Abstract: Traffic road accidents are a concern for every elected government since it affects the socio and economic well-being of a country. Kenya has experienced high number of road accidents claiming more than three thousands lives every year. The cause of traffic road accidents is usually blamed on the drivers, pedestrians, lack of adequate enforcement of traffic laws, quality of roads among other reasons. The government has tried to address this road carnage by coming up with road safety measures and improvement of road infrastructure. In this paper Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) has been used to study the effect of pavement damage on number of accidents and on time spent on roads. By considering two dependent variables (the number of accidents and traffic congestion on roads) and two factors (damage on pavement and type of vehicle), a 2×3 design with 4 replications, for a total of 24 observation vectors has been developed. Significance tests involving the individual dependent variables have been carried out. Using the sampled data from Nairobi, it has been determined that type of vehicle has a significant effect on the number of accidents and traffic congestion on roads. It is also determined that damage of pavements does not have significant effect on the number of accidents and traffic congestion on roads.Abstract: Traffic road accidents are a concern for every elected government since it affects the socio and economic well-being of a country. Kenya has experienced high number of road accidents claiming more than three thousands lives every year. The cause of traffic road accidents is usually blamed on the drivers, pedestrians, lack of adequate enforcement of...Show More
Abstract: Transport and international agencies invest millions of dollars on road projects to support countries develop their infrastructure; therefore, it is important to ensure longer service life and value for money. The primary function of the pavement structure is to keep distresses, including fatigue cracking and permanent deformation, to an acceptable limit so that the pavement can withstand applied vehicle load and repetitions during the service duration. Furthermore, the layered structure of the pavement is intended to ensure that the vehicle contact pressure is distributed in such a way that critical responses at the bottom layer of the pavement are low enough to avoid severe damage. Two typical procedures associated with roadway pavement design are empirical-based and structural analysis methods. However, the empirical-based methods have significant shortcomings, as predicting the mode and extent of pavement performance becomes a major challenge. Alternatively, the structural analysis methods have advanced extensively with computers since they consider crucial factors such as traffic loads, material characteristics and environmental conditions. The imputation of these parameters into the computer algorithm contributes to a better understanding of the mechanical performance of constituent pavement material responses. The predicted responses enable highway engineers to select appropriate pavement compositions that will deteriorate at a satisfactory level during the time of service. The most common structural analysis approaches are analytical modelling and numerical simulation. On the other hand, differences in analysis results generation using these approaches have been a notable concern. This review article presents a synopsis of typical pavement design methods and the problem connected with them; structural approaches to identify factors influencing their accuracy. Furthermore, computer algorithms use due to their usefulness, and the assumptions of layered theories employed in pavement structural design are discussed to uncover potential drawbacks for future upgrades.Abstract: Transport and international agencies invest millions of dollars on road projects to support countries develop their infrastructure; therefore, it is important to ensure longer service life and value for money. The primary function of the pavement structure is to keep distresses, including fatigue cracking and permanent deformation, to an acceptable...Show More
