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Investigating the Lived Experiences of Teachers in Long Distance Marriages: A Case of Selected Secondary Schools of Choma District, Zambia

Received: 1 December 2020     Accepted: 9 December 2020     Published: 12 January 2021
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Abstract

Distant marriage has widely been researched on in other professionals such as lawyers, doctors, soldiers. However, in the teaching fraternity, this phenomenon has not been widely studied. Thus, the lived experiences of teachers in long distant marriage are generally unknown. This study aimed to assess the lived experiences of teachers faced with long distant marriages and the dynamics on perceived marital as well as job fulfilment in Zambia. This study used ethnographic research methods to uncover the lived experiences of teachers in long distance Choma district of Zambia. Three schools were the primary focus of the study; St Mark’s, Choma Boarding and Njase. Interview with open and closed questions and observation protocols were used to collect data. The study found that teachers on long distant marriage must prepare themselves adequately by adapting to it through, consulting with the Ministry of General Education on available payroll vacancies, family, visitation, proper planning, and management of their finances. Indeed, work presence and input/output as well as to engage in social activities were critical moments for the respondents. Respondents gave their concerns on their continued stay in long-distance marriages which may be useful for educational planners and implementers. The study recommends that the Zambian Ministry of Education should redesign the deployment policy of teachers to cater for those in long distance marriages. Finally, the study recommends additionally that the impact of long-distance marriage on a learner be investigated by other researchers.

Published in American Journal of Education and Information Technology (Volume 5, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajeit.20210501.11
Page(s) 1-6
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Long Distance Marriage, Deployment, Promotion, Transfers

References
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[2] Chipindi, F. M. (2017). Neoliberal governmentality and the deepening of academic tribalism in the Zambian academy: A commentary. International Journal of Multi-Disciplinary Research. ISBN (online): 3471-7102. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320979075_Neoliberal_governmentality_responsibilization_and_deepening_academic_tribalism_in_the_Zambian_academy_a_commentary.
[3] Chipindi, F. M. (2018). Negotiating professional identities in a liberalised Sub-Saharan economy: A case of University of Zambia faculty (unpublished PhD dissertation). University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.
[4] Chipindi, F. M. & Doyle, H. (2017). Zambia scoping study. In H. Doyle, A. M. Barrett & A. Reeves (Eds.), Improving the quality of teaching in secondary education: scoping studies for Zambia, Malawi, Tanzania, Côte D’Ivoire and Senegal (pp. 4-32). Bristol: Bristol University. http://dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/6744.
[5] Chipindi, F. M. & Chipindi, S. J. (2016). Trade-off issues in teacher education at the university of Zambia: Growing student numbers and the quality of teacher education processes. International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Africa 3 (1), 82-86. http://dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/6745.
[6] Chipindi, F. M. & Vavrus, F. (2018). The ontology of mention: Contexts, contests, and constructs of academic identity among the university of Zambia faculty. FIRE: Forum for International Research in Education, 4, (3), 102-116. ISSN: 2326-3873.
[7] Dahl, A. (2013). Domain Differences in Early Social Interactions. Child Development, 84, (3).
[8] Daka, H., Chipindi, F. M. & Mwale-Mkandawire, M. (2020). The relationship between assessment practices and students’ academic performances. A case of undergraduate students at the medical school of the university of Zambia, 2008 – 2016. Zambian Journal of Educational Management, Administration and Leadership, 1, (1), 143-156. ISSN: 2706-7416 (Print). http://dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/6742.
[9] Fontana, A. & Frey, J. H. (2005). the Interview: From a Neutral Stance to Political Involvement. Sage Publications Ltd.
[10] Howell, W. G. (2004). Efficiency, Bias, and Classification Schemes: A Response to Alan B.
[11] Kariuki, J. W. (2014). The Impact of Long-Distance Marriage on the Family: A Study of Families with Spouses Abroad in Kiambe County. University of Nairobi, Kenya.
