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Ultimate Biodegradation of Industrial Detergent Used in the Upstream Sector of the Nigeria Petroleum Industry in Freshwater, Brackish and Marine Water
Renner Renner Nrior,
Lucky Odokuma,
Elizabeth Tete
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, December 2017
Pages:
134-144
Received:
19 May 2017
Accepted:
22 June 2017
Published:
22 September 2017
Abstract: Ultimate biodegradability of Industrial detergent; Teepol and Gamazyme used in the upstream sector of the Nigeria petroleum industry were investigated in fresh, brackish and marine water systems. The methodology of ultimate biodegradability estimated from the ratio of Biochemical Oxygen Demand to Chemical Oxygen Demand was used to determine biodegradability. Evaluation of percentage (%) ultimate biodegradation at day 20; showed T-pol (71.2%) to be more biodegradable in brackish water system while Gamazyme (31.1%) in fresh water system is least. Comparatively, biodegradability potential of the Industrial detergents in the tri-aquatic systems were; Fresh water system: T-pol (46.6%) >Gamazyme (31.1%). Brackish water system: Gamazyme BTC (73.1%) > T-pol (71.2%). Marine water system: T-pol (55.6%) >Gamazyme (44.7%). Industrial detergent utilizing bacteria genera isolated and their frequency were; Pseudomonas 35.7%, Bacillus 30.7%, Micrococcus 15.4% and Enterobacter 15.4% while fungi genera were; Aspergillus, Penicillium, Rhizopusand Mucor. Conclusively, the study showed that Industrial detergent Gamazyme BTC had a very low biodegradation potential in fresh and marine water environment especially in fresh water. Based on these findings; the use of Industrial detergent Gamazyme should be with high caution or discontinued in the upstream sector of the Nigeria Petroleum Industry.
Abstract: Ultimate biodegradability of Industrial detergent; Teepol and Gamazyme used in the upstream sector of the Nigeria petroleum industry were investigated in fresh, brackish and marine water systems. The methodology of ultimate biodegradability estimated from the ratio of Biochemical Oxygen Demand to Chemical Oxygen Demand was used to determine biodegr...
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Evaluating the Toxicity Effect of Euphorbia Contifolia on Honey Bees (Apis mellifera) at Field Condition
Alemayehu Gela,
Taye Negara
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, December 2017
Pages:
145-149
Received:
18 August 2017
Accepted:
30 August 2017
Published:
26 September 2017
Abstract: The recent decline of honey bee population raises speculations from different angles. Exposure to poisoning substances is proposed as prime factor for honeybee deaths and colony reduction. Euphorbia contifolia, commonly known as “key abeba” is suspected as poisonousplant to honeybees and other animals in different regions of Ethiopia. An attempt was made to test the phytotoxic effect of this plant on honeybees in Illubabora and Jimma zones of Oromia region. Questioner survey and controlled experiment were used to assess the effect of E.contifolia on honeybees during its flowering season. Data on numberof dead adult bees and bee broods were counted at every 3hr, 4hr, 5hr, 6hr and 12hr of the day for five consecutive days. The survey result indicates that anaverage of 52% of the respondents of the two zones suspected that E. contifolia causes death and narcosis of foraging bees. In contrast, the mean mortality rate of adult and brood bees between the treatment and control group did not significantly differ (P >0.05), and no any narcosis symptom observed during the experimental test. This demonstratesthe absence of distinct toxic effect of the plant on honeybees. However, further study on the plant’s nectar and pollen active compound is recommended to reach into full understanding.
Abstract: The recent decline of honey bee population raises speculations from different angles. Exposure to poisoning substances is proposed as prime factor for honeybee deaths and colony reduction. Euphorbia contifolia, commonly known as “key abeba” is suspected as poisonousplant to honeybees and other animals in different regions of Ethiopia. An attempt wa...
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Evaluation of Metabolites of Clarias gariepinus Exposed to Sub-Lethal Concentrations of Oilfield Wastewater
Nedie Patience Akani,
Adaobi Patricia Ugbomeh,
Ugwemorubong Ujagwung Gabriel
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, December 2017
Pages:
150-157
Received:
20 March 2017
Accepted:
31 October 2017
Published:
25 November 2017
Abstract: Twenty-eight adult Clarias gariepinus (mean weight 205 ± 12.89g SD; mean length; 31.13 ± 3.82cm SD) were exposed to various concentrations (0. 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60%) in quadruplicates of an oilfield wastewater and were investigated for its responses on metabolites in tissue (plasma, gill, liver, kidney and muscle) samples after 28 days. The result showed that in all the tissues tested the values of total protein, creatinin and total bilirubin in all the control (0%) were higher (p≤0.05) than at treatment level. Metabolites in the plasma differed (P≤0.05) between concentrations except for creatinine and total bilirubin. Albumin in the control and treated fish were similar (p≥0.05) except in plasma and liver which recorded lower values than their control (p≤0.05). Total urea recorded its highest value at the highest concentration (60%) ranging between 4.25±0.09 in kidney and 12.0±1.47 mmol/l in muscle. Generally, the values did not follow a particular trend except for albumin values that decreased with an increased concentration of the toxicant. Significant changes observed in the study suggest stress induced by the oilfield wastewater on C. gariepinus hence the advocating for proper treatment of the wastewater before discharge into the environment.
