A Critical Analysis of Urban Development Using the Application of Genealogy over Metropolitan City of Mashhad Iran

Masoomeh Tavangar; Alan Forghani

doi:doi:10.11648/j.earth.20231203.11

| Peer-Reviewed

A Critical Analysis of Urban Development Using the Application of Genealogy over Metropolitan City of Mashhad Iran

Masoomeh Tavangar, Alan Forghani

Published in Earth Sciences (Volume 12, Issue 3)

Received: 15 December 2022 Accepted: 16 February 2023 Published: 24 May 2023

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to explain how and why to use the genealogy approach in order to understand the evolution of the role of cities over time with special emphasis on the city of Mashhad. "The role of the city" and its developments can be analyzed with different approaches such as the economic approach or the urban geography approach. But in this research, Foucault's genealogy was used, and the city and its role were investigated under the influence of the power of governance and its mutual relations with space and knowledge. The basic questions are: Regardless of the initial formation and the geographical and political background of the city of Mashhad, what is the dominant role of this city now? How have these roles been formed over time and what discourses have been effective in creating these roles? Does this city have new power and capacity for development? Based on Foucault's theory of genealogy, the analysis of the development process of urban roles can be done using power-related tools and knowledge products. Based on this, the dominant role of cities has been formed during historical periods and between historical breaks, and new spatial links of manifestations of power and knowledge have been created in the urban space. The urban space of Mashhad and its historical, physical and social developments have been formed under the influence of an interconnected network of knowledge and power.

Published in	Earth Sciences (Volume 12, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.earth.20231203.11
Page(s)	53-64
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Genealogy, Power-Knowledge, Role of City, Urban Development, Tourism and Valuable Places, Land Use

