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HIV-Associated Abdominal Surgical Pathologies: A Report of 108 Cases from the General Surgery Department Ignace Deen National Hospital of Conakry, Guinea
Camara Naby Laye Youssouf,
Barry Boubacar,
Diallo Alseny,
Kamano Faya Anatole,
Barry Assiatou,
Soumaoro Labile Togba,
Fofana Houssein,
Toure Aboubacar
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, August 2023
Pages:
98-101
Received:
27 May 2023
Accepted:
13 June 2023
Published:
13 July 2023
Abstract: Introduction: The aim of this study was to identify HIV-associated abdominal surgical pathologies and to report the socio-demographic profile of infected patients. Material and methods: This was a five-year retrospective descriptive study, from January 2016 to December 2021, carried out in the general surgery department, Ignace Deen national hospital of Conakry, Guinea, on the consecutive records of patients who had abdominal surgery associated with positive HIV serology. Results: We compiled 108 records of patients with abdominal surgery and positive HIV serology, representing 2.8% of all patients screened in the department (n=3839). The mean age was 38.5±15.9 years, with extremes of 15 and 86 years; the 31 to 40 age group was the most represented (37%). There were 64 men (59.8%) and 44 women (40.2%). Married patients accounted for 65% of cases. Appendicitis and hernia were the most frequent pathologies, followed by peritonitis. In our series, 68 patients (63%) had a known positive HIV status prior to hospitalization, versus 40 cases (37%) of incidental discovery, and 48 patients (71%) were on antiretroviral therapy. All patients in our study were infected with HIV type 1. Mortality was 3.7%. Conclusion: Despite the low rate of HIV infection in surgical departments, HIV infection remains a reality. Raising the awareness of all nursing staff to the risks of contamination and systematic screening could minimize these risks.
Abstract: Introduction: The aim of this study was to identify HIV-associated abdominal surgical pathologies and to report the socio-demographic profile of infected patients. Material and methods: This was a five-year retrospective descriptive study, from January 2016 to December 2021, carried out in the general surgery department, Ignace Deen national hospit...
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Economic and Social Determinants of Infant Under-Five Years’ Mortality in Cameroon
Zakariaou Njoumemi,
Altiné Fadimatou,
Samuel Honore Ntavoua,
Iliassou Nkariepoun Njoya,
Ousseni Mongbet,
Rahimatou Manouore
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, August 2023
Pages:
102-112
Received:
6 July 2023
Accepted:
20 July 2023
Published:
27 July 2023
Abstract: Infant mortality remains a major international public health problem. The situation in sub-Saharan Africa is particularly worrying, as children are at high risk of dying before their fifth birthday. This study analyses the economic and social determinants of infant mortality in Cameroon using a cross-sectional study design. A nationwide stratified, two-stage sampling was used to sample 9,733 children and their respective mothers. A logistic regression model was used for both bivariate and multivariate analysis with a statistically significant level of p<0.05. The children were predominantly male, with a sex ratio of 1.03. Infant mortality was associated with a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) in economic and social characteristics of the child and its mother, such as: age of the child between 25 and 60 months, second or higher birth order, average birth weight of the child, number of 2 to 3 children in the household, age of the mother, domestic violence against the mother, non-use of contraception by the mother, mothers of children residing in the North, Far-North, East and North West regions of the country. On the other hand, infant mortality was associated with a statistically non-significant difference (p>0.05) in economic and social characteristics, namely: child sex, age between 13 and 24 months, low and high child weights at birth, mother's level of education, marital status, mother's employment, religion, level of economic well-being, access to media, use of modern contraception, prenatal consultations in a health center, residence in an urban area, mothers resident in other regions of the country. The elimination of preventable deaths among children under 5 five years old by 2030 will depend on the extent to which economic and social determinants are taken into account in the public policies of resource-limited countries like Cameroon.
Abstract: Infant mortality remains a major international public health problem. The situation in sub-Saharan Africa is particularly worrying, as children are at high risk of dying before their fifth birthday. This study analyses the economic and social determinants of infant mortality in Cameroon using a cross-sectional study design. A nationwide stratified,...
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Influence of COVID-19 on the Activities of Bank Employees in Conakry in 2021
Habib Toure,
Bocar Baïla Diédhiou,
Cheik Amadou Toure,
Hassane Bah
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, August 2023
Pages:
113-116
Received:
24 July 2023
Accepted:
10 August 2023
Published:
22 August 2023
Abstract: Introduction: COVID-19 is an emerging contagious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 that appeared in China in December 2019. The exponential progression of this disease led the WHO to declare a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on January 30, 2020, which was requalified as a pandemic on March 11, 2021. This unprecedented global health crisis has affected all populations and all sectors of professional activity. It has affected business operations to varying degrees, with closures, layoffs, activity limitations, structural reorganizations and the promotion of home working (telecommuting) to limit the spread of the virus. Methodology: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study lasting seven (07) months from November 25, 2020 to June 27, 2021. Eighteen banks in the city of Conakry were targeted for the study. Results: This descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study was carried out in thirteen (13) bank head offices located in the commune of Kaloum over a 7-month period from November 25, 2020 to June 27, 2021. Of the 2,500 bank employees, only 875 consented to the study, representing a 35% participation rate. 62.1% of bankers versus 18.6% teleworked, and 55.8% of employees claimed to be overworked. Conclusion: the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the banking sector, with COVID-19 prevalence at 20.9% and absenteeism at 13.6%. Shift work was the predominant mode of work for 62.1% of bankers, compared with 18.6% teleworking, and 55.8% of employees claimed to be overworked. In addition, 67.6% of bankers had a good attitude and knowledge of COVID-19, and 9.9% of bankers consented to COVID-19 vaccination. Non-respect of physical distancing by employees during breaks, meetings or group work, absence of distancing markings for customers, absence of disinfection, hugging and contact time with customers were the factors impacting COVID-19 transmission in the banking environment.
