreeding practice may be used to enhance the performance of local chicken ecotypes. The article extensively reviews various papers related to crossbreeding trials conducted in Ethiopia, evaluating their effectiveness in improving growth and egg production. It discusses the mating design and breeds used in these programs, such as exotic breeds like Rhode Island Red, Fayoumi, White Leghorn, Koekoek, Sasso, Kuroiler, and local Ethiopian chicken ecotypes. Among the exotic breeds involved in crossbreeding, Rhode Island Red and Sasso are considered more favorable for improving growth rate and color preference, while White Leghorn is preferred for enhancing egg production traits. In opposite to these indigenous chickens are preferred for disease resistance and product quality. Additive genetic effects are typically responsible for the genetic improvement of traits over generations through selection. In egg production, additive genetic effects influence the overall capacity of a chicken to lay eggs, affecting traits like egg number and egg size. Whereas, In growth performance, additive genetic effects influence traits like body weight gain, feed conversion efficiency, and overall growth rate. Non-additive genetic effects include dominance and epistatic interactions between genes. These effects can lead to genetic heterogeneity and can impact traits like egg production and growth performance besides playing a role in hybrid vigor or heterosis. In conclusion, both additive and non-additive genetic effects play a crucial role in determining egg production and growth performance in chickens. Additive effects drive genetic improvement over generations, while non-additive effects provide immediate benefits like hybrid vigor. Understanding and utilizing both types of genetic effects is essential for enhancing these traits in poultry breeding programs. Chicken crossbreeding programs are highly important in the poultry industry as they continuously improve the genetic potential of chickens, leading to more efficient production systems and higher profitability for producers.
Abstract: The present review article aims to provide an overview of the additive and non-additive genetic effects of crossbreeding and their contribution to the improvement of growth and egg production traits in chickens. It discusses the advancement in crossbreeding effects and mating design contribution to a significant rate of genetic progress in indigeno...
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Research Article
Using New Adsorbent Georgian Bentonite Clay “Askangel” in Trout Feed
Tornike Lashkarashvili*,
Amros Chkuaseli
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, December 2024
Pages:
112-118
Received:
30 October 2024
Accepted:
11 November 2024
Published:
10 December 2024
Abstract: The purpose of this research was to study the effectiveness of bentonite clay of aluminosilicate origin (Askangel) from Georgia as a natural adsorbent of mycotoxins in aquaculture, specifically in trout feeding. The study was conducted on rainbow trout divided into three test groups, each receiving different percentages of Askangel (0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2%) in their feed. A synthetic adsorbent was added at 0.1% to the control group’s feed. At the end of the experiment, the weight gain for fish was as follows: 205±0,62 g in the IV test group and 203±0,72 g in the III test group, 189±0,85 g in the II test group, and 175 ±0,83 g in the control group. Fish survival rates were 97% in the III and IV test groups, 95% in the II test group, and 92% in the control group. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was 0.9-0.92 in the III and IV test groups, 1 in the II test group, and 1.1 in the control group. The adsorption rate of aflatoxin B1 reached 83-90% in the III and IV test groups, while T2/HT2 mycotoxin adsorption was 12.5-14%. In the II test group, the adsorption rate for B1 was 76.4%, and for T2/HT2 it was 10%. In the control group, the adsorption rates were 68.1% for B1 and 7.1% for T2/HT2. Overall, the results indicate that Askangel serves as an effective mycotoxin adsorbent, positively influencing the growth, health, and chemical composition of trout meat, as well as enhancing its taste properties.
Abstract: The purpose of this research was to study the effectiveness of bentonite clay of aluminosilicate origin (Askangel) from Georgia as a natural adsorbent of mycotoxins in aquaculture, specifically in trout feeding. The study was conducted on rainbow trout divided into three test groups, each receiving different percentages of Askangel (0.1%, 0.15%, 0....
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