References

[1]	Asadi, R. (2016) Analysis of Urban Space Management in the Global Space of Cities with Emphasis on city Diplomacy, case study: Mashhad, PhD Thesis, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.
[2]	Balbim, R. (2016) The Geopolitics of Cities: Old Challenges, New Issues; CITY DIPLOMACY: GLOBAL AGENDAS, LOCAL AGREEMENTS, Report, Institute for Applied Economic Research – ipea, Brazil, Agu.
[3]	Bashirieh, H. (2012). an introduction to Michel Foucault, Beyond Constructivism and Hermeneutics, by Hubert Dreyfuss and Paul Rabiner, Ney Publishing, third edition [in persian].
[4]	Berthoin Antal, A., Meusburger, P and Suarsana, L. (2014) The Importance of Knowledge Environments and Spatial Relations for Organizational Learning: An Introduction. Learning Organizations. Extending the Field Knowledge and Space, 6: 1–16.
[5]	Bolz, U. Castilla Porquet, M-L and Sivertsen, T. (2005) Cities of the Future: Global Competition, Local Leadership, Price Water House Coopers, available at: website: www.pwc.com/government (accessed 1 Sep 2019).
[6]	Campbell, S. D. (2001) The Changing Role and Identity of Capital Cities in the Global Era: a research project at University of Michigan, Report, Taubman College of Architecture and Urban Planning, USA, June.
[7]	Cornish, V. (1971) the Great Capitals; an Historical Geography. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press.
[8]	Farnahad Consulting Engineers. (2007) Mashhad Development, Civil and Infrastructure Plan, Report, Municipality of Mashhad, Iran, September.
[9]	Foucault M. (1991) Nietzsche, Genealogy, History. In: Rabinow P (Ed.) the Foucault Reader. New York: Pantheon. P. 1-400.
[10]	Foucault, M. (1969) L’archéologie Du Savoir [The Archaeology of Knowledge]. Paris: Gallimard.
[11]	Foucault, M. (1977) Discipline and Punish: The Birth of a Prison. London: Penguin Book.
[12]	Foucault, M. (1979) Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the prison. New York: Vintage Books.
[13]	Foucault, M. (1980) Power/knowledge: Selected Interviews & Other Writings, 1972–1977 (C. Gordon, Ed.). New York: Pantheon.
[14]	Foucault, M. (1982) The Subject and Power. Critical Inquiry, 8 (4): 777-795.
[15]	Foucault, M. (1994) The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences. Vintage Books: New York.
[16]	Foucault, M. (2007). Space, Knowledge and Power; Questions on Geography, 1st Edition, Routledge.
[17]	Foucault, M. (2007). Space, Knowledge and Power; The Language of Space, 1st Edition, Routledge.
[18]	Fyfe, N. and Bannister, J. (1996) City Watching: Closed Circuit Television Surveillance in Public Spaces. Area, 28 (1): 37-46.
[19]	Garland, D. (2014) What Is a ‘‘History of the Present’’? On Foucault’s Genealogies and their Critical Preconditions, Punishment & Society, 16 (4): 365–384.
[20]	Gottmann, J. (1977) The Role of Capital Cities. Athens Center of Ekistics, Urban Systems, 44 (264): 240-243.
[21]	Grbin, M, (2015) Foucault and Space, Социолошки преглед, 49 (3): 305–312.
[22]	Gregory, D, Meusburger, P, and Suarsana, L. (2015). Knowledge & Space; Power, Knowledge, and Space: A Geographical Introduction, Springer, Netherlands.
[23]	Hall, P. (1993). The Changing Role of Capital Cities: Six Types of Capital City. In Capital Cities / Les Capitals: Perspectives Internationals, Ottawa: Carleton University Press, 1-111.
[24]	Harrington, A. (2005). Modern Social Theory: An Introduction, Oxford University Press,
[25]	Herbert, S. (1996) The Geopolitics of the Police: Foucault, Disciplinary Power and the Tactics of the Los Angeles Police Department. Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/conferences/citiesoftomorrow/index_en.cfm, (accessed 5 September 2019).
[26]	Hoskin, K. W, Macve, R. H. (2002) Accounting and the examination: A genealogy of disciplinary power, Accounting, Organizations and Society, 11 (2): 105-136.
[27]	Kechuyan, H., Zaeri, Q. (2009) The Ten Main Methodological Steps in the Genealogical Analysis of Culture; Relying on Michel Foucault's Views, Quarterly Journal of Strategy and Culture, 2 (7): 7-30.
[28]	Khorasan Science and Technology Park (2011) Investigating Existing Research on Pilgrimage and their Meta-Analysis - Final Report, ACECR: Khorasan razavi, Iran.
[29]	Koskela, H. (2003) ‘Cam Era’ – the Contemporary Urban Panopticon, Surveillance & Society 1 (3): 292-313.
[30]	Mashhad Municipality, (2022) Mashhad City Statistics Reporet, Mashhad, Iran. March.
[31]	Massey, D. (1999) Philosophy and Politics of Spatiality: Some Considerations. In D. Massey (Ed.), Power-geometries and the politics of space-time, Heidelberg: Geography Department of Heidelberg University, 2: 27–42.
[32]	Mayer, H., Sager, F., Kaufmann, D., Warland, M. (2016) Capital City Dynamics: Linking Regional Innovation Systems, Locational Policies and Policy Regimes, Cities, 51: 11-20.
[33]	Mehrazan Consulting Engineers, (1991) Mashhad Master Plan 1991-1995, Report, Mashhad municipality, Iran, June.
[34]	Muir, R. (2000) A New Revenue on Political Geography, Translation by dorre Mirhiedar and Sayed Yahya Safavi, Tehran: Geographic Organization of the Armed Forces.
[35]	Pain, K. (2008) City–Regions and Economic Development, In: 9th World Congress of Metropolis, Sydney, Australia, 20 – 25 October 2008, pp. 1-155, Sydney: WOODS BAGOT.
[36]	Peet, R. (2007) Geography of Power. London: Zed Books.
[37]	Philo, C. (1992). Foucault’s geography. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 10, p. 137–161.
[38]	Pløger, J. (2008) Foucault's Dispositif and the City, Planning Theory, 7: 51-70.
[39]	Shakouee, H. (2003) New Thoughts in the Philosophy of Geography, Environmental Philosophy and Geographical Schools, Tehran: Institute of Geography and Cartography.
[40]	Soja, E. W. (1996) Third space: Journeys to Los Angeles and Other Real-and-Imagined, Mulden: Wiley-Blackwell.
[41]	United nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, the world population projected to live in urban areas by 2050, (2018).
[42]	Weaver T. (2017) Urban Crisis: The Genealogy of a Concept, Urban studies, 54 (9): 2039-2055.
[43]	West-Pavlov, R. (2009) Space in Theory. Kristeva, Foucault, Deleuze: Spatial Practices: An Interdisciplinary Series in Cultural History, Geography and Literature, New York: Rodopi.
[44]	Zeimaran, M. (2003) Michel Foucault, Knowledge and Power, Tehran: Hermes press.
[45]	Zimmermann, H. (2010) Do Different Types of Capital Cities Make a Difference for Economic Dynamism, Environment and Planning, Politics and Space, 28 (5): 761-767.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Masoomeh Tavangar, Alan Forghani. (2023). A Critical Analysis of Urban Development Using the Application of Genealogy over Metropolitan City of Mashhad Iran. Earth Sciences, 12(3), 53-64. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20231203.11

