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Study on Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Joining 3CR12 Stainless Steel and S355 Carbon Steel by GMAW Using 308L Filler Wire
Nontuthuzelo Lindokuhle Vithi,
Mpho Given Maruma,
Audrey Maleka,
Dhurusha Chetty
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, June 2022
Pages:
1-6
Received:
2 December 2021
Accepted:
8 January 2022
Published:
28 January 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.cm.20220601.11
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Abstract: Stainless steel (SS) is an iron-chromium alloy containing at least 10.5% chromium (Cr) with other additives dependent on the grade requested and intended use of the steel. The Cr present creates a barrier between the metal’s iron content and environmental oxygen making it resist corrosion. On the other hand, carbon steel is an iron-carbon alloy with very low corrosion resistance. This steel is high in strength and is often welded with stainless steel in areas that are prone to corrosion attack. The aim of this work was to study the butt and fillet weld properties of 3CR12 stainless steel and S355 carbon steel, and this was done by welding the two materials with a 308L filler wire using gas metal arc welding (GMAW). To ensure satisfactory performance of the welds, microstructural analysis and hardness testing were conducted for both the fillet and the butt samples and in addition, tensile testing was conducted for butt welded samples. The microstructures of both weld zones were found to contain austenite with less than 10% of ferrite. Martensite and Ferrite grains were found in the heat affected zones (HAZ) of the S355 whilst the HAZ of the 3CR12 was predominantly ferrite grains with martensitic islands. The butt weldments revealed higher hardness values than the fillet welds due to the high cooling rates and the S355 HAZ had higher hardness than 3CR12 HAZ. The tensile properties of the butt welds were higher than that of the individual materials.
Abstract: Stainless steel (SS) is an iron-chromium alloy containing at least 10.5% chromium (Cr) with other additives dependent on the grade requested and intended use of the steel. The Cr present creates a barrier between the metal’s iron content and environmental oxygen making it resist corrosion. On the other hand, carbon steel is an iron-carbon alloy wit...
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Talcum Powder as a Nucleating Agent and Reinforcing Filler in PHBV Composites
Arjang Aminishahsavarani,
Ali Salimian,
Karnik Tarverdi,
Hari Upadhyaya
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, June 2022
Pages:
7-16
Received:
8 September 2020
Accepted:
19 September 2020
Published:
5 February 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.cm.20220601.12
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Abstract: PHBV/talc composites at concentrations of 100/0, 90/10, 85/15, and 80/20 were prepared by extrusion compounding followed by injection molding. The effect of talcum powder on crystallinity, thermal and thermomechanical, mechanical and morphological properties of PHBV/talc composites were investigated by DSC, XRD, TGA, SEM, DMA, and mechanical testing. It was found that talc can change the sluggish crystallinity of PHBV. The talc enhanced the nucleation of the PHBV in the composites which lead to a faster crystallization rate. The heat distortion temperature, crystallinity, and the modulus of PHBV/talc composite also increased. The HDT value of the talc-filled PHBV is significantly higher than the pure PHBV, The HDT value of PHBV increases from 129.87°C to 145.48°C with adding the 20% weight fraction of talc. The DMA result revealed that the storage modulus of the composites increased with an increase in the content of talc. The change in storage modulus demonstrated the reinforcing effect of talc. The isothermal crystallization behavior of PHBV studied by DSC and analyzed by Avrami equation indicate that with the addition of the talc, the crystallization rate of the PHBV increases in the composites. Talc therefore enhances the nucleation of the PHBV in the composites. SEM images showed a fine dispersion of talc in the polymer matrix. The tensile modulus results were theoretically supported by the application of the Halpin-Tsai equation which supported the accuracy of the results obtained from the tensile tests.
Abstract: PHBV/talc composites at concentrations of 100/0, 90/10, 85/15, and 80/20 were prepared by extrusion compounding followed by injection molding. The effect of talcum powder on crystallinity, thermal and thermomechanical, mechanical and morphological properties of PHBV/talc composites were investigated by DSC, XRD, TGA, SEM, DMA, and mechanical testin...
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Physic and Chemical Transformations for Metal Polymer Nano-composite on Basic Pyrolyzed Polyacrylonitrile (C3H3N)n and Their Impact on Properties
Dmitry Podgorny,
Alexey Rodin,
Xu Ren
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, June 2022
Pages:
17-31
Received:
9 January 2022
Accepted:
25 January 2022
Published:
5 February 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.cm.20220601.13
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Abstract: In this review, we discuss the basic concepts related to various methods (such as Metal Spraying on Polymers, Microencapsulation…) and the properties of electrical Superparamagnetic applied in polymer-metal nanocomposite films. Within the organic-inorganic hybrid nanocomposites research framework, the field related to metal-polymer nanocomposites is attracting much interest. In fact, it is opening pathways for engineering flexible composites that exhibit advantageous electrical, optical, or mechanical properties. The metal-polymer nanocomposites research field is, now, a wide, complex, and important part of the nanotechnology revolution. So, with this review we aim, starting from the discussion of specific cases, to focus our attention on the basic microscopic mechanisms and processes and the general concepts suitable for the interpretation of material properties and structure–property correlations. The review aims, in addition, to provide a comprehensive schematization of the main technological applications currently in development worldwide. So here we show that nanocomposite films of Metal Polymer Based polyacrylonitrile (PAN) films were manufactured using the method of pyrolysis under incoherent IRradiation and were studied using AFM, XPS, and XRD atomic force microscopy (AFM), Xray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Xray diffraction (XRD) methods (Some of those methods are widely used in material research study, here we don’t want to introduce them more). The XPS method was used to determine the elemental composition and the chemical and electron states of the elements of the film material. The XRD method showed that the obtained materials contained crystalline inclusions of Mea(CO)b, Me(CO)x(NO)y (where Me is a metal) in an organic matrix of PAN. Then by using experimental methods referred in this article, we can achieve a result of polymer pyrolysis, a metal-polymer nanocomposite is formed with nanoparticles less than 100 nm in size, containing a metal or a metal oxide for the research of material properties.