Abstract: Twenty-eight adult Clarias gariepinus (mean weight 205 ± 12.89g SD; mean length; 31.13 ± 3.82cm SD) were exposed to various concentrations (0. 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60%) in quadruplicates of an oilfield wastewater and were investigated for its responses on metabolites in tissue (plasma, gill, liver, kidney and muscle) samples after 28 days. The re...
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Adsorption of Toxic Ni (II) from an Aqueous Solution by Bentonite
Soad Mohamed Sallam,
Abeer El-Saharty,
Abdel-Moniem Ahmed
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, December 2017
Pages:
158-165
Received:
16 August 2017
Accepted:
28 August 2017
Published:
30 November 2017
Abstract: In this study, the adsorption potential of bentonite for removal of Ni(II) ions from wastewater has been investigated. The study involves batch type experiments to investigate the effect of initial concentration, adsorbent dose, agitation speed, contact time, temperature and pH of the solution on adsorption process and the optimum conditions were evaluated. The adsorption process fits pseudo-second order kinetic models. Langmuir and Freundich adsorption isotherm models were applied to analyze adsorption data and both were found to be applicable to the adsorption process. Thermodynamic parameters, e.g., ∆Go, ∆So and ∆Ho of the on-going adsorption process have also been calculated and the sorption process was found to be endothermic. Finally, it can be seen that Bentonite was found to be more effective for the removal of Ni(II) at the same experimental conditions.
Abstract: In this study, the adsorption potential of bentonite for removal of Ni(II) ions from wastewater has been investigated. The study involves batch type experiments to investigate the effect of initial concentration, adsorbent dose, agitation speed, contact time, temperature and pH of the solution on adsorption process and the optimum conditions were e...
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A Case Study on Importance of Salt Recovery Plant in Textile Dyeing Industry
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, December 2017
Pages:
166-171
Received:
2 November 2017
Accepted:
17 November 2017
Published:
13 December 2017
Abstract: This study reveals recover salt from waste water as saline water, application of salty or saline water on dyeing of cotton fabric with reactive dyes and compare it with the samples dyed using ground water, compare the spectro photometric evaluation, color fastness to wash and rubbing. This study is done in the laboratory of Niagra Textiles Ltd. Bangladesh. It has been found that the results are satisfactory for the fabric dyed with both type of water.
Abstract: This study reveals recover salt from waste water as saline water, application of salty or saline water on dyeing of cotton fabric with reactive dyes and compare it with the samples dyed using ground water, compare the spectro photometric evaluation, color fastness to wash and rubbing. This study is done in the laboratory of Niagra Textiles Ltd. Ban...
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Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (Pahs) in Hardwood, Palmwood and Softwood - Smoked Fish
Ezike Christopher Onyemaechi,
Ohen Jessica Ndudi,
Echor Felix Okaliwe
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, December 2017
Pages:
178-181
Received:
11 December 2017
Accepted:
28 December 2017
Published:
11 January 2018
Abstract: Three types of woods were investigated; hard wood HWS Mahogany (Mellicae), soft wood SWS Bamboo (Mycapella) and oil palm wood PWS Elaeis guineensis to smoke African catfish Clarias gariepinus. The Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the experimental fish were extracted using solvents and Ultrasonication and were analyzed for 15 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet diode detector. There was no significant difference between the three woods investigated (P > 0.05) in benzo_b fluoranthene and benzo_a pyrene but significant differences (P < 0.05) in PAH occurred between the 3 wood-smoked fish in acenaphthene, fluorine, phenathrene, anthracene, pyrene, dibenzo_ah anthracene, benzo_ghi pyrene, indeno 123c pyrene, fluoranthene with lowest value in PWS. Naphthalene and acenaphthylene had same value in HWS and SWS but were significantly lower in PWS. Conversely, benz_a athracene showed higher value in HWS compared to SWS and PWS but chrysene displayed higher value in SWS compared to PWS and HWS. It can be concluded that the use of Elaeis guineensis is preferred in smoking of C. gariepinus compared to Bamboo and Mahogany. Since the three woods did not differ in benzo a pyrene, high value of benz_a anthracene recorded in HWS fell below carcinogenic ranges, hence usage may not impact on human health.
Abstract: Three types of woods were investigated; hard wood HWS Mahogany (Mellicae), soft wood SWS Bamboo (Mycapella) and oil palm wood PWS Elaeis guineensis to smoke African catfish Clarias gariepinus. The Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the experimental fish were extracted using solvents and Ultrasonication and were analyzed for 15 Polycyclic Ar...
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