Bioremediation of Total Soluble Salt of Tannery Effluent Using Halophilic Microbial Consortium

Umar Mustapha; Ezeta Chibugo Loveth; Mustapha Mohammed Bashir; Mohammed Ibrahim Balarabe; Sani Bashir; Tashi Umar Tijjani; Obafemi Anate Anthony; Abdulkarim Ismail Muhammad

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijee.20170203.13

Bioremediation of Total Soluble Salt of Tannery Effluent Using Halophilic Microbial Consortium

Umar Mustapha, Ezeta Chibugo Loveth, Mustapha Mohammed Bashir, Mohammed Ibrahim Balarabe, Sani Bashir, Tashi Umar Tijjani, Obafemi Anate Anthony, Abdulkarim Ismail Muhammad

Published in International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology (Volume 2, Issue 3)

Received: 15 May 2017 Accepted: 16 June 2017 Published: 25 July 2017

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Abstract

Tannery effluent is known to contain large amount of dissolved salt (such as NaCl) used in the preliminary preservation of hides and skin, which is known to be highly soluble and stable in nature, difficult to eliminate and toxic in nature, thereby being a burden to the environment (ecosystem) and human health. The aim of this study is to isolate halophilic organisms from Nigerian Institute of Leather and Science Technology, Zaria tannery dumpsite using selective media. The isolated microbes were characterized microscopically and biochemically using standard methods. The microbes isolated include; Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus sp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The isolates were used for the bioremediation of total soluble salt in the tannery effluent. Before the tannery effluent treatment, physicochemical parameters such as temperature, pH, colour, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), chloride content, conductivity, total dissolved solid (TDS) and salinity were determined using standard procedures. The bioremediation of tannery effluent was carried out using the isolated organisms individually and in combination. The highest remediation was observed in the combination of microbial consortium, followed by Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus sp. The temperature of the effluent ranges between 27.4°C to 27.6°C before the bioremediation, which increased to between 28.4°C and 32.3°C after remediation. Majority of the physicochemical parameters analyzed recorded drastic decrease especially the salinity (7.10 ppt to 1011 ppm), conductivity (1788 µS to 1407 mS), colour (faint ash to ash), BOD (942 mg/l to 1156 mg/l), COD (1239 mg/l to 508 mg/l), chloride content (181.9 mg/l to 579.8 mg/l), pH (6.3 to 9.1) and TDS (8.20 ppt to 1322 ppm) respectively. Most of the physicochemical parameters are above the Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA) and Ethiopian Environmental Protection Authority (EEPA) standard safe limit viz; pH (6.9), Conductivity (2500 µScm^−¹), BOD₅ (50 mg/l and 200 mg/l), COD (500 mg/l). However, temperature (<40 and 40°C) and chloride content (1000 mg/l and 600 mg/l) are within the acceptable limits. Also, there is significant difference (P= 0.000 at 0.005 level of significance) between the chloride content of the tannery effluent before the bioremediation and the chloride content after ten days bioremediation. Thus, it is recommended to use these organisms in combination to remedy total dissolved salt efficiently than in single. Halophiles can be used in bioremediation of total soluble salt in tannery effluent. It is recommended that natural halophilic microbes should be used in the remediation of total soluble salts in preference to chemicals, which may contain heavy metals that cause toxicity and threat to the environment (ecosystem) and human health.

Published in	International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology (Volume 2, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijee.20170203.13
Page(s)	109-118
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Bioremediation, Microbial Consortium, Salinity, Tannery Effluent, Physicochemical Parameters, Halophiles

References

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Umar Mustapha, Ezeta Chibugo Loveth, Mustapha Mohammed Bashir, Mohammed Ibrahim Balarabe, Sani Bashir, et al. (2017). Bioremediation of Total Soluble Salt of Tannery Effluent Using Halophilic Microbial Consortium. International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology, 2(3), 109-118. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20170203.13

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Umar Mustapha; Ezeta Chibugo Loveth; Mustapha Mohammed Bashir; Mohammed Ibrahim Balarabe; Sani Bashir, et al. Bioremediation of Total Soluble Salt of Tannery Effluent Using Halophilic Microbial Consortium. Int. J. Ecotoxicol. Ecobiol. 2017, 2(3), 109-118. doi: 10.11648/j.ijee.20170203.13

