Appraisal of Heavy Metals (Lead and Cadmium) in the Muscle and Internal Organs of Cattle Slaughtered in Ibadan

Hillary-Frances Ladidi Gwani; Emmanuel Teryila Tyokumbur

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajz.20190201.11

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Appraisal of Heavy Metals (Lead and Cadmium) in the Muscle and Internal Organs of Cattle Slaughtered in Ibadan

Hillary-Frances Ladidi Gwani, Emmanuel Teryila Tyokumbur

Published in American Journal of Zoology (Volume 2, Issue 1)

Received: 14 December 2018 Accepted: 28 December 2018 Published: 29 January 2019

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Abstract

This study appraised the levels of two heavy metals: lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in the muscle, liver, kidney, intestine, lungs and heart of cattle slaughtered for sale in the Akinyele Meat Market of Oyo State, Nigeria. The objectives of the study were to assess the distribution of these metals in the different parts of the body of cattle and compared their concentration with international guidelines. Thirty samples made up of six each of muscle, liver, kidney, intestine, heart and lungs were procured from the Akinyele meat market in Oyo State. The samples were pulverized and 0.5g weighed out for acid digestion with 2mL of 3:2 HNO₃ /HClO₄. Each digestate was made up to the 10 mL mark with de-ionized water, and analysed for the heavy metals (Pb and Cd) with a GBC Avanta ver 2.0 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) model A6600. Results showed that range of detectable values in parts per million (ppm) metals were: Pb (0.00-0.81ppm), Cd (0.24-0.81ppm) in muscle; Pb (0.00-0.92ppm), Cd (0.00-0.03ppm) in heart; Pb (0.00-0.50ppm), Cd (0.40-7.65ppm) in kidney; Pb (0.00-0.28ppm), Cd (0.00-0.88ppm) in liver; Pb (0.00-0.03ppm), Cd (0.00-0.88ppm) in lungs and Pb (0.00-7.51ppm), Cd (0.10-0.65ppm) in the intestine. The results when compared with the World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limit of 0.01ppm for Pb and 0.05 ppm for Cd showed that the heavy metal concentration in most parts of the cows sampled exceeded the safety limit and are therefore potentially harmful if consumed. The study therefore show the need for regular biomonitoring programmes for heavy metal concentration in cattle in order to safeguard public health.

Published in	American Journal of Zoology (Volume 2, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajz.20190201.11
Page(s)	1-5
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Heavy Metals, Cattle, Muscle, Internal Organs, Ibadan

References

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APA Style

Hillary-Frances Ladidi Gwani, Emmanuel Teryila Tyokumbur. (2019). Appraisal of Heavy Metals (Lead and Cadmium) in the Muscle and Internal Organs of Cattle Slaughtered in Ibadan. American Journal of Zoology, 2(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajz.20190201.11

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ACS Style

Hillary-Frances Ladidi Gwani; Emmanuel Teryila Tyokumbur. Appraisal of Heavy Metals (Lead and Cadmium) in the Muscle and Internal Organs of Cattle Slaughtered in Ibadan. Am. J. Zool. 2019, 2(1), 1-5. doi: 10.11648/j.ajz.20190201.11

