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Difference in Adherence to Anti-Retroviral Therapy in Resource - Constrained Setting: Adolescents and Young Adults in Rural and Urban Residents in Nigeria
Amom Tor-Anyiin,
Frazier Benjamin Beatty
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, December 2018
Pages:
168-174
Received:
5 October 2018
Accepted:
18 October 2018
Published:
13 November 2018
DOI:
10.11648/j.cajph.20180406.11
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Abstract: Adherence to antiretroviral medicines is essential to halt human immunodeficiency virus progression, increase CD4 counts, decrease virologic impact, and improve quality of life for the infected people. However, sustaining good adherence among adolescents and young adults has been a challenge caused by various problems such as distance to clinic, improved CD4 count which lead to complacency in adherence, and the nature of the environment. Compare to the general population, there is low adherence to anti-retroviral therapy among adolescents and young adults. The study aims to assess the difference in adherence to anti-retroviral therapy between adolescents and young adults in rural and urban areas in resource-constrained settings. This was a retrospective cross-sectional study carried out between January 2011 – December 2014 with a sample size of 287 patients who accessed care for HIV in Federal Medical Center Makurdi, located in the Middle-Belt region of Nigeria. Univariate analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics. Pharmacy refill was used to measure adherence level while the data was analyzed using independent t-test and Chi-Square test. A p value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant in the study. In line with literature review, adherence level of at least 95% was considered optimal while anything less than that was deemed suboptimal. Adherence for patients in urban settings was 90.36% (182) while it was 95.12% (105) for those in rural settings (p = 0.001, 95% CI (-8.069, -1.450)). Among patients in rural settings, 57.14% (60) had adherence level of 100% compare to only 42.3% (77) from urban settings (p = 0.080, 95% CI (.052,.116)). Patients in rural settings in Federal Medical Center Makurdi in Benue State are more likely to have a comparative better health output than their counterparts in urban settings going by their adherence levels.
Abstract: Adherence to antiretroviral medicines is essential to halt human immunodeficiency virus progression, increase CD4 counts, decrease virologic impact, and improve quality of life for the infected people. However, sustaining good adherence among adolescents and young adults has been a challenge caused by various problems such as distance to clinic, im...
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The Impact of Stigma on the Healthcare of Tuberculosis Patients in Kitwe
Evaristo Chanda,
Alfred Matafwali Sichilima
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, December 2018
Pages:
175-184
Received:
22 October 2018
Accepted:
12 November 2018
Published:
26 December 2018
DOI:
10.11648/j.cajph.20180406.12
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Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) is on the increase in Kitwe and TB related stigma makes it difficult to control the disease. The main objective of this study was to assess the impact of stigma on the healthcare of patients suffering from tuberculosis. The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study among TB patients registered at Buchi Small and Ipusukilo clinics. Simple random sampling method was used to select participants. A total of 115 questionnaires were distributed and all 115 were properly filled and returned. The study revealed that only 44.3% of the respondents had a high level of knowledge of TB. Stigmatization attitude was high among participants with 16.5% and 39.1% of the patients experiencing high and moderate stigma, respectively. 14.8% of the respondents reported having lost friend (s) and/or family and/or co-worker(s) because of their illness and 52.2% had had their illness used against them through verbal insults or being fired from their jobs. Furthermore, 44.3% of the patients felt like stopping taking their medication (even if the course of treatment had not been completed) once they felt better in order to free themselves from stigmatization and 40% felt disliked by the healthcare workers. Level of education correlated significantly with level of knowledge (P value = 0.002). Age showed strong relationships with level of stigma experienced by participants (P value = 0.004) and having feelings of stopping TB Treatment due to stigma (P value = 0.034). However, level of stigma experienced by patients did not show any significant relationship with level of education (P value = 0.764) or Religion (P value = 0.374). The study had noted the high level of stigma towards TB patients and its consequences on healthcare, especially on TB control. It is therefore recommended that health education programmes that aim at enriching the knowledge of TB and consequences of stigma be introduced and should carter for both the patients and the entire community.
Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) is on the increase in Kitwe and TB related stigma makes it difficult to control the disease. The main objective of this study was to assess the impact of stigma on the healthcare of patients suffering from tuberculosis. The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study among TB patients registered at Buchi Small and Ipusukilo clin...
