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Phenotypic Diversity in Arabica Coffee Genotypes from Eastern Ethiopia
Abdi Adem,
Hussein Mohammed,
Amsalu Ayana
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2020
Pages:
42-47
Received:
19 September 2020
Accepted:
29 September 2020
Published:
30 October 2020
Abstract: This study was conducted with objective to determine extent of phenotypic diversity in Arabica coffee accessions from Eastern Ethiopia. Treatments consisted of 49 coffee accessions. The accessions were field planted at Mechara Agricultural Research Center in July, 2005 using simple lattice design with two replications. Total of 15 quantitative characters were recorded using standard coffee descriptors. The collected data were subjected to SAS software for Analysis of variance. Cluster analysis was also done. Mean squares due to coffee accessions were highly significant (p<1%) for all quantitative characters studied except for number of internodes of main stem and average length of primary branch, indicating the presence of remarkable phenotypic variation among the coffee accessions studied. For stem characters, plant height varied from 94.00 to 165.40 cm; number of internodes of main stem ranged from 17.90 to 24.80 cm; internode length of main stem varied from 5.30 to 8.25 cm; diameter of main stem from 3.40 to 5.35 cm. For branch characters, number of primary branches ranged from 30.20 to 43.10; length of primary branch from 43.10 to 105.10 cm; numbers of internodes of primary branch 14 to 26.70; internode length of primary branch was from 3.20 to 5.73 cm; numbers of secondary branch varied from 41.10 to 133.20. For leaf characters, leaf length varied from 9.20 cm to 18.43 cm and with mean of 13.40 cm. Leaf width from 3.49 to 8.77 cm with mean vale of 6.24 cm. Average leaf area of all accessions was 57.96 with variation from 24.63 to 105.45 cm 2. Weight of hundred beans ranged from 11 g for five accessions (H-25/04, H-40/04, H-41/04 and H-618/ 98) to 16.5 for H03/04 with mean value of 13.53 g. Cluster analysis grouped the coffee accessions into five groups of different sizes, ranging from one entry in cluster IV and V to 34 in cluster I. Inter-cluster distances were highly significant (p=0.01) except between cluster I and II, indicating presence of considerable phenotypic diversity in coffee accessions from eastern Ethiopia. It is advisable to maintain and evaluate the coffee genotypes for disease resistance, moisture stress tolerance, yield and cup quality in future studies.
Abstract: This study was conducted with objective to determine extent of phenotypic diversity in Arabica coffee accessions from Eastern Ethiopia. Treatments consisted of 49 coffee accessions. The accessions were field planted at Mechara Agricultural Research Center in July, 2005 using simple lattice design with two replications. Total of 15 quantitative char...
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Multiplication of Red Worms (Eiseniafetida) Using Different Feeding Materials and Its Effect on Yield and Quality of Vermicompost
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2020
Pages:
48-53
Received:
14 October 2020
Accepted:
6 November 2020
Published:
23 November 2020
Abstract: The earthworms (Eiseniafetida) were collected from Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Centerand introduced in cattle manure, paunch manure and cattle manure supplemented with wheat sraw, paunche manuresupplemented with wheat sraw and cattle manure plus paunch manure supplemented with wheat sraw.300 numbers of red worms (Eisenia fetida) were introduced in to each treatment. At the end of vermicomposting, the earthworm populationand vermicompost amounts were examined to assess the effect of feeding materials on multiplication of worms (Eisenia fetida), vermicompost yield and vermicompost qualities. The highest numberof worms (688.3) was achieved in the paunch manureand lowest (333.7) in the cattle manure vermicompost as sole source of feeding material as compared to all treatments. But the amount of vermicompost was found to be highest (9.6 kg) in mixture of paunch manure and wheat straw vermicompost. The vermicompost samples were analyzed for the parameters: pH, EC, total nitrogen, organic carbon, available phosphorus. The laboratory analysis results showed highest total nitrogen (3.03%), organic carbon (31.04%), andavailable phosphorus (1523 mg/kg) were recorded in case of vermicompost prepared paunch manure alone. The C:N ratio of all vermicompost samples was in the optimum range (< 20%) and the EC of vermicompost prepared from paunch manure was in the optimum range and the rest were above the optimum rangeof EC values for plants growth. However, the bedding materials give different results and have their own characteristic on selected physic-chemical parameters, all the vermicompost samples were contains sufficient amount of plant nutrients and optimum pH for the better seed germination, plant growth and best fertility and quality of soil. Therefore, all the vermicompost samples could be used as organic fertilizer in agriculture. But based on its highest number of red worms (Eiseniafetida), highestyield of vermicompost and highest total nitrogen contents, organic carbon andavailable phosphorus, vermicompost prepared from paunch manure as sole source of feeding material was considered as quality vermicompost.