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AMA Style

Hillary-Frances Ladidi Gwani, Emmanuel Teryila Tyokumbur. Appraisal of Heavy Metals (Lead and Cadmium) in the Muscle and Internal Organs of Cattle Slaughtered in Ibadan. Am J Zool. 2019;2(1):1-5. doi: 10.11648/j.ajz.20190201.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajz.20190201.11,
  author = {Hillary-Frances Ladidi Gwani and Emmanuel Teryila Tyokumbur},
  title = {Appraisal of Heavy Metals (Lead and Cadmium) in the Muscle and Internal Organs of Cattle Slaughtered in Ibadan},
  journal = {American Journal of Zoology},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-5},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajz.20190201.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajz.20190201.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajz.20190201.11},
  abstract = {This study appraised the levels of two heavy metals: lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in the muscle, liver, kidney, intestine, lungs and heart of cattle slaughtered for sale in the Akinyele Meat Market of Oyo State, Nigeria. The objectives of the study were to assess the distribution of these metals in the different parts of the body of cattle and compared their concentration with international guidelines. Thirty samples made up of six each of muscle, liver, kidney, intestine, heart and lungs were procured from the Akinyele meat market in Oyo State. The samples were pulverized and 0.5g weighed out for acid digestion with 2mL of 3:2 HNO3 /HClO4. Each digestate was made up to the 10 mL mark with de-ionized water, and analysed for the heavy metals (Pb and Cd) with a GBC Avanta ver 2.0 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) model A6600. Results showed that range of detectable values in parts per million (ppm) metals were: Pb (0.00-0.81ppm), Cd (0.24-0.81ppm) in muscle; Pb (0.00-0.92ppm), Cd (0.00-0.03ppm) in heart; Pb (0.00-0.50ppm), Cd (0.40-7.65ppm) in kidney; Pb (0.00-0.28ppm), Cd (0.00-0.88ppm) in liver; Pb (0.00-0.03ppm), Cd (0.00-0.88ppm) in lungs and Pb (0.00-7.51ppm), Cd (0.10-0.65ppm) in the intestine. The results when compared with the World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limit of 0.01ppm for Pb and 0.05 ppm for Cd showed that the heavy metal concentration in most parts of the cows sampled exceeded the safety limit and are therefore potentially harmful if consumed. The study therefore show the need for regular biomonitoring programmes for heavy metal concentration in cattle in order to safeguard public health.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Appraisal of Heavy Metals (Lead and Cadmium) in the Muscle and Internal Organs of Cattle Slaughtered in Ibadan
AU  - Hillary-Frances Ladidi Gwani
AU  - Emmanuel Teryila Tyokumbur
Y1  - 2019/01/29
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajz.20190201.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajz.20190201.11
T2  - American Journal of Zoology
JF  - American Journal of Zoology
JO  - American Journal of Zoology
SP  - 1
EP  - 5
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2994-7413
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajz.20190201.11
AB  - This study appraised the levels of two heavy metals: lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in the muscle, liver, kidney, intestine, lungs and heart of cattle slaughtered for sale in the Akinyele Meat Market of Oyo State, Nigeria. The objectives of the study were to assess the distribution of these metals in the different parts of the body of cattle and compared their concentration with international guidelines. Thirty samples made up of six each of muscle, liver, kidney, intestine, heart and lungs were procured from the Akinyele meat market in Oyo State. The samples were pulverized and 0.5g weighed out for acid digestion with 2mL of 3:2 HNO3 /HClO4. Each digestate was made up to the 10 mL mark with de-ionized water, and analysed for the heavy metals (Pb and Cd) with a GBC Avanta ver 2.0 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) model A6600. Results showed that range of detectable values in parts per million (ppm) metals were: Pb (0.00-0.81ppm), Cd (0.24-0.81ppm) in muscle; Pb (0.00-0.92ppm), Cd (0.00-0.03ppm) in heart; Pb (0.00-0.50ppm), Cd (0.40-7.65ppm) in kidney; Pb (0.00-0.28ppm), Cd (0.00-0.88ppm) in liver; Pb (0.00-0.03ppm), Cd (0.00-0.88ppm) in lungs and Pb (0.00-7.51ppm), Cd (0.10-0.65ppm) in the intestine. The results when compared with the World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limit of 0.01ppm for Pb and 0.05 ppm for Cd showed that the heavy metal concentration in most parts of the cows sampled exceeded the safety limit and are therefore potentially harmful if consumed. The study therefore show the need for regular biomonitoring programmes for heavy metal concentration in cattle in order to safeguard public health.
VL  - 2
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Hillary-Frances Ladidi Gwani

Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
Emmanuel Teryila Tyokumbur

Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

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APA Style

Hillary-Frances Ladidi Gwani, Emmanuel Teryila Tyokumbur. (2019). Appraisal of Heavy Metals (Lead and Cadmium) in the Muscle and Internal Organs of Cattle Slaughtered in Ibadan. American Journal of Zoology, 2(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajz.20190201.11

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ACS Style

Hillary-Frances Ladidi Gwani; Emmanuel Teryila Tyokumbur. Appraisal of Heavy Metals (Lead and Cadmium) in the Muscle and Internal Organs of Cattle Slaughtered in Ibadan. Am. J. Zool. 2019, 2(1), 1-5. doi: 10.11648/j.ajz.20190201.11

