Ultimate Biodegradation of Industrial Detergent Used in the Upstream Sector of the Nigeria Petroleum Industry in Freshwater, Brackish and Marine Water

Renner Renner Nrior; Lucky Odokuma; Elizabeth Tete

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijee.20170204.11

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Ultimate Biodegradation of Industrial Detergent Used in the Upstream Sector of the Nigeria Petroleum Industry in Freshwater, Brackish and Marine Water

Renner Renner Nrior, Lucky Odokuma, Elizabeth Tete

Published in International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology (Volume 2, Issue 4)

Received: 19 May 2017 Accepted: 22 June 2017 Published: 22 September 2017

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Abstract

Ultimate biodegradability of Industrial detergent; Teepol and Gamazyme used in the upstream sector of the Nigeria petroleum industry were investigated in fresh, brackish and marine water systems. The methodology of ultimate biodegradability estimated from the ratio of Biochemical Oxygen Demand to Chemical Oxygen Demand was used to determine biodegradability. Evaluation of percentage (%) ultimate biodegradation at day 20; showed T-pol (71.2%) to be more biodegradable in brackish water system while Gamazyme (31.1%) in fresh water system is least. Comparatively, biodegradability potential of the Industrial detergents in the tri-aquatic systems were; Fresh water system: T-pol (46.6%) >Gamazyme (31.1%). Brackish water system: Gamazyme BTC (73.1%) > T-pol (71.2%). Marine water system: T-pol (55.6%) >Gamazyme (44.7%). Industrial detergent utilizing bacteria genera isolated and their frequency were; Pseudomonas 35.7%, Bacillus 30.7%, Micrococcus 15.4% and Enterobacter 15.4% while fungi genera were; Aspergillus, Penicillium, Rhizopusand Mucor. Conclusively, the study showed that Industrial detergent Gamazyme BTC had a very low biodegradation potential in fresh and marine water environment especially in fresh water. Based on these findings; the use of Industrial detergent Gamazyme should be with high caution or discontinued in the upstream sector of the Nigeria Petroleum Industry.

Published in	International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology (Volume 2, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijee.20170204.11
Page(s)	134-144
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Ultimate Biodegradation, Industrial Detergent, Teepol, Gamazyme, Marine Water, Brackish Water, Freshwater, Pseudomonas sp, Bacillus sp

References

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[4]	Fuhrman, J. A. (1999). Marine Viruses and their biogeochemical and Ecological Effects. Nature 399:541-548.
[5]	Holding, B. V. (2005). Detergents occurring in freshwater. http://www.lennetech.com/aquatic/detergents.htm.
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[7]	Nigeria Environmental Study Action Team (NEST, 1991). Nigerians threatened environment: A nottems profile: pp 84-88. A NEST Publication, Ibadan, Nigeria.
[8]	Nrior, R. R. and Odokuma L. O. (2015) Ultimate Biodegradability potential of Trichloroethylene (TCE) used as Degreaser in marine, brackish and fresh water Journal of Environmental Sciences, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTET) www.iosrjournals.org9:80-89. doi: 10.9790/2402-09728089
[9]	Nrior R. R. and Wosa C. (2016) Biodegradation of oil spill dispersant in brackish water ecosystem of the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Journal of International Society of Comparative Education, Science and Technology (ICEST) 3(1):187-201
[10]	Ogbulie T. E., Ogbulie J. N., and Umezurulke J. (2008) Biodegradation of Detergents by aquatic bacterial flora from Otamiri River, Nigeria. African Journal of Biotech 7(6) 824-830.
[11]	Okpokwasili, G. C. and Nwabuzor, C. N. (1988). Primary Biodegradation ofAniomic Surfactants in Laundry Detergents. Chemosphere 17: 2175 -2182.
[12]	Okpokwasili, G. C. andNnubia, C. (1995). Effects of oil spill dispersants and drilling fluids on substrate specificity of marine bacteria, Waste. Manage. 7:515-520.
[13]	Okpokwasili, G. C andOdokuma, L. O. (1990). Effect of Salinity on Biodegradation of oil Spill Dispersant, Waste. Manage. 10:141-146.
[14]	Okpokwasili, G. C. andOlisa AO (1991). River-Water Biodegradation of Surfactants in Liquid Detergents and Shampoos. Water Res., 25:1425-1429.
[15]	Okpokwasili, G. O. andOlisa, A. O. (1991). River water biodegradability of surfactants in liquid detergent and shampoos. Water Res. 25: 1425-1429.
[16]	Olusola, A. O. and Benjamin A. A. (2009). Biodegradation of synthetic detergents in wastewater. African Journal of Biotech 8(6) 1090-1109.
[17]	Prescott, L. M., Harley, J. and Klein, D. A. (2011). Microbiology fifth edition McGraw-Hill Companies.
[18]	Spain, J. C. and Van Veld, P. A. (1983). Adaptation of natural microbialcommunities to degradation of xenobiotic compounds: effects ofconcentration, exposure, time, inoculum and chemical structure. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 45: 428-435.
[19]	Swisher, R. D. (1987). Surfactant Biodegradation. 2^nd ed. Marcel Dekker, New York. USA, pp. 130-142.

