Efficient heat removal has become a critical issue for the performance and reliability of modern electronic, optoelectronic, photonic devices and systems. Development of the next generations of integrated circuits (ICs), high-power light-emitting diodes (LEDs), high-frequency high-power density communication devices, micrometre or even nanometre scale hot spots, and efficient heat removal from hot spots area to the nearby surrounding area make the thermal management requirements extremely severe. One possible approach for improving heat removal is the introduction of micrometre or nanometer scale heat spreaders that specially designed for hot spots cooling. However, the thermal conductivity of semiconductor nanostructures is lower than that in corresponding bulk materials and diminishes with decreasing lateral dimensions. For this reason, the performance of nanometre scale heat spreaders implemented with conventional materials would be rather limited.

In this regard, one of the proposals is to use nanomotors. As for macroscopic engines, the working principle of artificial micro- and nano-engines is the conversion of a given fuel (such as thermal or chemical energy) into mechanical energy or work. In this regard, quantum heat nanomotors has attracted much attention as a substitute tool for efficient recovering of heat in nanoscale. In the past years, different materials have been applied for use in heat engines. However, Graphene with unique properties has been introduced as an attractive class of nanomaterials for diverse applications in the field of research. However, discovering new methods for efficient thermal removal, or novel materials with particular thermal properties is of crucial issue.

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