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Asphyxia and the Occurrences of Perinatal Death in Anutapura General Hospital of Palu in 2018
Rosmala Nur,
Nurhaya Suardi Patui,
Sitti Radhiah,
Sri Rahayu,
Elvaria Mantao,
Rahma Dwi Larasati,
Ulfa Aulia,
Gabriella Bamba Ratih Lintin,
Hajra Rasmita Ngemba,
Syaiful Hendra
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, October 2019
Pages:
185-189
Received:
4 July 2019
Accepted:
23 July 2019
Published:
10 August 2019
Abstract: Background and objective: Perinatal death is fetal death at 28 weeks of gestation or more and infant mortality in the first 7 days of life. WHO data in 2015 showed that 4.5 million babies died in the first year of life. This study aimed to find out the risk factors for perinatal death at Anutapura General Hospital (RSU) of Palu in 2018. Methods: The method used was observational research with a case control approach. The case subject was mothers who had perinatal death and the control group was mothers of infants who did not experience perinatal death. There were 22 case samples and 88 controls with baby age matching. Sampling was done by simple random sampling technique. Results: Data analysis used odds ratio test with α = 5%. The results showed that Asphyxia (OR = 3.988 and CI = 1.097-14.501), Low Birth Weight (LBW) (OR = 2.100 and CI = 0.800-5.510) and Congenital Abnormalities (OR = 5.190 and CI = 3.534-7.623). Conclusions: Asphyxia, LBW, and Congenital Abnormalities are risk factors causing perinatal death. Recommendations: The mothers are expected to get early familiarization regarding the signs in pregnancy, increase ANC visits to control maternal and fetal health and pregnancy planning.
Abstract: Background and objective: Perinatal death is fetal death at 28 weeks of gestation or more and infant mortality in the first 7 days of life. WHO data in 2015 showed that 4.5 million babies died in the first year of life. This study aimed to find out the risk factors for perinatal death at Anutapura General Hospital (RSU) of Palu in 2018. Methods: Th...
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Determinants on Levels of Nursing Faculty Support Towards Student Nurse Midwives Performance During Midwifery Clinical Practice
Millicent Gatwiri Kabiru,
Blasio Osogo Omuga,
Leila Geteri,
Taratisio Ndwiga
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, October 2019
Pages:
190-197
Received:
24 June 2019
Accepted:
4 August 2019
Published:
19 August 2019
Abstract: Background: This study focused on the midwifery clinical practice for student nurse midwives at Kenya medical training college and its constituent’s colleges. Chi square was used to establish the relationship between demographic factors, institutional support and social cultural factors, which correlated with midwifery clinical practice performance, for student nurse midwives during clinical training. Methodology; Mixed method was adopted where 300 final year Kenya registered community nurse students were randomly selected from 8 nursing campuses. Data was collected using a pretested, self-administered questionnaire, Focused group discussions from students, elicited the qualitative data. Ethical approval was granted by Great Lakes University of Kisumu ethical review committee and the Kenya Medical Training College Institutional Research Committee. Results; Data was analyzed using SPSS version 19 and presented using descriptive and inferential statistics whereby logistical regression was used to compare the outcomes. Qualitative data was transcribed into themes for comparison with quantitative statistical findings. The study identified crucial determinants of student nurse midwives performance, during midwifery clinical practice. This study found that there was significant relationship between good institutional support and clinical practice performance, in clinical assessments and progress report scores. Strong social cultural influence, was significantly related to clinical practice performance with those with strong influence, performing poorer than those that had weak influence [OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.26-0.89, p = 0.02]. However, demographic characteristics were not significantly related to performance in this particular study. Conclusion; The study concludes that faculty and clinical practice environment support was significant to good clinical practice performance and a good consideration in student nurse midwives training. Social cultural factors should be considered when training midwives, considering the sensitivity, of reproductive health issues among different communities in Kenya. Recommendation; The study recommends that nursing and midwifery faculties should enhance policies for lecturers and clinical instructors to teach and guide students during clinical practice. Social cultural issues should be addressed at training level, to optimize clinical practice performance and institutional support during student clinical practice.