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AMA Style

Hillary-Frances Ladidi Gwani, Emmanuel Teryila Tyokumbur. Appraisal of Heavy Metals (Lead and Cadmium) in the Muscle and Internal Organs of Cattle Slaughtered in Ibadan. Am J Zool. 2019;2(1):1-5. doi: 10.11648/j.ajz.20190201.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajz.20190201.11,
  author = {Hillary-Frances Ladidi Gwani and Emmanuel Teryila Tyokumbur},
  title = {Appraisal of Heavy Metals (Lead and Cadmium) in the Muscle and Internal Organs of Cattle Slaughtered in Ibadan},
  journal = {American Journal of Zoology},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-5},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajz.20190201.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajz.20190201.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajz.20190201.11},
  abstract = {This study appraised the levels of two heavy metals: lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in the muscle, liver, kidney, intestine, lungs and heart of cattle slaughtered for sale in the Akinyele Meat Market of Oyo State, Nigeria. The objectives of the study were to assess the distribution of these metals in the different parts of the body of cattle and compared their concentration with international guidelines. Thirty samples made up of six each of muscle, liver, kidney, intestine, heart and lungs were procured from the Akinyele meat market in Oyo State. The samples were pulverized and 0.5g weighed out for acid digestion with 2mL of 3:2 HNO3 /HClO4. Each digestate was made up to the 10 mL mark with de-ionized water, and analysed for the heavy metals (Pb and Cd) with a GBC Avanta ver 2.0 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) model A6600. Results showed that range of detectable values in parts per million (ppm) metals were: Pb (0.00-0.81ppm), Cd (0.24-0.81ppm) in muscle; Pb (0.00-0.92ppm), Cd (0.00-0.03ppm) in heart; Pb (0.00-0.50ppm), Cd (0.40-7.65ppm) in kidney; Pb (0.00-0.28ppm), Cd (0.00-0.88ppm) in liver; Pb (0.00-0.03ppm), Cd (0.00-0.88ppm) in lungs and Pb (0.00-7.51ppm), Cd (0.10-0.65ppm) in the intestine. The results when compared with the World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limit of 0.01ppm for Pb and 0.05 ppm for Cd showed that the heavy metal concentration in most parts of the cows sampled exceeded the safety limit and are therefore potentially harmful if consumed. The study therefore show the need for regular biomonitoring programmes for heavy metal concentration in cattle in order to safeguard public health.},
 year = {2019}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Appraisal of Heavy Metals (Lead and Cadmium) in the Muscle and Internal Organs of Cattle Slaughtered in Ibadan
AU  - Hillary-Frances Ladidi Gwani
AU  - Emmanuel Teryila Tyokumbur
Y1  - 2019/01/29
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajz.20190201.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajz.20190201.11
T2  - American Journal of Zoology
JF  - American Journal of Zoology
JO  - American Journal of Zoology
SP  - 1
EP  - 5
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2994-7413
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajz.20190201.11
AB  - This study appraised the levels of two heavy metals: lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in the muscle, liver, kidney, intestine, lungs and heart of cattle slaughtered for sale in the Akinyele Meat Market of Oyo State, Nigeria. The objectives of the study were to assess the distribution of these metals in the different parts of the body of cattle and compared their concentration with international guidelines. Thirty samples made up of six each of muscle, liver, kidney, intestine, heart and lungs were procured from the Akinyele meat market in Oyo State. The samples were pulverized and 0.5g weighed out for acid digestion with 2mL of 3:2 HNO3 /HClO4. Each digestate was made up to the 10 mL mark with de-ionized water, and analysed for the heavy metals (Pb and Cd) with a GBC Avanta ver 2.0 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) model A6600. Results showed that range of detectable values in parts per million (ppm) metals were: Pb (0.00-0.81ppm), Cd (0.24-0.81ppm) in muscle; Pb (0.00-0.92ppm), Cd (0.00-0.03ppm) in heart; Pb (0.00-0.50ppm), Cd (0.40-7.65ppm) in kidney; Pb (0.00-0.28ppm), Cd (0.00-0.88ppm) in liver; Pb (0.00-0.03ppm), Cd (0.00-0.88ppm) in lungs and Pb (0.00-7.51ppm), Cd (0.10-0.65ppm) in the intestine. The results when compared with the World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limit of 0.01ppm for Pb and 0.05 ppm for Cd showed that the heavy metal concentration in most parts of the cows sampled exceeded the safety limit and are therefore potentially harmful if consumed. The study therefore show the need for regular biomonitoring programmes for heavy metal concentration in cattle in order to safeguard public health.
VL  - 2
IS  - 1
ER  -

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