[12] Kotari, C. R. (2011). Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques. https://www.worldcat.orgoclc. </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[13] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Ministry of General Education, (2019). Grade Nine Examinations Analysis.www.ecz.2019.zm. </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[14] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Olson, D. H. & DeFrain J. (2003). Marriages and families. McGraw Hill. New York. </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[15] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Rwegoshora, R. T. (2006). A guide to Social Science Research. Mkuki na Nyota Publishers. Dare Salaam, Tanzania. </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[16] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Schramm, D. G. (2003). “Preliminary Estimates, of the Economic Consequences of Divorce.” (2003). Utah State University. </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[17] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Schwart, K. A. (2005). Basic Human Values- Your Morals. https://www.yourmorals.org. </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[18] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Seccombe, K. & Warner, R. L. (2005). Marriages and Families. Thomson & Wadsworth. Belmont, C. A. </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[19] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Thomas, M. A. M., Serenje-Chipindi, J & Chipindi, F. M. (2020), Comparing course. syllabi from A to Z: Examining the contexts, content, and concerns for social foundations of education in Australia and Zambia. In A. E. Mazawi & M. Stack (Eds.). Course Syllabi in Faculties of Education across the World: Bodies of Knowledge and their Discontents (pp 38–50). Sydney: Bloomsbury, ISBN 978-1-3500-9425-3 (hardback) 978-1-3500-9427-7 (online). http://dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/6619. </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> <div class="section" id="cite_this_article" style="margin-bottom: 20px;"> <div class="Heading1" style="margin-bottom: 26px;">Cite This Article</div> <div class="cite_article"> <div class="mt-tabpage" js-tab="2"> <div class="mt-tabpage-title"> <a class="mt-tabpage-item mt-tabpage-item-cur">Plain Text</a> <a class="mt-tabpage-item">BibTeX</a> <a class="mt-tabpage-item">RIS</a> </div> <div class="mt-tabpage-count"> <ul class="mt-tabpage-cont__wrap"> <li class="mt-tabpage-item"> <div class="tab_div"> <div class="cite_type"> <p class="cite_type_item">APA Style</p> <p class="cite_type_info apa-copy-src">Kwaleyela Muwana, Ferdinand Mwaka Chipindi. (2021). Investigating the Lived Experiences of Teachers in Long Distance Marriages: A Case of Selected Secondary Schools of Choma District, Zambia. <i>American Journal of Education and Information Technology</i>, <i>5</i>(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajeit.20210501.11</p> <p class="cite_operation"> <span><a class="apa-copy copy-el" data-clipboard-action="copy" data-clipboard-target=".apa-copy-src" href="javascript:;" ><img src="/img/copy_icon.png">Copy</a></span> <span class="line">|</span> <span><a href="javascript:;" onclick="spgCommon.bindDownloadDataFromEl("10.11648.j.ajeit.20210501.11.apa.txt", '.apa-copy-src')"><img src="/img/download_icon.png">Download</a></span> </p> </div> <div class="cite_type"> <p class="cite_type_item">ACS Style</p> <p class="cite_type_info acs-copy-src">Kwaleyela Muwana; Ferdinand Mwaka Chipindi. Investigating the Lived Experiences of Teachers in Long Distance Marriages: A Case of Selected Secondary Schools of Choma District, Zambia. <i>Am. J. Educ. Inf. Technol.</i> <b>2021</b>, <i>5</i>(1), 1-6. doi: 10.11648/j.ajeit.20210501.11</p> <p class="cite_operation"> <span><a class="acs-copy copy-el" data-clipboard-action="copy" data-clipboard-target=".acs-copy-src" href="javascript:;"><img src="/img/copy_icon.png">Copy</a></span> <span class="line">|</span> <span><a href="javascript:;" onclick="spgCommon.bindDownloadDataFromEl("10.11648.j.ajeit.20210501.11.acs.txt", '.acs-copy-src')"><img src="/img/download_icon.png">Download</a></span> </p> </div> <div class="cite_type"> <p class="cite_type_item">AMA Style</p> <p class="cite_type_info ama-copy-src">Kwaleyela Muwana, Ferdinand Mwaka Chipindi. Investigating the Lived Experiences of Teachers in Long Distance Marriages: A Case of Selected Secondary Schools of Choma District, Zambia. <i>Am J Educ Inf Technol</i>. 