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Masoomeh Tavangar; Alan Forghani. A Critical Analysis of Urban Development Using the Application of Genealogy over Metropolitan City of Mashhad Iran. Earth Sci. 2023, 12(3), 53-64. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20231203.11

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Masoomeh Tavangar, Alan Forghani. A Critical Analysis of Urban Development Using the Application of Genealogy over Metropolitan City of Mashhad Iran. Earth Sci. 2023;12(3):53-64. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20231203.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.earth.20231203.11,
  author = {Masoomeh Tavangar and Alan Forghani},
  title = {A Critical Analysis of Urban Development Using the Application of Genealogy over Metropolitan City of Mashhad Iran},
  journal = {Earth Sciences},
  volume = {12},
  number = {3},
  pages = {53-64},
  doi = {10.11648/j.earth.20231203.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20231203.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.earth.20231203.11},
  abstract = {The purpose of this research is to explain how and why to use the genealogy approach in order to understand the evolution of the role of cities over time with special emphasis on the city of Mashhad. "The role of the city" and its developments can be analyzed with different approaches such as the economic approach or the urban geography approach. But in this research, Foucault's genealogy was used, and the city and its role were investigated under the influence of the power of governance and its mutual relations with space and knowledge. The basic questions are: Regardless of the initial formation and the geographical and political background of the city of Mashhad, what is the dominant role of this city now? How have these roles been formed over time and what discourses have been effective in creating these roles? Does this city have new power and capacity for development? Based on Foucault's theory of genealogy, the analysis of the development process of urban roles can be done using power-related tools and knowledge products. Based on this, the dominant role of cities has been formed during historical periods and between historical breaks, and new spatial links of manifestations of power and knowledge have been created in the urban space. The urban space of Mashhad and its historical, physical and social developments have been formed under the influence of an interconnected network of knowledge and power.},
 year = {2023}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - A Critical Analysis of Urban Development Using the Application of Genealogy over Metropolitan City of Mashhad Iran
AU  - Masoomeh Tavangar
AU  - Alan Forghani
Y1  - 2023/05/24
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20231203.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.earth.20231203.11
T2  - Earth Sciences
JF  - Earth Sciences
JO  - Earth Sciences
SP  - 53
EP  - 64
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5982
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20231203.11
AB  - The purpose of this research is to explain how and why to use the genealogy approach in order to understand the evolution of the role of cities over time with special emphasis on the city of Mashhad. "The role of the city" and its developments can be analyzed with different approaches such as the economic approach or the urban geography approach. But in this research, Foucault's genealogy was used, and the city and its role were investigated under the influence of the power of governance and its mutual relations with space and knowledge. The basic questions are: Regardless of the initial formation and the geographical and political background of the city of Mashhad, what is the dominant role of this city now? How have these roles been formed over time and what discourses have been effective in creating these roles? Does this city have new power and capacity for development? Based on Foucault's theory of genealogy, the analysis of the development process of urban roles can be done using power-related tools and knowledge products. Based on this, the dominant role of cities has been formed during historical periods and between historical breaks, and new spatial links of manifestations of power and knowledge have been created in the urban space. The urban space of Mashhad and its historical, physical and social developments have been formed under the influence of an interconnected network of knowledge and power.
VL  - 12
IS  - 3
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Masoomeh Tavangar