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APA Style

Renner Renner Nrior, Lucky Odokuma, Elizabeth Tete. (2017). Ultimate Biodegradation of Industrial Detergent Used in the Upstream Sector of the Nigeria Petroleum Industry in Freshwater, Brackish and Marine Water. International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology, 2(4), 134-144. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20170204.11

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ACS Style

Renner Renner Nrior; Lucky Odokuma; Elizabeth Tete. Ultimate Biodegradation of Industrial Detergent Used in the Upstream Sector of the Nigeria Petroleum Industry in Freshwater, Brackish and Marine Water. Int. J. Ecotoxicol. Ecobiol. 2017, 2(4), 134-144. doi: 10.11648/j.ijee.20170204.11

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AMA Style

Renner Renner Nrior, Lucky Odokuma, Elizabeth Tete. Ultimate Biodegradation of Industrial Detergent Used in the Upstream Sector of the Nigeria Petroleum Industry in Freshwater, Brackish and Marine Water. Int J Ecotoxicol Ecobiol. 2017;2(4):134-144. doi: 10.11648/j.ijee.20170204.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijee.20170204.11,
  author = {Renner Renner Nrior and Lucky Odokuma and Elizabeth Tete},
  title = {Ultimate Biodegradation of Industrial Detergent Used in the Upstream Sector of the Nigeria Petroleum Industry in Freshwater, Brackish and Marine Water},
  journal = {International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology},
  volume = {2},
  number = {4},
  pages = {134-144},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijee.20170204.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20170204.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijee.20170204.11},
  abstract = {Ultimate biodegradability of Industrial detergent; Teepol and Gamazyme used in the upstream sector of the Nigeria petroleum industry were investigated in fresh, brackish and marine water systems. The methodology of ultimate biodegradability estimated from the ratio of Biochemical Oxygen Demand to Chemical Oxygen Demand was used to determine biodegradability. Evaluation of percentage (%) ultimate biodegradation at day 20; showed T-pol (71.2%) to be more biodegradable in brackish water system while Gamazyme (31.1%) in fresh water system is least. Comparatively, biodegradability potential of the Industrial detergents in the tri-aquatic systems were; Fresh water system: T-pol (46.6%) >Gamazyme (31.1%). Brackish water system: Gamazyme BTC (73.1%) > T-pol (71.2%). Marine water system: T-pol (55.6%) >Gamazyme (44.7%). Industrial detergent utilizing bacteria genera isolated and their frequency were; Pseudomonas 35.7%, Bacillus 30.7%, Micrococcus 15.4% and Enterobacter 15.4% while fungi genera were; Aspergillus, Penicillium, Rhizopusand Mucor. Conclusively, the study showed that Industrial detergent Gamazyme BTC had a very low biodegradation potential in fresh and marine water environment especially in fresh water. Based on these findings; the use of Industrial detergent Gamazyme should be with high caution or discontinued in the upstream sector of the Nigeria Petroleum Industry.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Ultimate Biodegradation of Industrial Detergent Used in the Upstream Sector of the Nigeria Petroleum Industry in Freshwater, Brackish and Marine Water
AU  - Renner Renner Nrior
AU  - Lucky Odokuma
AU  - Elizabeth Tete
Y1  - 2017/09/22
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20170204.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijee.20170204.11
T2  - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology
JF  - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology
JO  - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology
SP  - 134
EP  - 144
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1735
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20170204.11
AB  - Ultimate biodegradability of Industrial detergent; Teepol and Gamazyme used in the upstream sector of the Nigeria petroleum industry were investigated in fresh, brackish and marine water systems. The methodology of ultimate biodegradability estimated from the ratio of Biochemical Oxygen Demand to Chemical Oxygen Demand was used to determine biodegradability. Evaluation of percentage (%) ultimate biodegradation at day 20; showed T-pol (71.2%) to be more biodegradable in brackish water system while Gamazyme (31.1%) in fresh water system is least. Comparatively, biodegradability potential of the Industrial detergents in the tri-aquatic systems were; Fresh water system: T-pol (46.6%) >Gamazyme (31.1%). Brackish water system: Gamazyme BTC (73.1%) > T-pol (71.2%). Marine water system: T-pol (55.6%) >Gamazyme (44.7%). Industrial detergent utilizing bacteria genera isolated and their frequency were; Pseudomonas 35.7%, Bacillus 30.7%, Micrococcus 15.4% and Enterobacter 15.4% while fungi genera were; Aspergillus, Penicillium, Rhizopusand Mucor. Conclusively, the study showed that Industrial detergent Gamazyme BTC had a very low biodegradation potential in fresh and marine water environment especially in fresh water. Based on these findings; the use of Industrial detergent Gamazyme should be with high caution or discontinued in the upstream sector of the Nigeria Petroleum Industry.
VL  - 2
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Renner Renner Nrior

