Research Article
Carbohydrate Separation Using the Core-Shell Ion-Exchange Resin St-80 with Different Numbers of Methylene Groups in the Porous Shell and a Constant Cross-Linking Degree
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, February 2025
Pages:
1-10
Received:
3 December 2024
Accepted:
16 December 2024
Published:
17 January 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijpc.20251101.11
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Abstract: Clarifying the relationship between the molecular structure of ion-exchange resins and the elution of carbohydrates is essential for analyses using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). From the perspective of novel resin development, we evaluated the effect of the number of methylene groups in the functional chain of the porous polymer shell on carbohydrate separation. Core-shell ion-exchange resins with a monomer weight ratio of 20:80 (denoted as St-80) were synthesized with a constant cross-linking degree of 55%. The number of methylene groups in the functional chain of the porous polymer shell was varied from two to six for analyses of carbohydrate separation performance under strong alkaline conditions. A mixture of inositol, glucose, fructose, and sucrose was separated using a 0.10 or 0.15 mol/L NaOH eluent at flow rates of 0.3–0.7 mL/min. The retention times were compared among St-80 variants with different numbers of methylene groups in the porous layer. As the number of methylene groups increased, the retention times of each carbohydrate for St-80(Me:4) at flow rates of 0.3–0.7 mL/min with 0.10 mol/L NaOH eluent increased slightly. The theoretical plate numbers of glucose and fructose at flow rates of 0.5 and 0.7 mL/min decreased as the number of methylene groups decreased from six to two. These results suggest that St-80 core-shell ion-exchange resins are highly efficient for carbohydrate analyses. Their suitability for strongly alkaline conditions allows their effective use in electrochemical detection.
Abstract: Clarifying the relationship between the molecular structure of ion-exchange resins and the elution of carbohydrates is essential for analyses using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). From the perspective of novel resin development, we evaluated the effect of the number of methylene groups in the functional chain of the porous polymer sh...
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Research Article
Selective COX-2 Inhibitors --- A Valuable Tool for COVID-19 Management
Dairong Wang*
,
Kevin Tomera
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, February 2025
Pages:
11-15
Received:
2 December 2024
Accepted:
4 January 2025
Published:
21 January 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijpc.20251101.12
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Abstract: Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) is highly induced during coronavirus (COVID-19) infection. We believe selective COX-2 inhibition shall be a valuable tool to reduce virus toxicity in related patients. Dexamethasone, one of potent selective COX-2 inhibitors, has been used successfully in the standard care for patients with COVID-19. Given that low-dose dexamethasone inhibits thrombosis, reduces the death rate by one-third in patients with severe COVID, and is in the same dose range for effective COX-2 inhibition, we believe that vascular COX-2 is coupled to thrombosis and it is critical to selectively inhibit COX-2 to avoid tissue damage and death in patients. We should take efforts to replace dexamethasone with non-steroidal selective COX-2 inhibitors such as celecoxib (Celebrex) and etoricoxib (Arcoxia) to avoid steroidal side effects. For detailed in vivo COX-2 analysis in the vasculature and other organs, we should leverage tools such as conditional knockout animal models to avoid cardiovascular congestion caused by renal COX-2 disruption. Detailed preclinic and clinic studies will help to develop selective COX-2 inhibition therapies for consistent applications across the population.
Abstract: Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) is highly induced during coronavirus (COVID-19) infection. We believe selective COX-2 inhibition shall be a valuable tool to reduce virus toxicity in related patients. Dexamethasone, one of potent selective COX-2 inhibitors, has been used successfully in the standard care for patients with COVID-19. Given that low-dose dexa...
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Communication
New Properties of Phosphorus to Zinc Elements - Exploration of Energy Conversion Characteristics Based on Electromagnetic Signal Transmission in Semiconductor Devices
Wen Feng,
Peng Yabin,
Zhang Ling*
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, February 2025
Pages:
16-21
Received:
12 December 2024
Accepted:
6 January 2025
Published:
22 January 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijpc.20251101.13
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Abstract: This study aims to explore novel properties of phosphorus (P) to zinc (Zn) elements. On the basis of previous work, we have explored the properties of elements ranging from H to Si. And the chemical elements belong layered, with P to Zn defined as the fourth layer to be researched using a contemporary industrial perspective. Since the late 19th century, there has been a progression in the application of electricity and magnetism to motor technology, leading to the evolution of computer systems capable of receiving, processing, and displaying external signals. These functionalities are recognized as attributes of the P element, serving as sensor modules for energy conversion. Subsequently, the establishment of a global production system through the utilization of the Internet and the Internet of Things has facilitated the growth of the biomedical industry within a vast industrial framework. This framework is characterized as the essence of the S element, functioning as an amplifier module for energy conversion. These 16 elements perform higher-level functions and can be seen as various processes for energy conversion in electromagnetic equipment, exemplified by biological signal transduction. They correspond to semiconductor chip fields such as from sensors and amplification circuits to displays and printing. This exploration is poised to enhance comprehension of the distinctive properties inherent in these elements.
Abstract: This study aims to explore novel properties of phosphorus (P) to zinc (Zn) elements. On the basis of previous work, we have explored the properties of elements ranging from H to Si. And the chemical elements belong layered, with P to Zn defined as the fourth layer to be researched using a contemporary industrial perspective. Since the late 19th cen...
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Research Article
Evaluation of the Quality of Artemether-Lumefantrine-based Antimalarials from the Illicit Ivorian Market in West Africa
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, February 2025
Pages:
22-30
Received:
30 December 2024
Accepted:
10 January 2025
Published:
24 January 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijpc.20251101.14
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Abstract: Background: Counterfeit and substandard medicines represent a severe public health issue, particularly in developing nations where their prevalence exacerbates disease resistance and economic challenges. In addition, many deaths in Côte d'Ivoire could be avoided each year if the drugs prescribed against malaria were compliant with regulations and able to effectively treat the disease. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the quality of artemether-lumefantrine antimalarial combination on the Ivorian illicit market using the GPHF-Minilab® kit. Methods: A total of 15 samples were analyzed through visual inspection, disintegration testing, and TLC for qualitative and semi-quantitative assessments. Results: The findings reveal significant non-conformities, including 20% of samples lacking manufacturer information, 7% without accompanying instructions, and 20% with physical degradation. 93% of samples disintegrated within 30 minutes, meeting pharmacopoeial standards. One sample exceeded the recommended time, indicating substandard manufacturing. Most samples (67%) met active ingredient quantity requirements, but 26% were underdosed, and 7% were overdosed, highlighting manufacturing and storage deficiencies. In view of these results, it appears that the Artemether-lumefantrine drugs seized on the illegal market in Côte d'Ivoire are not of good quality. Conclusion: The GPHF-Minilab® proves a reliable tool for identifying substandard and counterfeit drugs in resource-limited settings, though further validation is required for broader applications. These results underscore the need for stringent regulatory frameworks, public education, and expanded quality control initiatives.
Abstract: Background: Counterfeit and substandard medicines represent a severe public health issue, particularly in developing nations where their prevalence exacerbates disease resistance and economic challenges. In addition, many deaths in Côte d'Ivoire could be avoided each year if the drugs prescribed against malaria were compliant with regulations and a...
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