Difference in Adherence to Anti-Retroviral Therapy in Resource - Constrained Setting: Adolescents and Young Adults in Rural and Urban Residents in Nigeria

Amom Tor-Anyiin; Frazier Benjamin Beatty

doi:doi:10.11648/j.cajph.20180406.11

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Difference in Adherence to Anti-Retroviral Therapy in Resource - Constrained Setting: Adolescents and Young Adults in Rural and Urban Residents in Nigeria

Amom Tor-Anyiin, Frazier Benjamin Beatty

Published in Central African Journal of Public Health (Volume 4, Issue 6)

Received: 5 October 2018 Accepted: 18 October 2018 Published: 13 November 2018

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Abstract

Adherence to antiretroviral medicines is essential to halt human immunodeficiency virus progression, increase CD4 counts, decrease virologic impact, and improve quality of life for the infected people. However, sustaining good adherence among adolescents and young adults has been a challenge caused by various problems such as distance to clinic, improved CD4 count which lead to complacency in adherence, and the nature of the environment. Compare to the general population, there is low adherence to anti-retroviral therapy among adolescents and young adults. The study aims to assess the difference in adherence to anti-retroviral therapy between adolescents and young adults in rural and urban areas in resource-constrained settings. This was a retrospective cross-sectional study carried out between January 2011 – December 2014 with a sample size of 287 patients who accessed care for HIV in Federal Medical Center Makurdi, located in the Middle-Belt region of Nigeria. Univariate analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics. Pharmacy refill was used to measure adherence level while the data was analyzed using independent t-test and Chi-Square test. A p value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant in the study. In line with literature review, adherence level of at least 95% was considered optimal while anything less than that was deemed suboptimal. Adherence for patients in urban settings was 90.36% (182) while it was 95.12% (105) for those in rural settings (p = 0.001, 95% CI (-8.069, -1.450)). Among patients in rural settings, 57.14% (60) had adherence level of 100% compare to only 42.3% (77) from urban settings (p = 0.080, 95% CI (.052,.116)). Patients in rural settings in Federal Medical Center Makurdi in Benue State are more likely to have a comparative better health output than their counterparts in urban settings going by their adherence levels.

Published in	Central African Journal of Public Health (Volume 4, Issue 6)
DOI	10.11648/j.cajph.20180406.11
Page(s)	168-174
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Adherence, HIV, Young Adults, Adolescents, Urban and Rural

References

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APA Style

Amom Tor-Anyiin, Frazier Benjamin Beatty. (2018). Difference in Adherence to Anti-Retroviral Therapy in Resource - Constrained Setting: Adolescents and Young Adults in Rural and Urban Residents in Nigeria. Central African Journal of Public Health, 4(6), 168-174. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cajph.20180406.11

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Amom Tor-Anyiin; Frazier Benjamin Beatty. Difference in Adherence to Anti-Retroviral Therapy in Resource - Constrained Setting: Adolescents and Young Adults in Rural and Urban Residents in Nigeria. Cent. Afr. J. Public Health 2018, 4(6), 168-174. doi: 10.11648/j.cajph.20180406.11

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Amom Tor-Anyiin, Frazier Benjamin Beatty. Difference in Adherence to Anti-Retroviral Therapy in Resource - Constrained Setting: Adolescents and Young Adults in Rural and Urban Residents in Nigeria. Cent Afr J Public Health. 2018;4(6):168-174. doi: 10.11648/j.cajph.20180406.11