Abstract: Introduction: COVID-19 is an emerging contagious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 that appeared in China in December 2019. The exponential progression of this disease led the WHO to declare a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on January 30, 2020, which was requalified as a pandemic on March 11, 2021. This unprecedented global health cris...
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Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Towards COVID-19 Pandemic Among Health Workers in Bosaso, Somalia
Fatima Abdirazak Ahmed,
Abdirizak Mohamud Yusuf,
Said Nuriye Abshir
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, August 2023
Pages:
117-122
Received:
18 July 2023
Accepted:
10 August 2023
Published:
28 August 2023
Abstract: Background: WHO confirmed COVID-19 as a global pandemic on 11 March 2020. In Africa, the first case of COVID-19 was noted on 14 February 2020 in Egypt and Somalia confirmed its first case of the novel coronavirus in Mogadishu on 16 March 2020. In 12 June 2023, there are 26,439 confirmed cases and deaths has been recorded 1,361 in countrywide. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are critical to the continued effort in winning the battle over the disease. This study aims to determine healthcare workers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards COVID-19 in Bosaso, Somalia. Methods: Quantitative data were collected through self-administered questionnaires to obtain information about knowledge, attitude and practices towards COVID-19 pandemic among health workers in Bosaso, Somalia. We used convenience sampling techniques in this research. Then, we distributed questionnaires via Google Forms Online to select eligible participants, focused on those who were available and willing to participate in this study. The researchers continuously monitor the completion and submission of questionnaires from accomplished respondents. This study was analyzed using a descriptive statistics approach, and SPSS software version 25 was utilized. Results: A total of 142 health workers completed the questionnaires. More than 59% were female, while 41% were male. Most health workers 83% had good knowledge about COVID-19 transmission, while 17% had poor knowledge. Moreover, knowledge regarding signs, symptoms, and at-risk groups was generally satisfactory. However, a gap exists in the use of early antibiotics to take preventive measures against COVID-19 patients. Overall, 59.7% of health workers had a positive attitude towards the disease, although gaps have been identified as 21.1% health workers believe that being Muslim has less at risk for the COVID-19 occurrence. Majority of health workers were practicing frequent handwashing, using a complete set of PPE and wearing a mask when going to public places. Conclusion: Health workers in Bosaso demonstrated good knowledge, positive attitude and satisfactory infection prevention and control practices. The study recommends that the government prioritize behaviors in the dissemination of evidence-based information to healthcare professionals to increase their knowledge of preventive measures and their precautionary practices during health service delivery. In addition, policymakers and other stakeholders should prioritize awareness campaigns on COVID-19 pandemic prevention and control in advance. Further research at the study site is also advised.
Abstract: Background: WHO confirmed COVID-19 as a global pandemic on 11 March 2020. In Africa, the first case of COVID-19 was noted on 14 February 2020 in Egypt and Somalia confirmed its first case of the novel coronavirus in Mogadishu on 16 March 2020. In 12 June 2023, there are 26,439 confirmed cases and deaths has been recorded 1,361 in countrywide. Healt...
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Prevalence and Factors Associated with the Double and Triple Burden of Malnutrition in Mother-Child Pairs in Guinea
Djiba Diakité,
Sidikiba Sidibé,
Fassou Kolié,
Mory 1 Kourouma,
Alexandre Délamou
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, August 2023
Pages:
123-130
Received:
3 August 2023
Accepted:
21 August 2023
Published:
31 August 2023
Abstract: The double burden of malnutrition (DBM) and triple burden of malnutrition (TBM) remain a public health challenge in developing countries. This study examines the prevalence and factors associated with DBM and TBM in mother-child pairs in Guinea. A sample of 2605 mother-child pairs drawn from the fifth Guinea Demographic and Health Survey conducted in 2018 was selected for this study. Anthropometric measurements of children and their mothers and children's hemoglobin levels were collected. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with DBM and TBM. The prevalence of DBM and TBM in mother-child pairs in households in Guinea were 9.6% (95% CI: 8.3-11.2) and 7.3% (95% CI: 6.1-8.6) respectively. Mothers who delivered by caesarean section (AOR = 2.63; 95% CI: 1.06-6.58), wealthy households (AOR = 2.17; 95% CI: 1.15-4.09) and mothers with 4 or more children (AOR = 2.18; 95% CI: 1.08-4.38) were factors significantly associated with the double burden of malnutrition. Wealthy households (AOR = 2.11; 95% CI: 1.04-4.29) and Caesarean delivery (AOR = 2.40; 95% CI: 1.06-5.42) were factors significantly associated with the triple burden of malnutrition. Multiparity was associated with DBM and wealthier households and caesarean section were positively associated with DBM and TBM. Public health actions focused on women of childbearing age should be undertaken to curb the development of this scourge.
Abstract: The double burden of malnutrition (DBM) and triple burden of malnutrition (TBM) remain a public health challenge in developing countries. This study examines the prevalence and factors associated with DBM and TBM in mother-child pairs in Guinea. A sample of 2605 mother-child pairs drawn from the fifth Guinea Demographic and Health Survey conducted ...
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