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Review Article
Nano-enabled Phytogenic Feed Additives for Sustainable Poultry Production: A New Frontier in Meat Quality, Growth Efficiency, and Antibiotic Alternatives
Muhammad Mubeen Jamal Anwar*
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, September 2025
Pages:
39-55
Received:
30 May 2025
Accepted:
19 June 2025
Published:
10 July 2025
Abstract: This review focuses on nano-enabled phytogenic feed additives (nPFAs) as innovative tools to enhance poultry growth performance, meat quality while potentially replacing the use of antibiotics. The excessive use of antibiotics in poultry production has raised significant concerns about antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and drug residues, which have increased interest in natural additives. However, conventional substances face challenges such as poor bioavailability instability and limiting their effectiveness. Nanoformulation technologies address these limitations by improving the stability, targeted delivery and controlled release of phytochemicals. This can significantly enhance biological efficacy even at reduced dosages. This review also elaborates recent advances in nPFA formulations, mechanisms of action at cellular and systemic levels as well as provides examples of their applications in poultry production. It highlights that using nano-encapsulation to deliver antioxidants, shape the gut bacteria and support the immune system leads to higher growth and better meat quality. Additionally, the environmental advantages of minimising antibiotic usage are emphasised. Despite having tremendous potential but the challenges with safety evaluation, regulatory frameworks, well as industrial-scale production still exist. Emerging research directions such as precision nutrition and multifunctional nanocarriers approaches are discussed as pathways to optimize nPFA applications. Ultimately, it demonstrates that by using nano-enabled phytogenic additives, the industry can achieve sustainable, antibiotic-free poultry production while giving consumers high quality protein.
Abstract: This review focuses on nano-enabled phytogenic feed additives (nPFAs) as innovative tools to enhance poultry growth performance, meat quality while potentially replacing the use of antibiotics. The excessive use of antibiotics in poultry production has raised significant concerns about antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and drug residues, which have in...
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Research Article
Assessing Iron Intake During the Complementary Feeding Period (6 Months to 2 Years) in Bangladesh
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, September 2025
Pages:
56-61
Received:
3 August 2025
Accepted:
16 August 2025
Published:
15 September 2025
Abstract: In Bangladesh, infants aged 6–23 months are particularly vulnerable to iron deficiency and anemia, driven by low dietary iron intake, high phytate diets from plant-based complementary foods, and subclinical infections. This review synthesizes evidence on iron needs, complementary feeding practices, bioavailability challenges, and the efficacy of strategies such as fortified cereals, micronutrient powders, and improved dietary diversity. We propose a multipronged approach combining dietary enhancement, infection control, food processing methods (e.g. de-phytinization and promotion of animal-source foods plus vitamin C), and behavior change communication. Improvement of iron intake during the complementary feeding window is vital to reduce anemia, support cognitive development, and enhance child well-being in Bangladesh.
Abstract: In Bangladesh, infants aged 6–23 months are particularly vulnerable to iron deficiency and anemia, driven by low dietary iron intake, high phytate diets from plant-based complementary foods, and subclinical infections. This review synthesizes evidence on iron needs, complementary feeding practices, bioavailability challenges, and the efficacy of st...
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Review Article
Plant Diamine Oxidase (DAO) Obtained from Pisum Sativum: Biochemical and Technological Characterization and Safety Profile for Its Application in Food Supplements
Javier Moran*,
Gerard Moles
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, September 2025
Pages:
62-67
Received:
22 August 2025
Accepted:
9 September 2025
Published:
26 September 2025
Abstract: The histamine present in fermented foods, cheeses, fish and sausages can cause adverse reactions in people with deficiency or low activity of the enzyme diamine oxidase (DAO), responsible for their degradation. Plant-derived DAO supplementation, specifically Pisum sativum extract, represents a natural and safe alternative to restore this function in individuals sensitive to dietary histamine. This study examines the biochemical and technological characterization of plant DAO, as well as its safety profile supported by preclinical, clinical, and regulatory data. DAO is an amine oxidase containing copper, with copper-dependent catalytic activity. Its structure is made up of a dimer of identical subunits, each with an approximate molecular weight of 85 kDa and a copper atom essential for its function. The enzymatic activity, calibrated by specific spectrophotometric methods, remains stable and reproducible in commercial batches. The analysis by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and UV-vis spectroscopy showed a pure enzyme, structurally intact and with reversible dependent activity of copper, confirming the identity and functionality of the ingredient. The production process of the Plant DAO includes rigorous stages of receiving, conditioning, sieving, mixing, forming tablets or capsules, and thorough quality controls at each stage. Only batches that meet all quality criteria are released for marketing, thus guaranteeing the safety and efficacy of the final product. Toxicological studies in animal models indicated no adverse effects at doses much higher than those recommended for humans. Clinical trials in healthy volunteers confirmed a good tolerance and safety profile for oral intake of DAO. The wide commercialization and use in several countries have not reported significant adverse events, highlighting its safety in the general population. This plant enzyme, certified according to international standards and approved by regulatory bodies, represents an effective option for the management of histamine intolerance, contributing to the improvement of associated symptoms and the quality of life of patients.
Abstract: The histamine present in fermented foods, cheeses, fish and sausages can cause adverse reactions in people with deficiency or low activity of the enzyme diamine oxidase (DAO), responsible for their degradation. Plant-derived DAO supplementation, specifically Pisum sativum extract, represents a natural and safe alternative to restore this function i...
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