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@article{10.11648/j.cajph.20180406.11,
  author = {Amom Tor-Anyiin and Frazier Benjamin Beatty},
  title = {Difference in Adherence to Anti-Retroviral Therapy in Resource - Constrained Setting: Adolescents and Young Adults in Rural and Urban Residents in Nigeria},
  journal = {Central African Journal of Public Health},
  volume = {4},
  number = {6},
  pages = {168-174},
  doi = {10.11648/j.cajph.20180406.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cajph.20180406.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.cajph.20180406.11},
  abstract = {Adherence to antiretroviral medicines is essential to halt human immunodeficiency virus progression, increase CD4 counts, decrease virologic impact, and improve quality of life for the infected people. However, sustaining good adherence among adolescents and young adults has been a challenge caused by various problems such as distance to clinic, improved CD4 count which lead to complacency in adherence, and the nature of the environment. Compare to the general population, there is low adherence to anti-retroviral therapy among adolescents and young adults. The study aims to assess the difference in adherence to anti-retroviral therapy between adolescents and young adults in rural and urban areas in resource-constrained settings. This was a retrospective cross-sectional study carried out between January 2011 – December 2014 with a sample size of 287 patients who accessed care for HIV in Federal Medical Center Makurdi, located in the Middle-Belt region of Nigeria. Univariate analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics. Pharmacy refill was used to measure adherence level while the data was analyzed using independent t-test and Chi-Square test. A p value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant in the study. In line with literature review, adherence level of at least 95% was considered optimal while anything less than that was deemed suboptimal. Adherence for patients in urban settings was 90.36% (182) while it was 95.12% (105) for those in rural settings (p = 0.001, 95% CI (-8.069, -1.450)). Among patients in rural settings, 57.14% (60) had adherence level of 100% compare to only 42.3% (77) from urban settings (p = 0.080, 95% CI (.052,.116)). Patients in rural settings in Federal Medical Center Makurdi in Benue State are more likely to have a comparative better health output than their counterparts in urban settings going by their adherence levels.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Difference in Adherence to Anti-Retroviral Therapy in Resource - Constrained Setting: Adolescents and Young Adults in Rural and Urban Residents in Nigeria
AU  - Amom Tor-Anyiin
AU  - Frazier Benjamin Beatty
Y1  - 2018/11/13
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cajph.20180406.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.cajph.20180406.11
T2  - Central African Journal of Public Health
JF  - Central African Journal of Public Health
JO  - Central African Journal of Public Health
SP  - 168
EP  - 174
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-5781
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cajph.20180406.11
AB  - Adherence to antiretroviral medicines is essential to halt human immunodeficiency virus progression, increase CD4 counts, decrease virologic impact, and improve quality of life for the infected people. However, sustaining good adherence among adolescents and young adults has been a challenge caused by various problems such as distance to clinic, improved CD4 count which lead to complacency in adherence, and the nature of the environment. Compare to the general population, there is low adherence to anti-retroviral therapy among adolescents and young adults. The study aims to assess the difference in adherence to anti-retroviral therapy between adolescents and young adults in rural and urban areas in resource-constrained settings. This was a retrospective cross-sectional study carried out between January 2011 – December 2014 with a sample size of 287 patients who accessed care for HIV in Federal Medical Center Makurdi, located in the Middle-Belt region of Nigeria. Univariate analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics. Pharmacy refill was used to measure adherence level while the data was analyzed using independent t-test and Chi-Square test. A p value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant in the study. In line with literature review, adherence level of at least 95% was considered optimal while anything less than that was deemed suboptimal. Adherence for patients in urban settings was 90.36% (182) while it was 95.12% (105) for those in rural settings (p = 0.001, 95% CI (-8.069, -1.450)). Among patients in rural settings, 57.14% (60) had adherence level of 100% compare to only 42.3% (77) from urban settings (p = 0.080, 95% CI (.052,.116)). Patients in rural settings in Federal Medical Center Makurdi in Benue State are more likely to have a comparative better health output than their counterparts in urban settings going by their adherence levels.
VL  - 4
IS  - 6
ER  -

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Author Information

Amom Tor-Anyiin

Alberta Health Services, Royal Alexandra Hospital Pharmacy, Edmonton, Canada
Frazier Benjamin Beatty

Department of Public Health, Walden University, Minneapolis, USA

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Amom Tor-Anyiin, Frazier Benjamin Beatty. (2018). Difference in Adherence to Anti-Retroviral Therapy in Resource - Constrained Setting: Adolescents and Young Adults in Rural and Urban Residents in Nigeria. Central African Journal of Public Health, 4(6), 168-174. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cajph.20180406.11

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ACS Style

Amom Tor-Anyiin; Frazier Benjamin Beatty. Difference in Adherence to Anti-Retroviral Therapy in Resource - Constrained Setting: Adolescents and Young Adults in Rural and Urban Residents in Nigeria. Cent. Afr. J. Public Health 2018, 4(6), 168-174. doi: 10.11648/j.cajph.20180406.11