2021;5(1):1-6. doi: 10.11648/j.ajeit.20210501.11</p> <p class="cite_operation"> <span><a class="ama-copy copy-el" data-clipboard-action="copy" data-clipboard-target=".ama-copy-src" href="javascript:;"><img src="/img/copy_icon.png">Copy</a></span> <span class="line">|</span> <span><a href="javascript:;" onclick="spgCommon.bindDownloadDataFromEl("10.11648.j.ajeit.20210501.11.ama.txt", '.ama-copy-src')"><img src="/img/download_icon.png">Download</a></span> </p> </div> </div> </li> <li class="mt-tabpage-item"> <div class="tab_div"> <pre _ngcontent-anj-c150="" class="text ris-text bib-copy-src main_content_citetext">@article{10.11648/j.ajeit.20210501.11, author = {Kwaleyela Muwana and Ferdinand Mwaka Chipindi}, title = {Investigating the Lived Experiences of Teachers in Long Distance Marriages: A Case of Selected Secondary Schools of Choma District, Zambia}, journal = {American Journal of Education and Information Technology}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {1-6}, doi = {10.11648/j.ajeit.20210501.11}, url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajeit.20210501.11}, eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajeit.20210501.11}, abstract = {Distant marriage has widely been researched on in other professionals such as lawyers, doctors, soldiers. However, in the teaching fraternity, this phenomenon has not been widely studied. Thus, the lived experiences of teachers in long distant marriage are generally unknown. This study aimed to assess the lived experiences of teachers faced with long distant marriages and the dynamics on perceived marital as well as job fulfilment in Zambia. This study used ethnographic research methods to uncover the lived experiences of teachers in long distance Choma district of Zambia. Three schools were the primary focus of the study; St Mark’s, Choma Boarding and Njase. Interview with open and closed questions and observation protocols were used to collect data. The study found that teachers on long distant marriage must prepare themselves adequately by adapting to it through, consulting with the Ministry of General Education on available payroll vacancies, family, visitation, proper planning, and management of their finances. Indeed, work presence and input/output as well as to engage in social activities were critical moments for the respondents. Respondents gave their concerns on their continued stay in long-distance marriages which may be useful for educational planners and implementers. The study recommends that the Zambian Ministry of Education should redesign the deployment policy of teachers to cater for those in long distance marriages. Finally, the study recommends additionally that the impact of long-distance marriage on a learner be investigated by other researchers.}, year = {2021} } </pre> <p class="cite_operation"> <span><a class="bib-copy copy-el" data-clipboard-action="copy" data-clipboard-target=".bib-copy-src" href="javascript:;"><img src="/img/copy_icon.png">Copy</a></span> <span class="line">|</span> <span><a href="javascript:;" onclick="spgCommon.bindDownloadDataFromEl("10.11648.j.ajeit.20210501.11.bib", '.bib-copy-src')"><img src="/img/download_icon.png">Download</a></span> </p> </div> </li> <li class="mt-tabpage-item"> <div class="tab_div"> <pre _ngcontent-anj-c150="" class="text ris-text ris-copy-src main_content_citetext">TY - JOUR T1 - Investigating the Lived Experiences of Teachers in Long Distance Marriages: A Case of Selected Secondary Schools of Choma District, Zambia AU - Kwaleyela Muwana AU - Ferdinand Mwaka Chipindi Y1 - 2021/01/12 PY - 2021 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajeit.20210501.11 DO - 10.11648/j.ajeit.20210501.11 T2 - American Journal of Education and Information Technology JF - American Journal of Education and Information Technology JO - American Journal of Education and Information Technology SP - 1 EP - 6 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2994-712X UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajeit.20210501.11 AB - Distant marriage has widely been researched on in other professionals such as lawyers, doctors, soldiers. However, in the teaching fraternity, this phenomenon has not been widely studied. Thus, the lived experiences of teachers in long distant marriage are generally unknown. This study aimed to assess the lived experiences of teachers faced with long distant marriages and the dynamics on perceived marital as well as job fulfilment in Zambia. This study used ethnographic research methods to uncover the lived experiences of teachers in long distance Choma district of Zambia. Three schools were the primary focus of the study; St Mark’s, Choma Boarding and Njase. Interview with open and closed questions and observation protocols were used to collect data. The study found that teachers on long distant marriage must prepare themselves adequately by adapting to it through, consulting with the Ministry of General Education on available payroll vacancies, family, visitation, proper planning, and management of their finances. Indeed, work presence and input/output as well as to engage in social activities were critical moments for the respondents. Respondents gave their concerns on their continued stay in long-distance marriages which may be useful for educational planners and implementers. The study recommends that the Zambian Ministry of Education should redesign the deployment policy of teachers to cater for those in long distance marriages. Finally, the study recommends additionally that the impact of long-distance marriage on a learner be investigated by other researchers. VL - 5 IS - 1 ER - </pre> <p class="cite_operation"> <span><a class="ris-copy copy-el" data-clipboard-action="copy" data-clipboard-target=".ris-copy-src" href="javascript:;"><img src="/img/copy_icon.png">Copy</a></span> <span class="line">|</span> <span><a href="javascript:;" onclick="spgCommon.bindDownloadDataFromEl("10.11648.j.ajeit.20210501.11.ris", '.ris-copy-src')"><img src="/img/download_icon.png">Download</a></span> </p> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="section" id="author_information" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 50px;"> <div class="Heading1" style="margin-bottom: 26px;">Author Information</div> <div class="author_information"> <ul> <li> <div class="author_info"> <p class="article_author_name">Kwaleyela Muwana</p> <p class="Affiliation">Department of Expressive Arts, St Mark’s Secondary School, Ministry of General Education, Choma, Zambia</p> </div> </li> <li> <div class="author_info"> <p class="article_author_name">Ferdinand Mwaka Chipindi</p> <p class="Affiliation">Department of Educational Administration and Policy Studies, School of Education, The University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia</p> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article_position right"> <div class="article_content_right"> <div class="toggle-close clearfix"><i class="fas fa-times"></i></div> <input type="hidden" id="articleID" value="10052588"> <div class="right_content_btn download_right"> <a href="javascript:;" onclick="downLoadArticle(10052588, "https:\/\/w.sciencepublishinggroup.com\/", '.spanDownloads', "http:\/\/article.sciencepublishinggroup.org\/", "pdf\/ajeit.20210501.11", true)" > <i class="fas fa-file-pdf"></i>Download PDF </a> </div> <div id="slider" class="article_tab"> <!-- left #slideshow --> <div class="controls-center"> <div id="slider_controls"> <ul id="slider_nav" class="clearfix"> <li><span>Sections</span></li> </ul> </div> </div> <!