Abstract: In this review, we discuss the basic concepts related to various methods (such as Metal Spraying on Polymers, Microencapsulation…) and the properties of electrical Superparamagnetic applied in polymer-metal nanocomposite films. Within the organic-inorganic hybrid nanocomposites research framework, the field related to metal-polymer nanocomposites i...
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Preliminary Evaluation of Aluminium-Rice Husk Ash Composite for Prophalytic Knee Brace Production
Onuh Ene Joy,
Olorunnisola Olajide Abel,
Oyejide Ayodele James,
Atoyebi Ebenezer Oluwatosin,
Oni Oyebola
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, June 2022
Pages:
32-38
Received:
28 March 2022
Accepted:
16 April 2022
Published:
10 May 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.cm.20220601.14
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Abstract: Knee injury is common in contact sports and the drive to prevent or mitigate its effect has gotten research and orthopaedic attention over the years. Currently, knee brace is the most utilized facility for managing knee discomfort, whether as a preventive measure or after meniscus surgery and dislocation. In this study, we carried out a preliminary evaluation on aluminium-rice husk ash (Al-RHA) composite for the solid biomaterial portion of a prophylactic knee brace. Four composites were produced from aluminium and varied proportions of rice husk ash in the ratio of 8:2, 6:4, 4:6 and 2:8, respectively. We employed a two step-stir casting process in the production of the composite and the four composite specimens as well as a control specimen (0% rice husk ash) were subjected to both tensile and compression tests. The displacements, strain, and densities for each test were obtained. The densities of the composites decreased with increase in the percentage volumes of rich husk ash as the value decreased from 193.02kgm-3 (for the control sample at 0%) to 164.83kgm-3 at 8% RHA addition, respectively. The experimental results for the strain and displacement were validated using finite element analysis (FEA) which confirms the experiment that aluminium-rice husk ash composite gives best mechanical properties for production of the prophylactic knee brace at 4% proportion of rice husk ash.
Abstract: Knee injury is common in contact sports and the drive to prevent or mitigate its effect has gotten research and orthopaedic attention over the years. Currently, knee brace is the most utilized facility for managing knee discomfort, whether as a preventive measure or after meniscus surgery and dislocation. In this study, we carried out a preliminary...
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Industrial Abacus and Computer Interface for the Calculation of Thermal Properties of PVCs Loaded with Palm Kernel Shell Powder
Rolland Djomi,
Chantal Marguerite Mveh,
Joseph Voufo,
Florent Biyeme,
Nasser Yimen
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, June 2022
Pages:
39-48
Received:
24 April 2022
Accepted:
12 May 2022
Published:
26 May 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.cm.20220601.15
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Abstract: Materials characterization is the part of materials science that allows engineers and researchers to value a material. Considering the quantity of materials and the number of existing property results, in order to make them accessible to solve the problem of material selection, it is important to find an easy way that should allow engineers to consult the data without needing enough sentences. Nowadays, the computer has become a reassuring library. Therefore, the work presented here consists in designing an industrial abacus model and a computer interface that should allow engineers and standardization teams, contractors and hardware dealers to calculate and save the thermal properties of PVC loaded with micronized palm kernel shell powder, although the dosage is known. The industrial elaboration of the loaded PVCs, its thermal characterization, the graphs representing the influence of the shell powder on the thermal properties of the PVCs as well as the mathematical models for the calculation of these properties according to the dosage with this shell powder have been the object of studies in the previous works. From the obtained results, we used a simple graphic method to design the industrial abacus and then the mathematical models of the previous works coupled with the Java programming language, NetBeans IDE 8.0.2 and Lauch4j, to design and implement an adequate computer interface. The results gave us for the abacus that it is simple and practical for workers in production plants and for the computer interface that it is easy to use, requiring neither special skills nor computer training. Practical examples have shown that the use of computer interfaces to calculate thermal properties gives a remarkable speed and accuracy allowing the engineers of construction sites and design offices to use it with confidence, unlike the abacus. These applications have made it possible to obtain that, the valorization of this model of calculation and conservation of the data will allow the researchers and the engineers to use this principle to safeguard the data in the future.
Abstract: Materials characterization is the part of materials science that allows engineers and researchers to value a material. Considering the quantity of materials and the number of existing property results, in order to make them accessible to solve the problem of material selection, it is important to find an easy way that should allow engineers to cons...
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