Department of Tourism Management and Planning, Academic Centre of Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Mashhad, Iran
Alan Forghani

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM), University of South Australia (UniSA), Adelaide, Australia

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Masoomeh Tavangar, Alan Forghani. (2023). A Critical Analysis of Urban Development Using the Application of Genealogy over Metropolitan City of Mashhad Iran. Earth Sciences, 12(3), 53-64. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20231203.11

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Masoomeh Tavangar; Alan Forghani. A Critical Analysis of Urban Development Using the Application of Genealogy over Metropolitan City of Mashhad Iran. Earth Sci. 2023, 12(3), 53-64. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20231203.11

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Masoomeh Tavangar, Alan Forghani. A Critical Analysis of Urban Development Using the Application of Genealogy over Metropolitan City of Mashhad Iran. Earth Sci. 2023;12(3):53-64. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20231203.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.earth.20231203.11,
  author = {Masoomeh Tavangar and Alan Forghani},
  title = {A Critical Analysis of Urban Development Using the Application of Genealogy over Metropolitan City of Mashhad Iran},
  journal = {Earth Sciences},
  volume = {12},
  number = {3},
  pages = {53-64},
  doi = {10.11648/j.earth.20231203.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20231203.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.earth.20231203.11},
  abstract = {The purpose of this research is to explain how and why to use the genealogy approach in order to understand the evolution of the role of cities over time with special emphasis on the city of Mashhad. "The role of the city" and its developments can be analyzed with different approaches such as the economic approach or the urban geography approach. But in this research, Foucault's genealogy was used, and the city and its role were investigated under the influence of the power of governance and its mutual relations with space and knowledge. The basic questions are: Regardless of the initial formation and the geographical and political background of the city of Mashhad, what is the dominant role of this city now? How have these roles been formed over time and what discourses have been effective in creating these roles? Does this city have new power and capacity for development? Based on Foucault's theory of genealogy, the analysis of the development process of urban roles can be done using power-related tools and knowledge products. Based on this, the dominant role of cities has been formed during historical periods and between historical breaks, and new spatial links of manifestations of power and knowledge have been created in the urban space. The urban space of Mashhad and its historical, physical and social developments have been formed under the influence of an interconnected network of knowledge and power.},
 year = {2023}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - A Critical Analysis of Urban Development Using the Application of Genealogy over Metropolitan City of Mashhad Iran
AU  - Masoomeh Tavangar
AU  - Alan Forghani
Y1  - 2023/05/24
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20231203.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.earth.20231203.11
T2  - Earth Sciences
JF  - Earth Sciences
JO  - Earth Sciences
SP  - 53
EP  - 64
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5982
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20231203.11
AB  - The purpose of this research is to explain how and why to use the genealogy approach in order to understand the evolution of the role of cities over time with special emphasis on the city of Mashhad. "The role of the city" and its developments can be analyzed with different approaches such as the economic approach or the urban geography approach. But in this research, Foucault's genealogy was used, and the city and its role were investigated under the influence of the power of governance and its mutual relations with space and knowledge. The basic questions are: Regardless of the initial formation and the geographical and political background of the city of Mashhad, what is the dominant role of this city now? How have these roles been formed over time and what discourses have been effective in creating these roles? Does this city have new power and capacity for development? Based on Foucault's theory of genealogy, the analysis of the development process of urban roles can be done using power-related tools and knowledge products. Based on this, the dominant role of cities has been formed during historical periods and between historical breaks, and new spatial links of manifestations of power and knowledge have been created in the urban space. The urban space of Mashhad and its historical, physical and social developments have been formed under the influence of an interconnected network of knowledge and power.
VL  - 12
IS  - 3
ER  -

Copy | Download