The Precautionary Principle and the Protection of Biological Diversity
Carlos Ignacio González Arruti
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, March 2022
Pages:
1-10
Received:
12 November 2021
Accepted:
25 December 2021
Published:
8 January 2022
Abstract: Trade in safe and healthy foods is essential for businesses, authorities and consumers throughout the world. When drafting food policies, states should ensure that they provide protection for people’s lives and health, as well as saving social and economic interests on a national and international level. Over the last few decades, scientific developments and technological innovations have enabled us to achieve extraordinary successes in our mastery of technology with a view to improving our quality of life. In this context, biotechnology has opened up a wealth of solutions to problems in sectors such as healthcare, industry, agriculture and the environment. Perhaps the greatest challenge facing humankind is to achieve sustained global economic growth while ensuring environmental protection and conservation and food security for future generations. Environmental policy is today one of the most important social challenges for public authorities and economic agents. It is a very sensitive issue in public opinion as it directly affects well-being and health. The precautionary principle, for its part, arises as a consequence of seeking to protect the environment and human health against certain activities characterized by scientific uncertainty about their possible consequences. The precautionary principle is conceived as the axiom on which environmental policy is based. The most characteristic feature of this principle is that it can be the basis for decisions to derogate from a legal regime that would in principle be applicable. In my research for this manuscript, I have carried out an exhaustive analysis of the precautionary principle in the area of biodiversity, with specific regard to LMOs. To do so, it was necessary to examine the legal, theoretical and jurisprudential aspects of the topic on several levels. This study is divided into three sections. The first offers a legal approach to the precautionary principle, in which the essential elements are analyzed. The second section is devoted to analyzing the precautionary principle in the area of International Agreements. This study would be complete analyzing the risk, damage and scientific uncertainty. The new challenges facing the international community in the area of encouraging fair and equitable participation in the profits obtained from the use of genetic resources are discussed, in the light of the Nagoya Protocol, and a new Protocol concerned with international liability, the Nagoya-Kuala Lumpur Protocol. These Protocols are of great interest, as they provide greater legal security and transparency in the area of LMOs.
Abstract: Trade in safe and healthy foods is essential for businesses, authorities and consumers throughout the world. When drafting food policies, states should ensure that they provide protection for people’s lives and health, as well as saving social and economic interests on a national and international level. Over the last few decades, scientific develo...
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Instruction for Newbie Scientists on How to Prepare a Scientific Paper
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, March 2022
Pages:
11-17
Received:
7 March 2022
Accepted:
16 April 2022
Published:
26 April 2022
Abstract: The abstract is the essence of the full text. Before the main body, the purpose of the abstract is to let readers understand the full text briefly. When an abstract is used, it is always placed at the start of a manuscript or typescript, serving as the starting point for any academic paper or patent application. Abstracting and indexing services for various academic disciplines have the goal of compiling a body of literature on that subject. Furthermore, an abstract summarizes the major aspects of the entire paper in a prescribed sequence, usually in one paragraph of between 200- 400 words, and includes: the overall purpose of the study and the research problem(s) you investigated; the basic design of the study; major findings or trends found as a result of your analysis; and, a brief summary of your interpretations and conclusions. Writing scientific publications is difficult for many new researchers, and few receive formal training in how to communicate their findings in writing. Nonetheless, publication is frequently necessary for employment advancement, funding, academic qualification, or a combination of these factors. Generally, an abstract is a short summary of a research article, thesis, review, conference proceeding, or any in-depth analysis of a specific subject that is frequently used to help the reader determine the paper's purpose quickly.
Abstract: The abstract is the essence of the full text. Before the main body, the purpose of the abstract is to let readers understand the full text briefly. When an abstract is used, it is always placed at the start of a manuscript or typescript, serving as the starting point for any academic paper or patent application. Abstracting and indexing services fo...
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Numerical Study of the Characteristics of Shock and Rarefaction Waves for Nonlinear Wave Equation
Kamrul Hasan,
Humaira Takia,
Muhammad Masudur Rahaman,
Mehedi Hasan Sikdar,
Bellal Hossain,
Khokon Hossen
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, March 2022
Pages:
18-24
Received:
21 March 2022
Accepted:
11 April 2022
Published:
26 April 2022
Abstract: In everyday life human faces shock waves and rarefaction largely in their surroundings. Hence it’s necessary to know the behavior of these waves to protect destructive effects. The aim of this work to observe the propagation of shock and rarefaction waves in various dynamics due to solve non-linear hyperbolic inviscid Burgers’ equation numerically. The models adopted here two numerical schemes which enable us to solve non-linear hyperbolic Burgers’ equation numerically. The first order explicit upwind scheme (EUDS) and second order Lax-Wendroff schemes are used to solve this equation to improve our understanding of the numerical diffusion (smearing) and oscillations that can be present when using such schemes. In order to understand the behavior of the solution we use method of characteristics to find the exact solution of inviscid Burgers’ equation. Numerical solutions are studied for different initial conditions and the shock and rarefaction waves are investigated for Riemann problem. We present stability analysis of the schemes and establish stability condition which leads to determine time step selection in terms of spatial step size with maximum initial value. Numerical result for these schemes are compared with an exact solution of inviscid Burgers’ equation in terms of accuracy by error estimation. The numerical features of the rate of convergence are presented graphically. This analysis helps us to understand a wide range of physical phenomenon of the properties of wave as well as saves in several aspects in real life.
Abstract: In everyday life human faces shock waves and rarefaction largely in their surroundings. Hence it’s necessary to know the behavior of these waves to protect destructive effects. The aim of this work to observe the propagation of shock and rarefaction waves in various dynamics due to solve non-linear hyperbolic inviscid Burgers’ equation numerically....
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