Abstract: Background: This study focused on the midwifery clinical practice for student nurse midwives at Kenya medical training college and its constituent’s colleges. Chi square was used to establish the relationship between demographic factors, institutional support and social cultural factors, which correlated with midwifery clinical practice performance...
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Functional Antithrombin Levels in HIV/AIDS Patients at Ibadan, Nigeria
Olutogun Tolulase Aderayo,
Fasola Foluke Atinuke,
Olufemi-Aworinde Kehinde Joyce,
Aken’ova Yetunde Adebisi
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, October 2019
Pages:
198-202
Received:
25 June 2019
Accepted:
30 July 2019
Published:
26 August 2019
Abstract: HIV infected patients have an increased incidence of venous thromboembolism and an important risk factor is antithrombin deficiency. Currently it is estimated that 10% of HIV/AIDS patients who developed venous thromboembolism had antithrombin deficiency with functional antithrombin levels less than 70%. The purpose of this study is to measure functional antithrombin levels in HIV patients prior to development of venous thromboembolic disorder. One hundred and twenty HIV positive and one hundred and twenty-six HIV negative apparently healthy blood donors were studied. Socio-demographic, medical history and clinical characteristics were obtained from the patients. Blood was analyzed for CD4+ lymphocytes count, full blood count and functional antithrombin levels. We also investigated the relationship between functional levels of antithrombin, CD4 + lymphocytes count and some haematological parameters. The functional antithrombin levels were significantly reduced in the people living with HIV/AIDS (72.6%) when compared with the controls (93.7%). There was no correlation between CD4 + lymphocytes count (by proxy the stage of the disease) and functional antithrombin levels in HIV positive patients (r = 0.02, p = 0.9). Patients with HIV infection have a mild deficiency of functional antithrombin that may lead to hypercoagulability.
Abstract: HIV infected patients have an increased incidence of venous thromboembolism and an important risk factor is antithrombin deficiency. Currently it is estimated that 10% of HIV/AIDS patients who developed venous thromboembolism had antithrombin deficiency with functional antithrombin levels less than 70%. The purpose of this study is to measure funct...
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The Uptake of Modern Contraceptive Methods Among Clients of Post-Abortion Care Services in Urban Guinea
Tamba Mina Millimouno,
Alexandre Delamou,
Sidikiba Sidibé,
Delphin Kolie,
Jean Pierre Leno,
Thérèse Delvaux,
Yolande Hyjazi
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, October 2019
Pages:
203-211
Received:
11 July 2019
Accepted:
7 August 2019
Published:
26 August 2019
Abstract: In West Africa, there are limited data on the uptake of modern contraceptive methods among post-abortion care (PAC) clients. This study aimed at describing the knowledge, attitudes and practices of PAC clients towards modern contraceptive methods and identifying the factors associated with the uptake of long-acting contraceptive methods in Guinea. We conducted a cross-sectional study from March to August 2014 with a sample of 426 PAC clients in two communal medical centres in Conakry. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analysed using Stata software, version 14. A logistic regression was conducted to identify the factors associated with the uptake of long-acting contraceptive methods. Overall 45,5 % were students, and among them, 66.9% had a secondary or higher level of education. Among the respondents 21,8% had a history of abortion. Induced abortion (83.6%) was the most common type of abortion leading women to seek PAC services. Most of clients (73.6%) had previously heard about family planning (FP), either at school (42.7%), in a health facility/pharmacy (26.5%) or in the neighbourhood (5.9%). Among them, only 34% had used a contraceptive method in the last six months prior to the PAC visit. However, 79.1% of the sample had an unmet need for FP. During the PAC visit, 86.6% of women expressed a desire to postpone any pregnancy in the next 12 months. Overall, 388 women (91.1%) adopted a modern contraceptive method. Most of women (n=375; 96.6%) obtained the chosen contraceptive method before discharge. The intra-uterine device (IUD) was the preferred contraceptive method for women (n=130; 34.7%) followed by implants (n=107; 28.5%). Having a history of abortion (OR= 2.5; CI= 1.3-4.7) and a non-desire for pregnancy in the following 12 months (OR= 4.8; CI= 2.0-11.5) were the factors statistically significantly associated with the uptake of long-acting contraceptive methods. In our context, induced or unsafe abortion mainly concerned students. There is a need to improve the uptake of contraceptive methods, especially among students and intensify awareness on the consequences of unsafe abortion among youths.
