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Research Article
Forage Yield and Nutritive Values of Vetches Grown as a Sole and Intercropped with Desho Grass at Different Row Spacing in Western Oromia, Ethiopia
Yerosan Wekgari*
,
Fikre Dereba
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, June 2024
Pages:
71-82
Received:
22 April 2024
Accepted:
15 May 2024
Published:
30 May 2024
Abstract: Legume forage, like vetches, is an important feed source for animals as a supplement to low-quality feeds. This study was conducted to evaluate the forage yield and nutritional values of vetches intercropped at various spacings of desho grass. The study was designed in a factorial arrangement with a randomized complete block design with three inter-row spaces (0.50 m, 0.75 m, and 1 m) and intercropping two vetches (Vicia sativa ICARDA 61509 and Vicia dasycarpa lana) and desho grass with three replications. Agronomic parameters, forage and seed yield, chemical analysis, and in vitro digestibility of vetch forage samples were determined. Results showed that significant differences (p<0.05) were observed for all measured agronomic parameters of vetches, except leaf length, due to spacing and interaction effects. Dry matter yield of vetch (DMY) was only affected by row spacing, while crude protein yield (CPY) was affected by row spacing and their interactions. Higher DMY (3.87 - 4.04 t/ha) and CPY (0.74 - 0.79 t/ha) were obtained from solely grown vetches as compared to intercropped vetches (2.26 - 2.42 t/ha and 0.417 - 0.423 t/ha), respectively. Forage yield significantly decreased as row spacing increased. Seed yield decreased as the row space increased, and the yield obtained from Vicia sativa ICARDA 61509 was higher (0.6 and 1.23 t/ha) than Vicia dasycarpa lana (0.41 and 0.82 t/ha) when either intercropped with desho grass or sown alone, respectively. The interaction of intercropping with spacing unaffected vetch's chemical composition. However, crude protein (CP) and acid detergent lignin of vetches were influenced by intercropping, whereas CP, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber were affected by spacing (p<0.05). Intercropped Vicia dasycarpa gave higher in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), in vitro organic matter digestibility, and metabolizable energy than Vicia sativa, and IVDMD increased as row spacing increased from 0.5 to 1 m.
Abstract: Legume forage, like vetches, is an important feed source for animals as a supplement to low-quality feeds. This study was conducted to evaluate the forage yield and nutritional values of vetches intercropped at various spacings of desho grass. The study was designed in a factorial arrangement with a randomized complete block design with three inter...
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Research Article
Effects of Climate-Smart Agriculture on Smallholder Farmers in the Eastern Province of Zambia
Veronica Nanyangwe,
Royd Tembo*
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, June 2024
Pages:
83-99
Received:
4 May 2024
Accepted:
20 May 2024
Published:
30 May 2024
Abstract: Climate change is one of the distressful environmental challenges the world has been grappling with in recent times as it affects crop production, among other economic activities. The Eastern Province of Zambia has not been spared by crop failure resulting from climate-induced effects. As a result, the Zambia Integrated Forest Landscape Project (ZIFLP) implemented climate-smart agriculture (CSA) in the Eastern Province, from the first quarter of 2018 to the first quarter of 2024, which aimed to improve smallholder farmers' resilience to the effects of climate change on crop productivity. However, the effects of the CSA techniques on crop productivity were scientifically unclear. Therefore, this study used a mixed-methods approach to investigate the effects of CSA on crop productivity of the 106 smallholder farmers as questionnaire respondents and five District Agriculture Co-ordinators as key informants for interviews. The results revealed that all the respondents (100%) were aware of CSA in their communities, and about two-fifths (42%) of them, who formed the majority, practised crop rotation the most. Almost all the respondents (96%) viewed CSA as an important agricultural intervention in their communities in light of the adverse effects of climate change. Two-thirds (66%) of the respondents, who were the majority, acknowledge that the CSA techniques increased crop yield. The maize crop tonnage Mean (M = 7.70) after the respondents’ implementation of CSA was statistically significantly higher than the maize crop tonnage Mean (M = 3.82) before the respondents implemented CSA, signifying that the respondents produced more tonnage of maize crops after they implemented CSA than before. The study concludes that CSA in the Eastern Province of Zambia is an intervention through which smallholder farmers were helped to enhance their crop productivity in light of the devastating effects of climate change. Therefore, the study recommends continuity of financial and technical support of CSA by the Zambian government or cooperating partners or both; refresher training for smallholder farmers in CSA; and improvement in the agricultural extension system.