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Lucky Odokuma

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Elizabeth Tete

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

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APA Style

Renner Renner Nrior, Lucky Odokuma, Elizabeth Tete. (2017). Ultimate Biodegradation of Industrial Detergent Used in the Upstream Sector of the Nigeria Petroleum Industry in Freshwater, Brackish and Marine Water. International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology, 2(4), 134-144. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20170204.11

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ACS Style

Renner Renner Nrior; Lucky Odokuma; Elizabeth Tete. Ultimate Biodegradation of Industrial Detergent Used in the Upstream Sector of the Nigeria Petroleum Industry in Freshwater, Brackish and Marine Water. Int. J. Ecotoxicol. Ecobiol. 2017, 2(4), 134-144. doi: 10.11648/j.ijee.20170204.11

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AMA Style

Renner Renner Nrior, Lucky Odokuma, Elizabeth Tete. Ultimate Biodegradation of Industrial Detergent Used in the Upstream Sector of the Nigeria Petroleum Industry in Freshwater, Brackish and Marine Water. Int J Ecotoxicol Ecobiol. 2017;2(4):134-144. doi: 10.11648/j.ijee.20170204.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijee.20170204.11,
  author = {Renner Renner Nrior and Lucky Odokuma and Elizabeth Tete},
  title = {Ultimate Biodegradation of Industrial Detergent Used in the Upstream Sector of the Nigeria Petroleum Industry in Freshwater, Brackish and Marine Water},
  journal = {International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology},
  volume = {2},
  number = {4},
  pages = {134-144},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijee.20170204.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20170204.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijee.20170204.11},
  abstract = {Ultimate biodegradability of Industrial detergent; Teepol and Gamazyme used in the upstream sector of the Nigeria petroleum industry were investigated in fresh, brackish and marine water systems. The methodology of ultimate biodegradability estimated from the ratio of Biochemical Oxygen Demand to Chemical Oxygen Demand was used to determine biodegradability. Evaluation of percentage (%) ultimate biodegradation at day 20; showed T-pol (71.2%) to be more biodegradable in brackish water system while Gamazyme (31.1%) in fresh water system is least. Comparatively, biodegradability potential of the Industrial detergents in the tri-aquatic systems were; Fresh water system: T-pol (46.6%) >Gamazyme (31.1%). Brackish water system: Gamazyme BTC (73.1%) > T-pol (71.2%). Marine water system: T-pol (55.6%) >Gamazyme (44.7%). Industrial detergent utilizing bacteria genera isolated and their frequency were; Pseudomonas 35.7%, Bacillus 30.7%, Micrococcus 15.4% and Enterobacter 15.4% while fungi genera were; Aspergillus, Penicillium, Rhizopusand Mucor. Conclusively, the study showed that Industrial detergent Gamazyme BTC had a very low biodegradation potential in fresh and marine water environment especially in fresh water. Based on these findings; the use of Industrial detergent Gamazyme should be with high caution or discontinued in the upstream sector of the Nigeria Petroleum Industry.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Ultimate Biodegradation of Industrial Detergent Used in the Upstream Sector of the Nigeria Petroleum Industry in Freshwater, Brackish and Marine Water
AU  - Renner Renner Nrior
AU  - Lucky Odokuma
AU  - Elizabeth Tete
Y1  - 2017/09/22
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20170204.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijee.20170204.11
T2  - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology
JF  - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology
JO  - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology
SP  - 134
EP  - 144
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1735
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20170204.11
AB  - Ultimate biodegradability of Industrial detergent; Teepol and Gamazyme used in the upstream sector of the Nigeria petroleum industry were investigated in fresh, brackish and marine water systems. The methodology of ultimate biodegradability estimated from the ratio of Biochemical Oxygen Demand to Chemical Oxygen Demand was used to determine biodegradability. Evaluation of percentage (%) ultimate biodegradation at day 20; showed T-pol (71.2%) to be more biodegradable in brackish water system while Gamazyme (31.1%) in fresh water system is least. Comparatively, biodegradability potential of the Industrial detergents in the tri-aquatic systems were; Fresh water system: T-pol (46.6%) >Gamazyme (31.1%). Brackish water system: Gamazyme BTC (73.1%) > T-pol (71.2%). Marine water system: T-pol (55.6%) >Gamazyme (44.7%). Industrial detergent utilizing bacteria genera isolated and their frequency were; Pseudomonas 35.7%, Bacillus 30.7%, Micrococcus 15.4% and Enterobacter 15.4% while fungi genera were; Aspergillus, Penicillium, Rhizopusand Mucor. Conclusively, the study showed that Industrial detergent Gamazyme BTC had a very low biodegradation potential in fresh and marine water environment especially in fresh water. Based on these findings; the use of Industrial detergent Gamazyme should be with high caution or discontinued in the upstream sector of the Nigeria Petroleum Industry.
VL  - 2
IS  - 4
ER  -

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