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AMA Style

Umar Mustapha, Ezeta Chibugo Loveth, Mustapha Mohammed Bashir, Mohammed Ibrahim Balarabe, Sani Bashir, et al. Bioremediation of Total Soluble Salt of Tannery Effluent Using Halophilic Microbial Consortium. Int J Ecotoxicol Ecobiol. 2017;2(3):109-118. doi: 10.11648/j.ijee.20170203.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ijee.20170203.13,
  author = {Umar Mustapha and Ezeta Chibugo Loveth and Mustapha Mohammed Bashir and Mohammed Ibrahim Balarabe and Sani Bashir and Tashi Umar Tijjani and Obafemi Anate Anthony and Abdulkarim Ismail Muhammad},
  title = {Bioremediation of Total Soluble Salt of Tannery Effluent Using Halophilic Microbial Consortium},
  journal = {International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3},
  pages = {109-118},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijee.20170203.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20170203.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijee.20170203.13},
  abstract = {Tannery effluent is known to contain large amount of dissolved salt (such as NaCl) used in the preliminary preservation of hides and skin, which is known to be highly soluble and stable in nature, difficult to eliminate and toxic in nature, thereby being a burden to the environment (ecosystem) and human health. The aim of this study is to isolate halophilic organisms from Nigerian Institute of Leather and Science Technology, Zaria tannery dumpsite using selective media. The isolated microbes were characterized microscopically and biochemically using standard methods. The microbes isolated include; Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus sp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The isolates were used for the bioremediation of total soluble salt in the tannery effluent. Before the tannery effluent treatment, physicochemical parameters such as temperature, pH, colour, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), chloride content, conductivity, total dissolved solid (TDS) and salinity were determined using standard procedures. The bioremediation of tannery effluent was carried out using the isolated organisms individually and in combination. The highest remediation was observed in the combination of microbial consortium, followed by Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus sp. The temperature of the effluent ranges between 27.4°C to 27.6°C before the bioremediation, which increased to between 28.4°C and 32.3°C after remediation. Majority of the physicochemical parameters analyzed recorded drastic decrease especially the salinity (7.10 ppt to 1011 ppm), conductivity (1788 µS to 1407 mS), colour (faint ash to ash), BOD (942 mg/l to 1156 mg/l), COD (1239 mg/l to 508 mg/l), chloride content (181.9 mg/l to 579.8 mg/l), pH (6.3 to 9.1) and TDS (8.20 ppt to 1322 ppm) respectively. Most of the physicochemical parameters are above the Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA) and Ethiopian Environmental Protection Authority (EEPA) standard safe limit viz; pH (6.9), Conductivity (2500 µScm−¹), BOD5 (50 mg/l and 200 mg/l), COD (500 mg/l). However, temperature (<40 and 40°C) and chloride content (1000 mg/l and 600 mg/l) are within the acceptable limits. Also, there is significant difference (P= 0.000 at 0.005 level of significance) between the chloride content of the tannery effluent before the bioremediation and the chloride content after ten days bioremediation. Thus, it is recommended to use these organisms in combination to remedy total dissolved salt efficiently than in single. Halophiles can be used in bioremediation of total soluble salt in tannery effluent. It is recommended that natural halophilic microbes should be used in the remediation of total soluble salts in preference to chemicals, which may contain heavy metals that cause toxicity and threat to the environment (ecosystem) and human health.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Bioremediation of Total Soluble Salt of Tannery Effluent Using Halophilic Microbial Consortium
AU  - Umar Mustapha
AU  - Ezeta Chibugo Loveth
AU  - Mustapha Mohammed Bashir
AU  - Mohammed Ibrahim Balarabe
AU  - Sani Bashir
AU  - Tashi Umar Tijjani
AU  - Obafemi Anate Anthony
AU  - Abdulkarim Ismail Muhammad
Y1  - 2017/07/25
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20170203.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijee.20170203.13
T2  - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology
JF  - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology
JO  - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology
SP  - 109
EP  - 118
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1735
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20170203.13
AB  - Tannery effluent is known to contain large amount of dissolved salt (such as NaCl) used in the preliminary preservation of hides and skin, which is known to be highly soluble and stable in nature, difficult to eliminate and toxic in nature, thereby being a burden to the environment (ecosystem) and human health. The aim of this study is to isolate halophilic organisms from Nigerian Institute of Leather and Science Technology, Zaria tannery dumpsite using selective media. The isolated microbes were characterized microscopically and biochemically using standard methods. The microbes isolated include; Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus sp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The isolates were used for the bioremediation of total soluble salt in the tannery effluent. Before the tannery effluent treatment, physicochemical parameters such as temperature, pH, colour, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), chloride content, conductivity, total dissolved solid (TDS) and salinity were determined using standard procedures. The bioremediation of tannery effluent was carried out using the isolated organisms individually and in combination. The highest remediation was observed in the combination of microbial consortium, followed by Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus sp. The temperature of the effluent ranges between 27.4°C to 27.6°C before the bioremediation, which increased to between 28.4°C and 32.3°C after remediation. Majority of the physicochemical parameters analyzed recorded drastic decrease especially the salinity (7.10 ppt to 1011 ppm), conductivity (1788 µS to 1407 mS), colour (faint ash to ash), BOD (942 mg/l to 1156 mg/l), COD (1239 mg/l to 508 mg/l), chloride content (181.9 mg/l to 579.8 mg/l), pH (6.3 to 9.1) and TDS (8.20 ppt to 1322 ppm) respectively. Most of the physicochemical parameters are above the Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA) and Ethiopian Environmental Protection Authority (EEPA) standard safe limit viz; pH (6.9), Conductivity (2500 µScm−¹), BOD5 (50 mg/l and 200 mg/l), COD (500 mg/l). However, temperature (<40 and 40°C) and chloride content (1000 mg/l and 600 mg/l) are within the acceptable limits. Also, there is significant difference (P= 0.000 at 0.005 level of significance) between the chloride content of the tannery effluent before the bioremediation and the chloride content after ten days bioremediation. Thus, it is recommended to use these organisms in combination to remedy total dissolved salt efficiently than in single. Halophiles can be used in bioremediation of total soluble salt in tannery effluent. It is recommended that natural halophilic microbes should be used in the remediation of total soluble salts in preference to chemicals, which may contain heavy metals that cause toxicity and threat to the environment (ecosystem) and human health.
VL  - 2
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Umar Mustapha

Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Nigerian Institute of Leather and Science Technology, Zaria, Nigeria
Ezeta Chibugo Loveth

Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Nigerian Institute of Leather and Science Technology, Zaria, Nigeria
Mustapha Mohammed Bashir

Department of Leather and Leather Products Technology, Nigerian Institute of Leather and Science Technology, Zaria, Nigeria
Mohammed Ibrahim Balarabe

Department of Industrial Chemical Process Technology, Nigerian Institute of Leather and Science Technology, Zaria, Nigeria
Sani Bashir

Department of Electrical Engineering, Directorate of Works and Infrastructural Development, Nigerian Institute of Leather and Science Technology, Zaria, Nigeria
Tashi Umar Tijjani

Department of Leather and Leather Products Technology, Nigerian Institute of Leather and Science Technology, Zaria, Nigeria
Obafemi Anate Anthony

Department of General Studies, Nigerian Institute of Leather and Science Technology, Zaria, Nigeria
Abdulkarim Ismail Muhammad

Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Nigerian Institute of Leather and Science Technology, Zaria, Nigeria

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Umar Mustapha, Ezeta Chibugo Loveth, Mustapha Mohammed Bashir, Mohammed Ibrahim Balarabe, Sani Bashir, et al. (2017). Bioremediation of Total Soluble Salt of Tannery Effluent Using Halophilic Microbial Consortium. International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology, 2(3), 109-118. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20170203.13

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ACS Style

Umar Mustapha; Ezeta Chibugo Loveth; Mustapha Mohammed Bashir; Mohammed Ibrahim Balarabe; Sani Bashir, et al. Bioremediation of Total Soluble Salt of Tannery Effluent Using Halophilic Microbial Consortium. Int. J. Ecotoxicol. Ecobiol. 2017, 2(3), 109-118. doi: 10.11648/j.ijee.20170203.13