Abstract: Climate change is one of the distressful environmental challenges the world has been grappling with in recent times as it affects crop production, among other economic activities. The Eastern Province of Zambia has not been spared by crop failure resulting from climate-induced effects. As a result, the Zambia Integrated Forest Landscape Project (ZI...
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Review Article
Review on Status of Tomato Leaf Miner and It’s Management Practices
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, June 2024
Pages:
100-112
Received:
5 January 2024
Accepted:
26 January 2024
Published:
6 June 2024
Abstract: Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is one of the most important edible and nutritious vegetable crops of the world. It is consumed as fresh table tomato and as raw material for food processing industries It grows both on a small and commercial large scale as cash crop. Tomato production is highly constrained by several factors including insect pests and disease. The most important insect pest that is constraining tomato production tomato leaf miner- Tuta absoluta (Meyrick). Tuta absoluta is one of the most devastating tomato leaf miner and it spreads extensively in almost all parts of the world. Tomato leaf miner is a pest of other Solanaceous crops in many vegetable crop growing areas around the world. It is a serious threat for tomato production and it results in highest damage. T. absoluta has fast growth rate with developmental stages of egg, larvae, pupa, and adult and it adapts to different environmental conditions. A larva is the most destructive one that consumes preferably leaves stems and fruits of the tomato plant on which they develop creating mines and galleries. by hiding within mesophyll of the plant tissues. To control tuta absoluta focused on different environmental friendly approaches that inclusively termed as IPM strategies. These are cultural practices, biopesticides, and biological using parasitoids, predators, inheritance sterility development in insect and pest resistant plant cultivar production are considered as promising alternatives to control T. absoluta. Therefore, this review briefly describes the current status of these methods used to design suitable and sustainable management strategies against T. absoluta. The aim of this review paper is describing the status of the pest and its control methods.
Abstract: Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is one of the most important edible and nutritious vegetable crops of the world. It is consumed as fresh table tomato and as raw material for food processing industries It grows both on a small and commercial large scale as cash crop. Tomato production is highly constrained by several factors including insect ...
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Research Article
Response of the Newly Released Shaga Rice Variety to Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates in Vertisols of Fogera and Achefer Plain, North Western Ethiopia
Zelalem Tadesse*,
Habtamu Assega,
Christian Tafere
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, June 2024
Pages:
113-125
Received:
25 April 2024
Accepted:
16 May 2024
Published:
6 June 2024
Abstract: An experiment was conducted at Fogera and Achefer in the year 2020/21 and 2021/22 cropping seasons. Treatments were comprised of factorial combinations of five N levels (0, 92, 184, 276 and 368 kg ha-1) and four P2O5 levels (0, 23, 46 & 92 kg ha-1) replicated three times in RCB Design. The objective of the experiment was to determine economically optimum rates of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer on yield and yield components of shaga rice variety. Data were collected on plant height, panicle length, number of tillers, number of fertile panicles, thousand seeds weight, grain yield, straw yield, and harvest index. All collected data were subjected to analysis of variance. Economic analysis was also done for yield. The combined analysis of the two years result showed that very highly (P<0.001) significant effect on plant height, number of total tillers per row meter length. And number of fertile panicles per row meter length, grain yield, and straw yield. most of yield component parameters and highly significantly affecting number of filled grain per panicle and number of tillers per row meter length. The highest grain yield (4.76 and 6.56 t ha-1) was obtained at 184-46 N- P2O5 kg ha-1 in Fogera and Achefer, respectively. The economic analysis has exhibited that the combined application of 184-46 N- P2O5 kg ha-1 is the most profitable treatment, with a mean net benefit of 74430.00- and 115994.00-Birr ha-1 for Fogera and Achefer, respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded that application of nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizers at rates of 184-46 N- P2O5 kg ha-1 is the best recommended rate for rainfed lowland shaga rice variety in Fogera and Achefer plains and other similar agroecology.
