Research Article
Preparation of 3-Anisidine–Cyclodextrin Doped Silver Nanomaterials and Investigation of 3AS–CD Inclusion Complex at Different pH
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, June 2026
Pages:
41-51
Received:
11 March 2026
Accepted:
23 March 2026
Published:
13 April 2026
Abstract: The spectral properties of the silver–3-anisidine–cyclodextrin (Ag: 3AS: CD) inclusion complex nanomaterials in solution were investigated using UV–visible, steady-state fluorescence, time-resolved fluorescence, SEM, DSC, FTIR, XRD, 1H NMR, and molecular modeling methods. The distinct spectral changes observed for 3AS upon the addition of CDs at different pH values indicate that the geometries of the resulting inclusion complexes vary with pH. While 3AS exhibits a single emission maximum in solvents and in α-CD, a dual emission is observed in β-CD. The lifetimes of the inclusion complexes were longer than that of the free 3AS molecule. The relatively narrow cavity of α-CD likely restricts the free rotation of the amino or methoxy groups of 3AS, inhibiting ICT-state formation and thereby enhancing the normal emission. The calculated HOMO–LUMO energy gap, total energy, free energy, enthalpy, entropy, dipole moment, and zero-point vibrational energy of the CD: 3AS complex differed significantly from those of the isolated 3AS, α-CD and β-CD molecules, and both the vertical and horizontal bond lengths between the amino and methoxy groups are smaller than the β-CD cavity size confirming the formation of an inclusion complex. SEM images and EDX analysis confirm the presence of silver in the Ag: 3AS: β-CD nanomaterials. In the FTIR spectra, most characteristic peaks diminish or disappear, accompanied by a marked decrease in intensity for the Ag: 3AS: CD nanocomplexes, suggesting strong interactions between 3AS and nano silver. The 1H NMR chemical shifts of 3AS protons move both upfield and downfield indicating restricted mobility and strong host–guest interactions within the nano Ag–CD matrix.
Abstract: The spectral properties of the silver–3-anisidine–cyclodextrin (Ag: 3AS: CD) inclusion complex nanomaterials in solution were investigated using UV–visible, steady-state fluorescence, time-resolved fluorescence, SEM, DSC, FTIR, XRD, 1H NMR, and molecular modeling methods. The distinct spectral changes observed for 3AS upon the addition of CDs at di...
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Research Article
Structural, Morphological, Magnetic, and Electrical Properties of ZrFe2−xBixO5 Nanoparticles (x = 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00) Synthesized via Sol-gel Auto-Combustion
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, June 2026
Pages:
52-63
Received:
1 June 2026
Accepted:
10 June 2026
Published:
26 June 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajn.20261002.12
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Abstract: ZrFe2−xBixO5 (x = 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00) nanoparticles were synthesized using Sol-gel auto-combustion method and their structural, morphological, magnetic, and frequency-dependent electrical properties were systematically characterized at room temperature. X-ray diffraction analysis confirms single phase monoclinic C2/c formation for every composition, the principal interplanar spacing increases linearly from 2.9503 Å to 3.0034 Å, crystallite size decreases from 32.1 to 16.7 nm, and dislocation density grows nearly four times as x advances to unity. Scanning electron microscopy reveals a progressive transition from large, irregularly agglomerated grains to a finer, more densely packed nanoparticulate microstructure. All M-H loops measured over ±10 kOe identify soft ferromagnetic, multi-domain behavior (S < 0.5 throughout); saturation magnetization plummets from 16.46 to 1.67 emu g−1 while the coercive field rises from 102.24 to 182.22 G. Impedance measurements (100 Hz - 10 MHz) show that bulk resistance increases ten times over the substitution range, Nyquist plots fit to a two element equivalent circuit of two CPE-resistor pairs in series, and the extracted grain and grain-boundary resistances rise monotonically with x, establishing that Bi3+ incorporation progressively depletes the Fe3+/Fe2+ charge carrier pool. The dielectric constant follows Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars behavior and decreases with both frequency and Bi content, while AC conductivity spectra display a characteristic dual-peak pattern attributed to space-charge polarization at grain boundaries at low frequency and grain-interior Fe hopping at high frequency, both peaks diminishes with increasing Bi content. The correlated structure-property picture presented here establishes the Bi-substituted ZrFe2O5 system as a candidate for compositionally tunable soft-magnetic and dielectric applications.
Abstract: ZrFe2−xBixO5 (x = 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00) nanoparticles were synthesized using Sol-gel auto-combustion method and their structural, morphological, magnetic, and frequency-dependent electrical properties were systematically characterized at room temperature. X-ray diffraction analysis confirms single phase monoclinic C2/c formation for every comp...
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,
Ayyadurai Mani
