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An Evaluation of the Financial Cost-Benefit Analysis and Acbr of Obesity Treatment in the Bamenda Municipality
Kinga Bertila Mayin,
Sundjo Fabien,
Nfor Omarine Nlinwe,
Njimanted Godfrey Forgha
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, August 2020
Pages:
180-191
Received:
21 April 2020
Accepted:
11 May 2020
Published:
28 May 2020
Abstract: According to the WHO report of 2014, 5 people die every minute and 7,671 persons die each day from obesity related complications in the world [36]. Overweight and obesity are the fifth leading risks for global deaths. In June 2013, the American Medical Association recognized obesity as an epidemic. In Cameroon, the prevalence in 2014 stood at 9.6%, second highest in CEMAC after Gabon 15% (WHO 2014). Following this background, the main objective of this paper is to assess the financial cost and benefits and the Average Cost-Benefit Ratio (ACBR) of obesity treatment in the Bamenda Municipality. Specifically, this paper compares the cost and benefit of obesity treatment and calculates the average cost-benefit Ratio of obesity treatment. To ascertain this objective, use is made of exploratory, descriptive and primary and secondary data is employed. Primary data was collected from 100 hypertensive and 100 diabetes individuals age 20 and above from the Bamenda general hospital. Used was also made of information collected during a six month participatory observation at 2 separate gyms. Secondary data was gotten from WHO and National Cancer Institute. Results show a yearly cost of obesity treatment of 492,000 and a yearly benefit of obesity treatment of 6,677,250 giving a net benefit of 6,185,250fcfa for treating obesity annually. The results also give an ACBR of 0.07 indicating a weight loss project is worthwhile. From the findings we recommend a massive sensitization on the consequences of obesity and the creation of an obesity rehabilitation centre for those who lack motivation and discipline needed to treat obesity.
Abstract: According to the WHO report of 2014, 5 people die every minute and 7,671 persons die each day from obesity related complications in the world [36]. Overweight and obesity are the fifth leading risks for global deaths. In June 2013, the American Medical Association recognized obesity as an epidemic. In Cameroon, the prevalence in 2014 stood at 9.6%,...
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Obesity and Risk of Comorbidity: Prevalence and Associated Factors in Children Aged 6 to 9 Years in Public and Private Schools in Douala-Cameroon
Ayina Ayina Clarisse Noel,
Assomo Ndemba Peguy Brice,
Mekoulou Ndongo Jerson,
Bilog Nadine Carole,
Ahmadou,
Bindi Ngasse Josiane Gertrude,
Etaga Noel Babayana,
Temfemo Abdou,
Mbanya Jean Claude,
Sobngwi Eugène,
Mandengue Samuel Honoré,
Etoundi Ngoa Laurent Serge
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, August 2020
Pages:
192-199
Received:
25 May 2020
Accepted:
10 June 2020
Published:
20 June 2020
Abstract: Childhood obesity has unhealthy consequences, both in the short and long terms. Recently, a worrying increase in overweight and obesity in Sub-Saharan African children was reported. This study aims to determine the prevalence of obesity/overweight in public and private schools in children aged 6-9 years in the city of Douala, and identify the risk factors associated with obesity and comorbidities in this population. Parental health status; children’s birth weight, breastfeeding duration, physical activity and settles way of life data were collected using a questionnaire, and correlated to obesity and related comorbidities indexes: waist circumference (WC), Waist to Height Ratio (WtHR) and body mass index (BMI). Obesity (9%) and overweight (6.1%) were found in children, mostly in private than in public schools (13.82% versus 4.4% and 10.53% versus 1.9%; P<0.0001 respectively). Parents overweight and diabetes histories, birth weight (˃4 kg), breastfeeding duration (≤6 months), having less than 6 breakfasts a week, watching television more than 2hr/day, sleeping less than 10h/day and physical inactivity at school and home were significantly associated with obesity and related comorbidities in children (p<0.05 respectively). Overweight and obesity are a reality in these children, especially in those going to the private schools. Most of the factors associated are related to parents’ and children’s health history, but also to children’s lifestyles that can be changed at home and at school.
Abstract: Childhood obesity has unhealthy consequences, both in the short and long terms. Recently, a worrying increase in overweight and obesity in Sub-Saharan African children was reported. This study aims to determine the prevalence of obesity/overweight in public and private schools in children aged 6-9 years in the city of Douala, and identify the risk ...