Abstract: In West Africa, there are limited data on the uptake of modern contraceptive methods among post-abortion care (PAC) clients. This study aimed at describing the knowledge, attitudes and practices of PAC clients towards modern contraceptive methods and identifying the factors associated with the uptake of long-acting contraceptive methods in Guinea. ...
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Chemical and Antioxidant Analysis of Spirulinaplatensis Products Available in Some Local Market
Soumen Sarkar,
Ismet Ara Jahan,
Rezaul Karim,
Asad Ud-Daula,
Abu Taher Mohammed Mijanur Rahman,
Salim Raza
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, October 2019
Pages:
212-216
Received:
4 August 2019
Accepted:
21 August 2019
Published:
6 September 2019
Abstract: A comparative study was conducted to evaluate quality of Spirulinaplatensis products like powder and tablets that were manufactured by different companies in Bangladesh. The powder form was collected from Bangladesh Spirulina Company Ltd. and was named as SP-1. On the other hand, the tablets were collected from Eureka International, Life Line International and Evergreen Enterprise’s and were as named as SP-2, SP-3 and SP-4, respectively. The parameters investigated in this study were moisture content, ash content, acid insoluble and acid soluble ash content, crude fat content, nitrogen and protein content. Additionally, the amount of different solvent extracts, phytochemical screening, determination of total phenolic and flavonoids contents and antioxidant activity (DPPH radical scavenging activity), reducing power assay and total antioxidant activity and elemental analysis were also investigated. DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power assay and total antioxidant activity of all samples extract of four varieties showed significant/good/moderate activity, especially methanol and water extracts showed significant activity. All the four varieties of Spirulinaplatensis possessed good reducing power. Results of elemental analysis of four verities of Spirulinaplatensis showed significant difference. Analysis of mineral composition revealed the presence of sufficient amount of minerals such as sodium, potassium, iron and zinc. High levels of potassium were observed in all the samples. Heavy metals were also analyzed like lead, copper, chromium etc. Some of the samples were found to have contained lead in significant amounts. The reducing powers of the methanol and water extracts of four different samples (Spirulinaplatensis) were found to be significant in comparison with the standard ascorbic acid. The total antioxidant capacities of the methanol and water extracts of four different samples (Spirulinaplatensis) were found to be moderately significant in comparison with the standard ascorbic acid. From the result of this study, it is observed that different samples of Spirulinaplatensis contained different amount of physicochemical, chemical and antioxidant properties. However, among of the four products, SP-3 was found to have the best quality.
Abstract: A comparative study was conducted to evaluate quality of Spirulinaplatensis products like powder and tablets that were manufactured by different companies in Bangladesh. The powder form was collected from Bangladesh Spirulina Company Ltd. and was named as SP-1. On the other hand, the tablets were collected from Eureka International, Life Line Inter...