-- start slideshow --> <div class="article_tab_item" 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href="javascript:;" class="mt-tabpage-item">RIS</a> </div> <div class="mt-tabpage-count_puple puple_cite"> <ul class="mt-tabpage-cont__wrap"> <li class="mt-tabpage-item puple_cite"> <div class="tab_div"> <div class="cite_type_puple"> <p class="cite_type_item">APA Style</p> <p class="cite_type_info apa-copy-pop-src">Kwaleyela Muwana, Ferdinand Mwaka Chipindi. (2021). Investigating the Lived Experiences of Teachers in Long Distance Marriages: A Case of Selected Secondary Schools of Choma District, Zambia. <i>American Journal of Education and Information Technology</i>, <i>5</i>(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajeit.20210501.11</p> <p class="cite_operation"> <span><a class="apa-copy-pop copy-el" data-clipboard-action="copy" data-clipboard-target=".apa-copy-pop-src" href="javascript:;"><img src="/img/copy_icon.png">Copy</a></span> <span class="line">|</span> <span><a href="javascript:;" onclick="spgCommon.bindDownloadDataFromEl("10.11648.j.ajeit.20210501.11.apa.txt", '.apa-copy-pop-src')"><img src="/img/download_icon.png">Download</a></span> </p> </div> <div class="cite_type_puple"> <p class="cite_type_item">ACS Style</p> <p class="cite_type_info acs-copy-pop-src">Kwaleyela Muwana; Ferdinand Mwaka Chipindi. Investigating the Lived Experiences of Teachers in Long Distance Marriages: A Case of Selected Secondary Schools of Choma District, Zambia. <i>Am. J. Educ. Inf. Technol.</i> <b>2021</b>, <i>5</i>(1), 1-6. doi: 10.11648/j.ajeit.20210501.11</p> <p class="cite_operation"> <span><a class="acs-copy-pop copy-el" data-clipboard-action="copy" data-clipboard-target=".acs-copy-pop-src" href="javascript:;"><img src="/img/copy_icon.png">Copy</a></span> <span class="line">|</span> <span><a href="javascript:;" onclick="spgCommon.bindDownloadDataFromEl("10.11648.j.ajeit.20210501.11.acs.txt", '.acs-copy-pop-src')"><img src="/img/download_icon.png">Download</a></span> </p> </div> <div class="cite_type_puple"> <p class="cite_type_item">AMA Style</p> <p class="cite_type_info ama-copy-pop-src">Kwaleyela Muwana, Ferdinand Mwaka Chipindi. Investigating the Lived Experiences of Teachers in Long Distance Marriages: A Case of Selected Secondary Schools of Choma District, Zambia. <i>Am J Educ Inf Technol</i>. 2021;5(1):1-6. doi: 10.11648/j.ajeit.20210501.11</p> <p class="cite_operation"> <span><a class="ama-copy-pop copy-el" data-clipboard-action="copy" data-clipboard-target=".ama-copy-pop-src" href="javascript:;"><img src="/img/copy_icon.png">Copy</a></span> <span class="line">|</span> <span><a href="javascript:;" onclick="spgCommon.bindDownloadDataFromEl("10.11648.j.ajeit.20210501.11.ama.txt", '.ama-copy-pop-src')"><img src="/img/download_icon.png">Download</a></span> </p> </div> </div> </li> <li class="mt-tabpage-item puple_cite"> <div class="tab_div"> <pre _ngcontent-anj-c150="" class="text ris-text bib-copy-pop-src">@article{10.11648/j.ajeit.20210501.11, author = {Kwaleyela Muwana and Ferdinand Mwaka Chipindi}, title = {Investigating the Lived Experiences of Teachers in Long Distance Marriages: A Case of Selected Secondary Schools of Choma District, Zambia}, journal = {American Journal of Education and Information Technology}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {1-6}, doi = {10.11648/j.ajeit.20210501.11}, url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajeit.20210501.11}, eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajeit.20210501.11}, abstract = {Distant marriage has widely been researched on in other professionals such as lawyers, doctors, soldiers. However, in the teaching fraternity, this phenomenon has not been widely studied. Thus, the lived experiences of teachers in long distant marriage are generally unknown. This study aimed to assess the lived experiences of teachers faced with long distant marriages and the dynamics on perceived marital as well as job fulfilment in Zambia. This study used ethnographic research methods to uncover the lived experiences of teachers in long distance Choma district of Zambia. Three schools were the primary focus of the study; St Mark’s, Choma Boarding and Njase. Interview with open and closed questions and observation protocols were used to collect data. The study found that teachers on long distant marriage must prepare themselves adequately by adapting to it through, consulting with the Ministry of General Education on available payroll vacancies, family, visitation, proper planning, and management of their finances. Indeed, work presence and input/output as well as to engage in social activities were critical moments for the respondents. Respondents gave their concerns on their continued stay in long-distance marriages which may be useful for educational planners and implementers. The study recommends that the Zambian Ministry of Education should redesign the deployment policy of teachers to cater for those in long distance marriages. Finally, the study recommends additionally that the impact of long-distance marriage on a learner be investigated by other researchers.