Research Article
Gender and Age-specific Patterns of Osteopenia and Osteoporosis in Urban and Rural Bangladesh
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, April 2026
Pages:
30-36
Received:
16 January 2026
Accepted:
26 January 2026
Published:
5 March 2026
Abstract: Background: Osteoporosis and osteopenia represent major yet underrecognized public health challenges in low- and middle-income countries. In South Asia, demographic aging, nutritional inadequacies, sedentary lifestyles, and limited access to diagnostic facilities have contributed to a rising burden of bone mineral disorders. Bangladesh, in particular, lacks large comparative studies evaluating bone health across gender and residential settings. Aim: The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis among adults in Bangladesh and to examine the influence of gender, age, and residential setting (urban versus rural) on bone mineral density. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 380 adults equally sampled from urban Dhaka and rural Sylhet. Bone mineral density was evaluated using WHO-defined T-score and Z-score criteria. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, independent t-tests, Pearson correlation analysis, and multivariable logistic regression to identify independent predictors of abnormal bone health. Results: Abnormal bone mineral density was detected in 80.5% of participants, with osteopenia constituting the majority (72.6%). Females exhibited significantly lower mean T-scores and higher prevalence of osteoporosis compared to males. Age showed a strong inverse correlation with both T-score and Z-score. Gender and age emerged as independent predictors, while residential region showed no significant association. Conclusion: The study highlights a substantial burden of subclinical and clinical bone disease in Bangladesh, particularly among women and older adults. These findings emphasize the need for early screening, preventive interventions, and national osteoporosis control strategies.
Abstract: Background: Osteoporosis and osteopenia represent major yet underrecognized public health challenges in low- and middle-income countries. In South Asia, demographic aging, nutritional inadequacies, sedentary lifestyles, and limited access to diagnostic facilities have contributed to a rising burden of bone mineral disorders. Bangladesh, in particul...
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Case Report
Anaesthetic Management of Phaeochromocytoma in an Elderly Patient with Atypical Presentation: An Anaesthetic Dilemma - A Case Report
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, April 2026
Pages:
37-40
Received:
4 May 2026
Accepted:
15 May 2026
Published:
26 May 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijmri.20260202.12
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Abstract: Background: Phaeochromocytoma accounts for approximately 4% of incidentally discovered adrenal masses, with 9–10% presenting atypically. These atypical presentations pose significant diagnostic and anaesthetic challenges, particularly in elderly patients and may increase the risk of delayed diagnosis and perioperative morbidity. Careful and adequate perioperative preparation has been shown to be an independent determinant of intraoperative haemodynamic stability. The aim of this report is to demonstrate the importance of meticulous preoperative optimization in achieving haemodynamic stability during adrenalectomy for atypical phaeochromocytoma. Case Presentation: We report a 67-year-old woman with a 17-year history of hypertension, well controlled on amlodipine, who was incidentally diagnosed with phaeochromocytoma following an atypical presentation during evaluation for an adrenal mass. Perioperative optimization was achieved using antihypentensive therapy and multidisciplinary planning involving the surgical and anaesthetic teams. She subsequently underwent adrenalectomy under combined general anaesthesia and epidural analgesia. Intraoperative haemodynamics remained stable, including during tumour manipulation and renal vein clamping. The postoperative course was uneventful and she was subsequently discharged in stable condition. Conclusion: Anaesthetic management of phaeochromocytoma remains challenging, particularly in atypical cases where diagnosis may be delayed; however, adequate preoperative optimisation is critical for favourable outcomes. Calcium channel blockers are increasingly relevant in the preoperative preparation of such patients, especially where classical features are absent. This case highlights the importance of thorough perioperative planning in ensuring haemodynamic stability and good surgical outcome.
Abstract: Background: Phaeochromocytoma accounts for approximately 4% of incidentally discovered adrenal masses, with 9–10% presenting atypically. These atypical presentations pose significant diagnostic and anaesthetic challenges, particularly in elderly patients and may increase the risk of delayed diagnosis and perioperative morbidity. Careful and adequat...
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,
Md. Alahi Khandaker
