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Research Article
Evaluating the Efficacy of Dieffenbachia picta (Araceae) Leaves Insecticidal Activity Against Cimex lectularius in Arba Minch Town
Fitsum Dejene*
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, September 2024
Pages:
43-55
Received:
1 July 2024
Accepted:
22 July 2024
Published:
6 August 2024
Abstract: The common bed bug, Cimex lectularius, is an age-old human parasite. Recognizing bed bugs as a significant public health concern, the Environmental Protection Agency highlights the need for effective strategies to address infestations and protect people's well-being. Therefore, the aim of this investigation was to evaluate the efficacy of Dieffenbachia picta leaf extracts against bedbugs under laboratory conditions. Insecticidal bio-assay and phytochemical analysis were performed using topical methods and a qualitative analytical protocol. This study demonstrated that extracts obtained from the dumb cane plant using various solvents (methanol, ethanol, distilled water, and acetone) exhibited significant insecticidal activity against bedbugs. Among the solvent extracts, the methanol extract showed a 100% mortality rate, the ethanol extract showed 80%, the acetone extract showed 80%, and the distilled water extract showed 70% mortality at a concentration of 1g/l. A mixture experimental design was used to investigate how the formulation components of the solvent extracts (methanol, ethanol, acetone, and distilled water) affected the synergistic effect and mortality rate. It was found that a combination of 25% methanol, 30% ethanol, 25% acetone, and 20% distilled water effectively demonstrated the optimal synergistic effect of the extracts against bedbug spp. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that extracts from Dieffenbachia picta have the potential to serve as a natural solution for controlling bedbugs.
Abstract: The common bed bug, Cimex lectularius, is an age-old human parasite. Recognizing bed bugs as a significant public health concern, the Environmental Protection Agency highlights the need for effective strategies to address infestations and protect people's well-being. Therefore, the aim of this investigation was to evaluate the efficacy of Dieffenba...
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Research Article
Variability, Mean Performance Evaluation, Trait Relationship and Principal Component Analysis of Sunflower Genotypes
Alemu Doda Gemeda*,
Mohammed Abu
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, September 2024
Pages:
56-66
Received:
6 June 2024
Accepted:
8 July 2024
Published:
20 August 2024
Abstract: Forty nine sunflower genotypes evaluated for mean performance and Variability parameters of yield contributing traits at Kulumsa in simple lattice design. The aim is to identify desired characters of the crop, information of nature and genetic variability for seed yield improvement. The traits revealed presence of highly significant genotypic differences at P≤0.01 for yield contrbuting traits: head diameter, number of seed head-1, thousand seed weight and seed yield ton ha-1. Among the studied genotypes mean performance evaluation indicates that the highest seed yield ton ha-1 recorded for genotypes SHRS-2020#18 (3.06ton ha-1), followed by SHRS-2020#4 (2.95tonha-1) and SHRS-2020#16 (2.84t ha-1) and the lowest average seed yield ton ha-1 recorded for genotype SHRS-2020#13 (1.15tonha-1). Genotypes SHRS-2020#46 (83.5) and SHRS-2020#38 (84.5) the early flowered whereas, the late flowered recorded for the genotype SHRS-2020#43 (107.5) after the date of sowing. Seed yield ton ha-1 (YTPH), is the most economic trait, was positively and significantly associated with number seed head-1 and plant height. The characters indicating significantly positively correlation among seed yield and important traits would be highly effective and efficient improving respective traits. Higher estimates of heritability coupled with higher genetic advance were observed for seed yieldtonha-1 (46.49) and number of seed head-1 (42.46). This indicated that heritability of the trait is mainly due to additive gene effect and selection is effective for such traits. Principle component analysis (PCA) is usually used to identify the most significant variables in the data. In this study the principle component analysis result showed that accumulative variability original data accounted about 100% for the traits. The first Principal component which accounted for 38.5% total variation were observed through agronomic traits such as: SD, DFF, HD, days to maturity, number of seed head-1. Similarily the second principal components which accounted for 17.4% of the total variations among the genoypes were attributed to differently from traits such as: yield ton ha-1, number of seed head-1 and head diameter were the most important of seed yield positive contributors in the second Principal component. Whereas the third and fourth PCA accounted 14.4% and 14% of variations for agronomic traits such as: TSW, HD and SD in PCA 3 and for PCA 4 TSW, seed yield ton ha-1, PH and DNM were the most important positive contributors traits for seed yield. Thus, these variation of traits observed in this experiment can help further as a selection index in genetic improvement of sunflower seed yield and its components.
Abstract: Forty nine sunflower genotypes evaluated for mean performance and Variability parameters of yield contributing traits at Kulumsa in simple lattice design. The aim is to identify desired characters of the crop, information of nature and genetic variability for seed yield improvement. The traits revealed presence of highly significant genotypic diffe...
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Research Article
Agronomic Evaluation of Improved Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties and Seeding Rates on Vertisols in Abeshige, Central Ethiopia
Takele Zike*
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, September 2024
Pages:
67-74
Received:
12 April 2024
Accepted:
11 June 2024
Published:
30 August 2024
Abstract: Identification of appropriate varieties and seed rates for different agroecology are important agronomic practices to increase the productivity of chickpea. A field experiment was conducted during the cropping season to evaluate the performance of chickpea varieties and their seed rates on Vertisols of Abeshige district. Four chickpea varieties (Minjar of 100, 125, 150 kg ha-1), Teketay of 120, 150, 180 kg ha-1, Habru of 130, 162.5 195 kg ha-1 and Yelbe of 120, 150, 180 kg ha-1)] and three levels of seed rates were used and combined factorially in randomized complete block design with three replications. Interaction of Chickpea varieties and seed rates were significantly affected number of days to 50% emergency, days to 50% flowering and 90% maturity, plant height, seed yield, number of pods per plant, number of seed per pod, hundred seed weight, harvest index and dry biomass of chickpea. Teketay varieties showed better performance on seed yield, harvest index and number of seed per pod in response to seed rate. Teketay with 180 kg ha-1 was gave better yield and yield components of Chickpea variety. Therefore, Teketay variety with 180 kg ha-1 is recommended to sustain chickpea production in Vertisols of Abeshige areas in central mid-lands of Ethiopia.
Abstract: Identification of appropriate varieties and seed rates for different agroecology are important agronomic practices to increase the productivity of chickpea. A field experiment was conducted during the cropping season to evaluate the performance of chickpea varieties and their seed rates on Vertisols of Abeshige district. Four chickpea varieties (Mi...
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