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Amom Tor-Anyiin, Frazier Benjamin Beatty. Difference in Adherence to Anti-Retroviral Therapy in Resource - Constrained Setting: Adolescents and Young Adults in Rural and Urban Residents in Nigeria. Cent Afr J Public Health. 2018;4(6):168-174. doi: 10.11648/j.cajph.20180406.11

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@article{10.11648/j.cajph.20180406.11,
  author = {Amom Tor-Anyiin and Frazier Benjamin Beatty},
  title = {Difference in Adherence to Anti-Retroviral Therapy in Resource - Constrained Setting: Adolescents and Young Adults in Rural and Urban Residents in Nigeria},
  journal = {Central African Journal of Public Health},
  volume = {4},
  number = {6},
  pages = {168-174},
  doi = {10.11648/j.cajph.20180406.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cajph.20180406.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.cajph.20180406.11},
  abstract = {Adherence to antiretroviral medicines is essential to halt human immunodeficiency virus progression, increase CD4 counts, decrease virologic impact, and improve quality of life for the infected people. However, sustaining good adherence among adolescents and young adults has been a challenge caused by various problems such as distance to clinic, improved CD4 count which lead to complacency in adherence, and the nature of the environment. Compare to the general population, there is low adherence to anti-retroviral therapy among adolescents and young adults. The study aims to assess the difference in adherence to anti-retroviral therapy between adolescents and young adults in rural and urban areas in resource-constrained settings. This was a retrospective cross-sectional study carried out between January 2011 – December 2014 with a sample size of 287 patients who accessed care for HIV in Federal Medical Center Makurdi, located in the Middle-Belt region of Nigeria. Univariate analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics. Pharmacy refill was used to measure adherence level while the data was analyzed using independent t-test and Chi-Square test. A p value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant in the study. In line with literature review, adherence level of at least 95% was considered optimal while anything less than that was deemed suboptimal. Adherence for patients in urban settings was 90.36% (182) while it was 95.12% (105) for those in rural settings (p = 0.001, 95% CI (-8.069, -1.450)). Among patients in rural settings, 57.14% (60) had adherence level of 100% compare to only 42.3% (77) from urban settings (p = 0.080, 95% CI (.052,.116)). Patients in rural settings in Federal Medical Center Makurdi in Benue State are more likely to have a comparative better health output than their counterparts in urban settings going by their adherence levels.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Difference in Adherence to Anti-Retroviral Therapy in Resource - Constrained Setting: Adolescents and Young Adults in Rural and Urban Residents in Nigeria
AU  - Amom Tor-Anyiin
AU  - Frazier Benjamin Beatty
Y1  - 2018/11/13
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cajph.20180406.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.cajph.20180406.11
T2  - Central African Journal of Public Health
JF  - Central African Journal of Public Health
JO  - Central African Journal of Public Health
SP  - 168
EP  - 174
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-5781
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cajph.20180406.11
AB  - Adherence to antiretroviral medicines is essential to halt human immunodeficiency virus progression, increase CD4 counts, decrease virologic impact, and improve quality of life for the infected people. However, sustaining good adherence among adolescents and young adults has been a challenge caused by various problems such as distance to clinic, improved CD4 count which lead to complacency in adherence, and the nature of the environment. Compare to the general population, there is low adherence to anti-retroviral therapy among adolescents and young adults. The study aims to assess the difference in adherence to anti-retroviral therapy between adolescents and young adults in rural and urban areas in resource-constrained settings. This was a retrospective cross-sectional study carried out between January 2011 – December 2014 with a sample size of 287 patients who accessed care for HIV in Federal Medical Center Makurdi, located in the Middle-Belt region of Nigeria. Univariate analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics. Pharmacy refill was used to measure adherence level while the data was analyzed using independent t-test and Chi-Square test. A p value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant in the study. In line with literature review, adherence level of at least 95% was considered optimal while anything less than that was deemed suboptimal. Adherence for patients in urban settings was 90.36% (182) while it was 95.12% (105) for those in rural settings (p = 0.001, 95% CI (-8.069, -1.450)). Among patients in rural settings, 57.14% (60) had adherence level of 100% compare to only 42.3% (77) from urban settings (p = 0.080, 95% CI (.052,.116)). Patients in rural settings in Federal Medical Center Makurdi in Benue State are more likely to have a comparative better health output than their counterparts in urban settings going by their adherence levels.
VL  - 4
IS  - 6
ER  -

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