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Frequency and Correlates of Obesity or Overweight Among Patients with Hypertension at the Ignace Deen National Hospital in Conakry, Guinea
Sidibé Sidikiba,
Barry Ibrahima Sory,
Camara Bienvenu Salim,
Sylla Djenabou,
Samaké Amara Tabaouo,
Kuotu Gérard Christian,
Camara Gnoume,
Delamou Alexandre,
Balde Mamadou Dadhi
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, December 2018
Pages:
185-190
Received:
29 October 2018
Accepted:
12 November 2018
Published:
26 December 2018
DOI:
10.11648/j.cajph.20180406.13
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Abstract: Hypertension and obesity are common life style diseases with increasing burden in worldwide. The objective of this study was to describe the frequency and identify factors associated with obesity or overweight among patients with hypertension seeking care at the department of cardiology of Ignace Deen national hospital in Conakry, Guinea. This was a periodic cross-sectional study from May 1 to July 31, 2017. The majority of the patients was obese (36.22%) or over weighted (33.86%). The multiple logistic regression showed that sex and education level of patients were independently associated with obesity or overweight. Female patients were two times more likely to be obese or over weighted than male patients [Adjusted Odd Ratio (AOR): 2.14; 95% confidence interval (C.I): 1. 1.36-3.36]. Patients with at least primary school level were 47% less likely to be obese or over weighted than patients who had not attended school (AOR: 0.53; 95%C.I: 0.35-0.82). Even though this was not statistically significant, patients who were following a diet recommended by a care provider 43% less likely to be obese or over weighted. Particular medical follow up on and regular counseiling about life style for female patients living with hypertension would be relevant during clinical practices.
Abstract: Hypertension and obesity are common life style diseases with increasing burden in worldwide. The objective of this study was to describe the frequency and identify factors associated with obesity or overweight among patients with hypertension seeking care at the department of cardiology of Ignace Deen national hospital in Conakry, Guinea. This was ...
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Contraceptive Choices and Use Among Postnatal Women in Selected Districts in Luapula Province, Zambia
Chama Daniel,
Kasongo Titus,
Munengo Webster,
Mutale Mumbi,
Catherine Mubita Ngoma
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, December 2018
Pages:
191-195
Received:
2 November 2018
Accepted:
22 November 2018
Published:
26 December 2018
DOI:
10.11648/j.cajph.20180406.14
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Abstract: Effective contraception benefits both mothers and children by decreasing morbidity and mortality, improving the social and economic status of women, and improving the relationship of the mother with all her children. The main aim of the study was to determine contraceptive choices and use among postnatal women in Mwense, Mwansabobwe and Nchelenge districts of Luapula province. The study population comprised 92 randomly selected women attending family planning clinics. Findings revealed that 51% of the respondents were aged between 25 and 34 years, 75% were married, 63% were multiparas and had attained primary level of education (43%). Most respondents (79.3%) were not in formal employment, 52% had been using a family planning method for a period between one to three years and their main source of information on family planning were health care providers (71%). Two thirds (62%) of the respondents were using injectable contraceptive methods. When asked to state the contraceptive method they knew other than the one they were using, 75% mentioned injectable contraceptive and were aware of the benefits of family planning (87%). The respondents mentioned the following as side effects of family planning methods in general heavy bleeding (13%), irregular bleeding (25%), abdominal cramps (60%) and infertility (2%). With regards to the benefits of family planning, 87% knew the benefits of family planning and 83% of the family planning providers were nurses. 82% of the women reported that they received adequate information from the family planning provider on the contraceptives they were using and 92% were satisfied with the services rendered by health care providers, 74% of the respondents reason for the choice of contraceptives was safety of the contraceptive method and their main source of influence were their husbands (34%). Most women (79%) were willing to switch to other methods of contraceptives if the one they were using was not available and were willing to continue using family planning method (87%). To improve service delivery and client satisfaction among postnatal women, there is need for continued sensitization and provision of method specific information on family planning methods to the women to enable them to make informed contraceptive choices. Health facilities should be equipped with all family planning methods and logistics. There is also need to undertake further research to determine why injectable method of contraceptive is the most preferred among women in the current study.
Abstract: Effective contraception benefits both mothers and children by decreasing morbidity and mortality, improving the social and economic status of women, and improving the relationship of the mother with all her children. The main aim of the study was to determine contraceptive choices and use among postnatal women in Mwense, Mwansabobwe and Nchelenge d...
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