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AMA Style

Umar Mustapha, Ezeta Chibugo Loveth, Mustapha Mohammed Bashir, Mohammed Ibrahim Balarabe, Sani Bashir, et al. Bioremediation of Total Soluble Salt of Tannery Effluent Using Halophilic Microbial Consortium. Int J Ecotoxicol Ecobiol. 2017;2(3):109-118. doi: 10.11648/j.ijee.20170203.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ijee.20170203.13,
  author = {Umar Mustapha and Ezeta Chibugo Loveth and Mustapha Mohammed Bashir and Mohammed Ibrahim Balarabe and Sani Bashir and Tashi Umar Tijjani and Obafemi Anate Anthony and Abdulkarim Ismail Muhammad},
  title = {Bioremediation of Total Soluble Salt of Tannery Effluent Using Halophilic Microbial Consortium},
  journal = {International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3},
  pages = {109-118},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijee.20170203.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20170203.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijee.20170203.13},
  abstract = {Tannery effluent is known to contain large amount of dissolved salt (such as NaCl) used in the preliminary preservation of hides and skin, which is known to be highly soluble and stable in nature, difficult to eliminate and toxic in nature, thereby being a burden to the environment (ecosystem) and human health. The aim of this study is to isolate halophilic organisms from Nigerian Institute of Leather and Science Technology, Zaria tannery dumpsite using selective media. The isolated microbes were characterized microscopically and biochemically using standard methods. The microbes isolated include; Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus sp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The isolates were used for the bioremediation of total soluble salt in the tannery effluent. Before the tannery effluent treatment, physicochemical parameters such as temperature, pH, colour, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), chloride content, conductivity, total dissolved solid (TDS) and salinity were determined using standard procedures. The bioremediation of tannery effluent was carried out using the isolated organisms individually and in combination. The highest remediation was observed in the combination of microbial consortium, followed by Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus sp. The temperature of the effluent ranges between 27.4°C to 27.6°C before the bioremediation, which increased to between 28.4°C and 32.3°C after remediation. Majority of the physicochemical parameters analyzed recorded drastic decrease especially the salinity (7.10 ppt to 1011 ppm), conductivity (1788 µS to 1407 mS), colour (faint ash to ash), BOD (942 mg/l to 1156 mg/l), COD (1239 mg/l to 508 mg/l), chloride content (181.9 mg/l to 579.8 mg/l), pH (6.3 to 9.1) and TDS (8.20 ppt to 1322 ppm) respectively. Most of the physicochemical parameters are above the Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA) and Ethiopian Environmental Protection Authority (EEPA) standard safe limit viz; pH (6.9), Conductivity (2500 µScm−¹), BOD5 (50 mg/l and 200 mg/l), COD (500 mg/l). However, temperature (<40 and 40°C) and chloride content (1000 mg/l and 600 mg/l) are within the acceptable limits. Also, there is significant difference (P= 0.000 at 0.005 level of significance) between the chloride content of the tannery effluent before the bioremediation and the chloride content after ten days bioremediation. Thus, it is recommended to use these organisms in combination to remedy total dissolved salt efficiently than in single. Halophiles can be used in bioremediation of total soluble salt in tannery effluent. It is recommended that natural halophilic microbes should be used in the remediation of total soluble salts in preference to chemicals, which may contain heavy metals that cause toxicity and threat to the environment (ecosystem) and human health.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Bioremediation of Total Soluble Salt of Tannery Effluent Using Halophilic Microbial Consortium
AU  - Umar Mustapha
AU  - Ezeta Chibugo Loveth
AU  - Mustapha Mohammed Bashir
AU  - Mohammed Ibrahim Balarabe
AU  - Sani Bashir
AU  - Tashi Umar Tijjani
AU  - Obafemi Anate Anthony
AU  - Abdulkarim Ismail Muhammad
Y1  - 2017/07/25
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20170203.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijee.20170203.13
T2  - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology
JF  - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology
JO  - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology
SP  - 109
EP  - 118
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1735
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20170203.13
AB  - Tannery effluent is known to contain large amount of dissolved salt (such as NaCl) used in the preliminary preservation of hides and skin, which is known to be highly soluble and stable in nature, difficult to eliminate and toxic in nature, thereby being a burden to the environment (ecosystem) and human health. The aim of this study is to isolate halophilic organisms from Nigerian Institute of Leather and Science Technology, Zaria tannery dumpsite using selective media. The isolated microbes were characterized microscopically and biochemically using standard methods. The microbes isolated include; Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus sp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The isolates were used for the bioremediation of total soluble salt in the tannery effluent. Before the tannery effluent treatment, physicochemical parameters such as temperature, pH, colour, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), chloride content, conductivity, total dissolved solid (TDS) and salinity were determined using standard procedures. The bioremediation of tannery effluent was carried out using the isolated organisms individually and in combination. The highest remediation was observed in the combination of microbial consortium, followed by Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus sp. The temperature of the effluent ranges between 27.4°C to 27.6°C before the bioremediation, which increased to between 28.4°C and 32.3°C after remediation. Majority of the physicochemical parameters analyzed recorded drastic decrease especially the salinity (7.10 ppt to 1011 ppm), conductivity (1788 µS to 1407 mS), colour (faint ash to ash), BOD (942 mg/l to 1156 mg/l), COD (1239 mg/l to 508 mg/l), chloride content (181.9 mg/l to 579.8 mg/l), pH (6.3 to 9.1) and TDS (8.20 ppt to 1322 ppm) respectively. Most of the physicochemical parameters are above the Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA) and Ethiopian Environmental Protection Authority (EEPA) standard safe limit viz; pH (6.9), Conductivity (2500 µScm−¹), BOD5 (50 mg/l and 200 mg/l), COD (500 mg/l). However, temperature (<40 and 40°C) and chloride content (1000 mg/l and 600 mg/l) are within the acceptable limits. Also, there is significant difference (P= 0.000 at 0.005 level of significance) between the chloride content of the tannery effluent before the bioremediation and the chloride content after ten days bioremediation. Thus, it is recommended to use these organisms in combination to remedy total dissolved salt efficiently than in single. Halophiles can be used in bioremediation of total soluble salt in tannery effluent. It is recommended that natural halophilic microbes should be used in the remediation of total soluble salts in preference to chemicals, which may contain heavy metals that cause toxicity and threat to the environment (ecosystem) and human health.
VL  - 2
IS  - 3
ER  -

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