}, year = {2021} } </pre> <p class="cite_operation"> <span><a class="bib-copy-pop copy-el" data-clipboard-action="copy" data-clipboard-target=".bib-copy-pop-src" href="javascript:;"><img src="/img/copy_icon.png">Copy</a></span> <span class="line">|</span> <span><a href="javascript:;" onclick="spgCommon.bindDownloadDataFromEl("10.11648.j.ajeit.20210501.11.bib", '.bib-copy-pop-src')"><img src="/img/download_icon.png">Download</a></span> </p> </div> </li> <li class="mt-tabpage-item puple_cite"> <div class="tab_div"> <pre _ngcontent-anj-c150="" class="text ris-text ris-copy-pop-src">TY - JOUR T1 - Investigating the Lived Experiences of Teachers in Long Distance Marriages: A Case of Selected Secondary Schools of Choma District, Zambia AU - Kwaleyela Muwana AU - Ferdinand Mwaka Chipindi Y1 - 2021/01/12 PY - 2021 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajeit.20210501.11 DO - 10.11648/j.ajeit.20210501.11 T2 - American Journal of Education and Information Technology JF - American Journal of Education and Information Technology JO - American Journal of Education and Information Technology SP - 1 EP - 6 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2994-712X UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajeit.20210501.11 AB - Distant marriage has widely been researched on in other professionals such as lawyers, doctors, soldiers. However, in the teaching fraternity, this phenomenon has not been widely studied. Thus, the lived experiences of teachers in long distant marriage are generally unknown. This study aimed to assess the lived experiences of teachers faced with long distant marriages and the dynamics on perceived marital as well as job fulfilment in Zambia. This study used ethnographic research methods to uncover the lived experiences of teachers in long distance Choma district of Zambia. Three schools were the primary focus of the study; St Mark’s, Choma Boarding and Njase. Interview with open and closed questions and observation protocols were used to collect data. The study found that teachers on long distant marriage must prepare themselves adequately by adapting to it through, consulting with the Ministry of General Education on available payroll vacancies, family, visitation, proper planning, and management of their finances. Indeed, work presence and input/output as well as to engage in social activities were critical moments for the respondents. Respondents gave their concerns on their continued stay in long-distance marriages which may be useful for educational planners and implementers. The study recommends that the Zambian Ministry of Education should redesign the deployment policy of teachers to cater for those in long distance marriages. Finally, the study recommends additionally that the impact of long-distance marriage on a learner be investigated by other researchers. VL - 5 IS - 1 ER - </pre> <p class="cite_operation"> <span><a class="ris-copy-pop copy-el" data-clipboard-action="copy" data-clipboard-target=".ris-copy-pop-src" href="javascript:;"><img src="/img/copy_icon.png">Copy</a></span> <span class="line">|</span> <span><a href="javascript:;" onclick="spgCommon.bindDownloadDataFromEl("10.11648.j.ajeit.20210501.11.ris", '.ris-copy-pop-src')"><img src="/img/download_icon.png">Download</a></span> </p> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="modal-footer"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" data-dismiss="modal">Cancel</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="modal fade" id="downloadValidationModal" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="exampleModalScrollableTitle" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog modal-dialog-scrollable modal-lg modal-dialog-centered"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <h5 class="modal-title">Verification Code</h5> <button type="button" class="close" 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