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Factors Influencing Contraceptive Use Among Rural Women in Ijero – Local Government Area of Ekiti - State, Nigeria
Awogbami Stephen Olalekan,
Ogunrinde Modupe Elizabeth,
Adewumi Micheal Onasanmi,
Awe Omotola,
Steve - Awogbami Oluseyi
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, August 2020
Pages:
200-206
Received:
31 May 2020
Accepted:
17 June 2020
Published:
4 July 2020
Abstract: This study was designed to essentially determine the relationship between socio-demographic factors and contraceptive use. This was with the view of identifying existing barriers to contraceptive use in the county. The study adopted a community-based, descriptive cross-sectional study. The target population was women of reproductive age, 15 to 49 years living in Ijero Local Government Area of Ekiti State. Using the sample size calculation formula, a sample of 250 women was randomly selected for the study. Data was collected using questionnaires translated and back-translated between the English and the local Yoruba language. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 20 to generate descriptive and inferential statistics such as contingency tables and bar charts. Chi square was used to find relationship between non parametric variables by testing for association at 5% (p=0, 05) level of significance. Key findings of the study reveals that respondents were young adults and largely in their reproductive age span, more than three-quarters were Christian, more than two-fifths have secondary school education; 76.8% of the sample were working; nine out of every ten women have heard about contraceptives, many respondents have used at least one type of conceptive method, Injections method was the most popular conceptive method among the respondents, and more than 30.4% of the respondents heard about contraceptives through television. Results further show that: women have considerable knowledge on different aspects of the modern contraceptives, 89.6% of women were of the view that modern contraceptive prevents unwanted pregnancy; 39.2% perceived modern contraceptive as something that can boost husband fidelity (39.2%); the most common negative effect of modern contraceptives reported is irregular menstruation among the users; and women in the study area have used injections (22%) and condoms (20.8%) more than any other modern contraceptive methods.
Abstract: This study was designed to essentially determine the relationship between socio-demographic factors and contraceptive use. This was with the view of identifying existing barriers to contraceptive use in the county. The study adopted a community-based, descriptive cross-sectional study. The target population was women of reproductive age, 15 to 49 y...
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Prevalence of Stress Among Software Professionals in Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
Revathi Goud Vaskari,
Vinod Babu Sugumaran
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, August 2020
Pages:
207-212
Received:
26 April 2020
Accepted:
23 June 2020
Published:
6 July 2020
Abstract: Background: In IT sector, factors leading to work stress and its impact on employee performance is an important factor. The factors leading to work stress and its impact on employee performance is vital for any organization to ensure its success and smooth functioning. Various studies have been done in the field of Information Technology, regarding the factors leading to work stress and its impact on employee performance. The Aim of this research mainly focuses to find out the relationship between job satisfaction of employees and how it contributes factors leading to work stress and its impact on employee performance from the target people working in an IT Company within the state of Telangana. This is a cross-sectional study involving employees from Information Technology Sector in Hyderabad, Telangana State, India. Using a structured and validated questionnaire, data were collected from 51 employees and the data was tabulated in proper format for further statistical analysis using Cronbach's alpha analysis was performed to assess the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. Using the stress score as a guideline as per ISMA questionnaire, the study participants were divided into 3 groups depending upon the severity of stress as mild, moderate and severe respectively. The goals of my thesis research were to identify the prevalence of stress among the participants in this study and also to segregate them into different groups of mild, moderate or severely stressed groups based with reference to International Stress Management Questionnaire (ISMA Questionnaire). The net result also shows that more than 50% of the study group is in group 2 where they are more prone for stress showing the impact of stress on working process. To conclude, Stress awareness programs to be conducted frequently in the office for all working professionals. As a professional every individual must have knowledge about how to overcome stress at every stage of his/her life.
Abstract: Background: In IT sector, factors leading to work stress and its impact on employee performance is an important factor. The factors leading to work stress and its impact on employee performance is vital for any organization to ensure its success and smooth functioning. Various studies have been done in the field of Information Technology, regarding...