Abstract: An experiment was conducted at Fogera and Achefer in the year 2020/21 and 2021/22 cropping seasons. Treatments were comprised of factorial combinations of five N levels (0, 92, 184, 276 and 368 kg ha-1) and four P2O5 levels (0, 23, 46 & 92 kg ha-1) replicated three times in RCB Design. The objective of the experiment was to determine economically o...
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Research Article
Effect of Various Improved Technology in Wheat Production Zone of Nepal
Mahara Ganesh*,
Karki Anju
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, June 2024
Pages:
126-137
Received:
11 May 2024
Accepted:
27 May 2024
Published:
6 June 2024
Abstract: The study was held in 2024 in the Kailari, Gauriganga, Godawari, and Dhangadhi local level of Kailali District of Nepal to evaluate and identify the factors impacting the adoption of a number of sophisticated technologies in the research area. Data were collected from 200 respondents utilizing a semi-structured interview form, using simple random selection. The factors influencing the adoption of better technologies in wheat production were identified using a logistic regression model. Age, gender, ethnicity, and area of cultivation are socioeconomic elements that have been linked to the adoption of appropriate agricultural practices, as well as training, technical advice, and membership. The adoption of seed replacement was positively significant (P<0.1) as a result of the training. The adoption of seed varieties was positively significant (P<0.05) for cultivated area. The farmers who were involved in farmer groups or Cooperative had 2.209 times higher odds for the adoption of improved seed compared to the odds for farmers who were not involved in farmer groups. Advice from the technician had a positively significant (P<0.05) impact on the date of sowing. The use of more frequent irrigation was positively significant (P<0.05) in relation to the age of the household head. The split nitrogen application was positively significantly influenced by super zone membership (P<0.05).
Abstract: The study was held in 2024 in the Kailari, Gauriganga, Godawari, and Dhangadhi local level of Kailali District of Nepal to evaluate and identify the factors impacting the adoption of a number of sophisticated technologies in the research area. Data were collected from 200 respondents utilizing a semi-structured interview form, using simple random s...
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Research Article
Response of Malt Barley (Hordeum distichum L.) to Different Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates and Irrigation Levels Under Furrow Irrigation Methods in South Eastern Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, June 2024
Pages:
138-148
Received:
22 February 2024
Accepted:
25 March 2024
Published:
29 June 2024
Abstract: Nutrient availability to crops is a function of soil type, moisture condition, environment, crop type, and management and their interaction affects nutrient use efficiencies and crop growth conditions. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum P rate and deficit irrigation level, as well as to identify the interactive effect of nutrient and moisture levels on yield and yield quality malt barley under irrigation in Ormiya region Tiyo district. The experiment was conducted at small plot level for three consecutive years from 2020/21 to 2022/23 G.C. This experiment was conducted at Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center On-Station arranged by split-plot layout with RCBD design by three replications. Irrigation amounts (100%, 75% and 50%) were assigned the main plot and phosphorus fertilizer rates (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 kg) corresponded to the subplot. The combined effect of irrigation levels and phosphorus fertilizer rate had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on malt barely grain yield, above-ground biomass, thousand kernel weight and water productivity but not on plant height, seeds per spike and protein content. The highest grain yield and above-ground biomass were 3.16 t/ha and 6.77 t/ha obtained from the application of 100% ETc with 30 kg of phosphorus fertilizer. The maximum water productivity (0.97 kg/m3) was observeat the application of 75% ETc with 30 kg of Phosphorus fertilizer while more profitable practice was found at 100% ETc with 30 kg of phosphorus application. The highest protein content (15.57%) was observed at the application of 50% deficit irrigation and the lowest (14.66%) was observed at 100% ETc irrigation application. Applying the optimum amount of irrigation with 30 Kg phosphorus fertilizer gives high grain and above biomass yield and is economically profitable in Tiyo district and agroecologies similar to Tiyo.
Abstract: Nutrient availability to crops is a function of soil type, moisture condition, environment, crop type, and management and their interaction affects nutrient use efficiencies and crop growth conditions. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum P rate and deficit irrigation level, as well as to identify the interactive effect of nutri...
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