Review Article
Prevalence and Management Practices of Faba Bean Gall (Physoderma viciae) in the Ethiopian Highlands
Dinku Atnafu*
,
Zemed Wobale
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, December 2025
Pages:
1-8
Received:
1 September 2025
Accepted:
7 October 2025
Published:
3 December 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.scif.20250101.11
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Views:
Abstract: Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is an important legume crop and is grown extensively in the Ethiopian highlands, 1,800 to 3,000 m.a.s.l. While this crop provides agronomic and effects and nutrition, production of faba beans is especially under threat from biotic stresses such as faba bean gall disease caused by Physoderma viciae. The present study investigated the distribution and traditional management of faba bean gall in the main production areas of the Ethiopian highlands. Researchers conducted field surveys in the sampled districts during the 2023/2024 major cropping season to assess disease severity and incidence as well as semi-structured interviews with farmers to obtain information on the traditional and modern management practices. Overall, faba bean gall disease, prevalence varied by altitude, host variety, and cropping management systems. Prevalence of disease was especially high in fields where faba beans were produced continuously and where there was no proper crop residue management. Farmers indicated that they attempted to combine traditional practices like crop rotation and fire clearing residues with very little use of resistant varieties. However most farmers did not integrate IDM in their management due to a lack of awareness and also low level of availability of resistant or tolerant cultivars. The research highlights the importance of extension services in promoting the IDM practices, such as use of certified seeds, crop rotation, and creating awareness, to lessen the incidence and impact of faba bean gall in the highland agro-ecosystem of Ethiopia.
Abstract: Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is an important legume crop and is grown extensively in the Ethiopian highlands, 1,800 to 3,000 m.a.s.l. While this crop provides agronomic and effects and nutrition, production of faba beans is especially under threat from biotic stresses such as faba bean gall disease caused by Physoderma viciae. The present study invest...
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Research Article
Time Series Analysis of Monthly Internally Generated Revenue in Hulbarag Woreda, Silte Zone, Central Ethiopia
Shambel Selman Abdo*
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, December 2025
Pages:
9-20
Received:
29 September 2025
Accepted:
13 October 2025
Published:
8 December 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.scif.20250101.12
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: The effective mobilization of internal revenue is crucial for sustaining local government operations and supporting development initiatives. This study aimed to analyze the dynamics of monthly internally generated revenue (MIGR) in Hulbarag Woreda, Silte Zone, over the period 2008-2023, with a focus on trend, volatility, seasonality, and forecasting. The study utilized secondary data obtained from Hulbarag Woreda Finance and Economic Development Office, encompassing monthly revenue collections across direct taxes, indirect taxes, non-tax revenue, and municipality fees. Data preparation included log transformation and differencing to address non-stationarity, confirmed through Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and KPSS tests. Time series modeling was performed using ARIMA for mean dynamics and GARCH (1, 1) for conditional variance, allowing the identification of volatility clustering and predictive forecasting. The results indicate a consistent upward trend in revenue, with June recording the highest collections and August the lowest. Direct taxes contributed the largest share (52.66%), followed by non-tax revenue (17.37%), indirect taxes (16.25%), and municipality revenue (13.71%). The GARCH (1, 1) model demonstrated strong volatility persistence (α + β = 0.91) and effectively forecasted a total revenue of 164,902,287 ETB for 2023/2024, exceeding planned projections by 47,737,198 ETB. These findings highlight the potential of advanced time series models in guiding fiscal planning, resource allocation, and budget optimization. The study is limited by its reliance on secondary administrative data and its focus on a single woreda, which may affect generalizability. Future research could incorporate socio-economic and macroeconomic factors and extend the analysis to multiple woredas to enhance predictive accuracy and policy relevance.
Abstract: The effective mobilization of internal revenue is crucial for sustaining local government operations and supporting development initiatives. This study aimed to analyze the dynamics of monthly internally generated revenue (MIGR) in Hulbarag Woreda, Silte Zone, over the period 2008-2023, with a focus on trend, volatility, seasonality, and forecastin...
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