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Oral Hygiene Practices and Prevalence of Dental Caries Among School Children in Niger State, Nigeria
Mohammed Aliyu,
Benedict Ubawike Akano
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, October 2019
Pages:
217-220
Received:
9 August 2019
Accepted:
6 September 2019
Published:
9 October 2019
Abstract: The study investigated the oral hygiene practices and prevalence of dental carries among school children (6 – 12 years) in Niger State, Nigeria. A total of 477 pupils constituting 246 boys and 231 girls were used in the study. Stratified randomly sampling was used in selecting pupils from 9 public primary schools based on high, middle and low socio –economic levels. Data obtained from this study was analysed using percentages and Chi-Square statistic at 0.05 level of significance. Results of the study revealed that, the practice of toothbrushing was not statisfactory among pupils for the reason that a large numbers of pupils 202 (42.3%) did not brush their teeth at all. Also the prevalence and the number of dental caries were greater in the pupils of low socio-economic areas (66.5%) than the others. The high and middle socio-economic areas had a similar overall prevalence of dental caries of 59.4% and 60.1% respectively. Toothbrushing behavior among the pupils was strongly related to the parental education and their socio economic statuses however, there was no statistical significance in the prevalence of dental caries among the socio-economic groups. Health education programmes such as, brushing of teeth twice daily, especially at night before going to bed to improve oral hygiene practices was therefore recommended.
Abstract: The study investigated the oral hygiene practices and prevalence of dental carries among school children (6 – 12 years) in Niger State, Nigeria. A total of 477 pupils constituting 246 boys and 231 girls were used in the study. Stratified randomly sampling was used in selecting pupils from 9 public primary schools based on high, middle and low socio...
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Risk Factors of Anaemia Among Pregnant Women in Banyo Health District, Adamawa Region of Cameroon
Caroline Teh Monteh,
Justin Ndié,
Joëlle Laure Sobngwi,
Benjamin Alexandre Nkoum
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, October 2019
Pages:
221-226
Received:
19 August 2019
Accepted:
16 September 2019
Published:
9 October 2019
Abstract: Background: Anaemia in pregnant women remains a major preoccupation in the fight against maternal and infant mortality. It constitutes a sure materno-infantile morbidity and mortality risk, premature delivery and small weight births. Objective: This study was aimed at determining the risk factors of anaemia among pregnant women in the Banyo Health District in the Adamawa Region, Cameroun. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out for six weeks (September 17 to November 3, 2013) in 6 health facilities of the Banyo Health District. Included in this study were all pregnant woman received during prenatal consultation in the health facilities of the Banyo Health District who gave her consent to participate in the study. Data collection was done with the help of a questionnaire. A total of 297 pregnant women received during prenatal consultation in the 6 health facilities of the 5 health areas were chosen by the systematic consecutive sampling method. These women benefited from a haemoglobin test after a capillary blood draw was carried out which permitted a para-clinical evaluation of the anaemia. Data were analysed by Excel and SPSS 22 softwares. Results: The results showed that the mean haemoglobin rate was of 10.8±1.89 g/dl. 52.5% of pregnant women were anaemic amongst which 46% had mild anaemia, 48% had moderate anaemia and 6% had severe anaemia. 63% of the women with anaemia live in polygamous household and 55.7% do not wash their hands with soap after a meal. The prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women in the Banyo Health District was associate with the consumption of kaolin (OR=1.9 [1.1-3.9] p=0.049), irregular iron supplement intake (OR=2.9 [1.4-5.9] p=0.014) and the number of meal consumed per day less than or equal to 2 (OR=2.81 [2.13-5.9] p=0.007). On the other hand, regular fruit consumption (OR=0.28 [0.11-0.74] p=0.011), sound knowledge of the causes (OR=0.36 [0.19-0.68] p=0.002) and the consequences (OR=0.35 [0.19-0.7] p=0.003) of anaemia were significantly associated with lesser risk of anaemia among the pregnant women. Conclusion: The high prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women in the Banyo Health District remains a preoccupying health problem. It demonstrates the need of a global action in resolution of this public health problem. As such, there is a need to mobilize a preventive strategy with emphasis on sensitization, nutritional and health education. In addition, maternal systematic iron supplementation from the second trimester of pregnancy remains an imperative.
Abstract: Background: Anaemia in pregnant women remains a major preoccupation in the fight against maternal and infant mortality. It constitutes a sure materno-infantile morbidity and mortality risk, premature delivery and small weight births. Objective: This study was aimed at determining the risk factors of anaemia among pregnant women in the Banyo Health ...
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