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A Preview of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Practices in Kofai Community of Taraba State, Nigeria
Esther Nnennaya Umahi,
Emmanuel Chukwuma Obiano,
Rimande Ubandoma Joel
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, August 2020
Pages:
213-219
Received:
16 June 2020
Accepted:
28 June 2020
Published:
6 July 2020
Abstract: Water, including sources and types of treatment, sanitation and hygiene practices affect human health. The prevention, control and protection against outbreaks of water related diseases is crucial. The study assessed water, sanitation and hygiene related conditions and practices of the households in Kofai community to determine appropriate public health interventions for the community. A cross sectional descriptive study was carried out using 372 individual households selected using multistage random sampling method after due consents and ethical processes. The analysis of data was done using the SPSS software version 20.0 and Microsoft Excel 2010. The result showed that 204 (54.8%) participants were females; 267 (71.8%) were married; the mean age was 33.6±11.9 and farming formed approximately 31.2% of all occupational categories amongst the respondents. The sources of water supply was mainly through vendors 130 (34.9%), followed by borehole 92 (24.7%), well 71 (19.1%) and rain water 36 (9.7%). Type of treatment for drinking water included boiling (18.5%), filtration with cloth (16.1%), use of chlorine tablet (5.7%) and no form of treatment at all (59.7%). Only 84 (22.6%) had facility for hand washing. Domestic waste disposal practices include open dumping (73%), burning (18%), and refuse pit (9%). Sewage disposal practices were open defecation (36%), while 64% were using latrines. Of all latrines, 42.4% were pit latrines, 39.0% were pour flush, and 18.6% were cistern flush. Water, sanitation and hygiene practices and infrastructure in Kofai are in mid-stage development. More of modern water supply in form of boreholes and pipe-borne water are needed, as well as sanitary disposal of domestic waste and sewage. Provision of more latrines will drastically reduce the open defecation practice seen in more than a third of the community. Deploying appropriate triggering intervention through sustained community led total sanitation has a potential of transforming the community to an open defecation free status towards Nigeria’s target of 2025.
Abstract: Water, including sources and types of treatment, sanitation and hygiene practices affect human health. The prevention, control and protection against outbreaks of water related diseases is crucial. The study assessed water, sanitation and hygiene related conditions and practices of the households in Kofai community to determine appropriate public h...
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Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices on Sanitation Among Women of Reproductive Age at Badbado Camp, Dharkenley District, Mogadishu-Somalia
Mohamed Ahmed Alasow,
Abdirizak Mohamud Yusuf
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, August 2020
Pages:
220-225
Received:
16 June 2020
Accepted:
10 July 2020
Published:
23 July 2020
Abstract: More than 1 billion people are lacking access to an adequate water supply and 2.6 billion people are without access to proper sanitation services. Diarrheal diseases are also the third cause responsible for increased morbidity rates in all age groups in Indonesia. In 2008 Sub-Saharan Africa the diarrhea was the leading cause of death among children under 5 years, resulting in 19% of all deaths in this age group. The Corburn and Hildebrand also found that women with reproductive age are limited or no access to toilet predominantly suffered from diarrheal diseases, a leading cause of under nutrition among women during their reproductive age. This study was to determine the level of knowledge, attitudes and practices of sanitation among women of reproductive age at Badbado Camp in Dharkenley district Mogadishu, Somalia. Methodology: The study adopted across sectional, descriptive quantitative and qualitative research approach. The target populations were women of reproductive age living in the study area. Convenient sampling technique was used to recruit the 379 study participants. Semi- structured questionnaires and focus group discussion were employed in data collection. The quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS version 24, while qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: It was observed that 55.8% of the participants were aware that prevention activities are crucial aspects towards diseases spread and 44% of participants were not attentive that prevention activities are important for public health measures. Similarly, 357 (93.5%) participants reported that they normally practice hand hygiene. The 23 (6.1%) participants reported that they burnt their solid waste while 2 (0.5%) respondents stated that they bury their waste product. Conclusion: This study observed that almost three quarter of the participants had never got any information related to sanitation. Therefore, there is a need to build enough latrines for IDP setting in order to achieve free open defecation environment and the relevant authorities should set up waste collection stations and disposal sites in the study area to improve sanitation status.
Abstract: More than 1 billion people are lacking access to an adequate water supply and 2.6 billion people are without access to proper sanitation services. Diarrheal diseases are also the third cause responsible for increased morbidity rates in all age groups in Indonesia. In 2008 Sub-Saharan Africa the diarrhea was the leading cause of death among children...
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Menopause Symptoms, Complications and Preventive Methods: An Exploratory Assessment of Awareness Among 40 to 60 Years Age Women in District Hattian Bala
Attiya Hameed Khan,
Tahira Amjad,
Farah Tabassam,
Sadaf Jamil,
Mohsin Hameed Khan,
Adnan Shah
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, August 2020
Pages:
226-231
Received:
5 July 2020
Accepted:
25 July 2020
Published:
13 August 2020
Abstract: This study shows to identify the awareness level regarding symptoms and complications of menopause among Women and to determine their knowledge regarding prevention of complications of menopause. It also identify the gaps if any, in their knowledge regarding prevention of complications of menopause and give viable recommendations for creating awareness about menopause and its management in women. It was Descriptive cross-sectional study and conducted over a period of 6 months, from August 2018 to January, 2019 in the villages of District Hattian Bala. Data was collected through structured questionnaire which contain both open and close ended questions. The questions were used for the assessment of awareness of respondent regarding menopause, its symptoms, complications and preventive methods among the women in menopause age group 40-60 years. Sample was collected by using multistage probability sampling method. SPSS was used for Statistical analysis of the data. The mean age of women was, (49.59±5.712) years, the mean age of menarche was, (14.32±.474) years, the mean age at menopause was, (42.54±1.191) years. Majority of respondent had known about menopause. 297 (99%) knew about menopause, those women who knows about the preventive and curative measures about menopause were 261 (87%). (70%) women of menopausal age group were aware regarding the common medical complications associated with menopause. 117 (39.0), of respondent get information from lady health workers, 39 (13.3%) from lady health visitor, 44 (14.67%) from friends / relatives and 38 (12.7%) from electronic media. The results show that awareness regarding menopause and its symptoms has significant positive correlation with awareness regarding common medical complications associated with menopause (r=.34, p<.01) and significant positive correlation also with awareness among respondents regarding preventive methods to overcome the complications (r=.18, p<.01). The values of Pearson Product Moment Correlation also indicate that strong positive correlation exist between awareness regarding common medical complications associated with menopause and awareness among respondents regarding preventive methods to overcome the complications (r=.23, p<.01). It is concluded that menopause is a natural process and it is not a disease, but it has pestiferous effects on women who are in the menopause age due to the destitution of knowledge and awareness. To abate these effects among postmenopausal women, education and medical discussion is necessary. By the results of our study which shows that most of the respondent had a knowledge regarding menopause its symptoms, complications and preventive methods. Education level also had a strong positive correlation exist between awareness regarding menopause its symptoms complications and preventive methods.
Abstract: This study shows to identify the awareness level regarding symptoms and complications of menopause among Women and to determine their knowledge regarding prevention of complications of menopause. It also identify the gaps if any, in their knowledge regarding prevention of complications of menopause and give viable recommendations for creating aware...
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Assessment of Risky Lifestyle Behaviour Among Undergraduate Students of a Tertiary Institution in Delta State, South-South, Nigeria
Adje Ufuoma David,
Igbinedion Precious,
Achi Chukwubuikem James
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, August 2020
Pages:
232-236
Received:
11 July 2020
Accepted:
27 July 2020
Published:
18 August 2020
Abstract: Young persons are vulnerable to risky health behaviors which can predispose them to serious morbidities later in life. The objectives of this study were to identify risky lifestyle habits among college students and explore the relationship between unhealthy habits and self- reported academic performance. An adapted behavioral risk factor surveillance system (BRFSS) questionnaire was administered to 400 college students by systematic random sampling, Anonymously filled questionnaires were deposited at agreed safe locations after completion and retrieved thereafter. Data was analyzed using SPSS for windows version 21. Chi Square Test which was used to explore possible association between demographic variables and responses. Level of significance was set at 0.05. The median age of respondents was 22 years (range 17-30). Prevalence of prescription drug (codeine) abuse was 17.3% while use of tobacco, alcohol and hard drugs were 14%., 56.2% and 9.3% respectively. More than half of the students were sexually active with more males 79 (35%) reporting multiple sexual partners. More than half, 163 (68.5%) of those who had ever engaged in sexual intercourse claimed that they always or sometimes use some form of protection. More than three quarters ate breakfast regularly. More males 207 (91.6%) than females 339 (84.8%) claimed to eat fruits and vegetables regularly. Majority, 339 (84.8%) admitted eating nodules more than five times a week. The association between alcohol usage and self -reported academic performance was statistically significant but appears not to be negative. However, TV viewing for more than 2 hours a day was significantly associated with poor academic performance, Chi Square 22.940, df, 12, P=0.028. Conclusively, risky lifestyle habits among undergraduate students included smoking, alcohol usage, use of hard drugs and unprotected sexual intercourse. Poor habits that reduce sleep quality could negatively affect students’ academic performance.
Abstract: Young persons are vulnerable to risky health behaviors which can predispose them to serious morbidities later in life. The objectives of this study were to identify risky lifestyle habits among college students and explore the relationship between unhealthy habits and self- reported academic performance. An adapted behavioral risk factor surveillan...
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