Abstract: The earthworms (Eiseniafetida) were collected from Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Centerand introduced in cattle manure, paunch manure and cattle manure supplemented with wheat sraw, paunche manuresupplemented with wheat sraw and cattle manure plus paunch manure supplemented with wheat sraw.300 numbers of red worms (Eisenia fetida) were introduce...
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Influence of Mercury Exposure on Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Longitudinal Muscle of Holothuria forskali
Imen Rabeh,
Khaoula Telahigue,
Tarek Hajji,
Chaima Fouzai,
Safa Bejaoui,
Lassaad Chouba,
Mhamed El Cafsi,
Nejla Soudani
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2020
Pages:
54-60
Received:
20 November 2020
Accepted:
9 December 2020
Published:
16 December 2020
Abstract: Mercury (Hg) pollution is featuring as one of the major threat for marine ecosystem, biota and human health. Thereby, the objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of environmentally relevant concentrations of mercury on oxidative stress, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses and metallothionein levels in the longitudinal muscle of sea cucumber Holothuria forskali. With this purpose, sea cucumber were exposed to graded concentrations of mercury chloride HgCl2 (40, 80 and 160 µg L-1) for 96 h under controlled conditions. Our findings revealed that Hg burden in the longitudinal muscle tended to increase with increasing HgCl2 concentrations. The Hg exposure promoted muscular oxidative stress as evidenced by the increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP) and metallothionein (MT) of treated animals compared with controls. Additionally, significant increases in the activities of the enzymatic (glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)) and non-enzymatic (non-protein thiol (NPSH) and glutathione (GSH)) antioxidants were also observed in all treated groups. Overall, this study proved that mercury is able to produce deleterious effects even at the lowest environmentally-realistic concentration in the Holothuria forskali longitudinal muscle which may be considered as a target tissue of mercury accumulation in holothurian.
Abstract: Mercury (Hg) pollution is featuring as one of the major threat for marine ecosystem, biota and human health. Thereby, the objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of environmentally relevant concentrations of mercury on oxidative stress, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses and metallothionein levels in the longitudinal...
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Impact of Small Scale Irrigation on Resettled Household Food Security: The Case of Hora, Gorrea & Shenkora Small Scale irrigations in Sasiga District of Wollega, Ethiopia
Habtamu Tolla Shono,
Shumet Asefa Kibret
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2020
Pages:
61-69
Received:
15 November 2020
Accepted:
8 December 2020
Published:
22 December 2020
Abstract: Small Scale Irrigation plays a substantial role in advancing agriculture by increasing productivity and enhancing household food security. The Objective of the study is to see factors affecting resettled farmers' participation decisions in Small scale irrigation and to analyze the impacts of small scale irrigation on household food security. The study used cross-sectional data with a multistage stage sampling technique of 262 and 77 non-irrigation and irrigation user resettled households were interviewed. Binary probit models, Heckman sample selection model two-step is employed in the analysis of the study. The study showed that resettled households with a strong perception on land productivity utilize modern agricultural input, more perception on soil fertility, more access of extension service and with the previous landholding on the site selected for irrigation have more likelihood of participation decision in small scale irrigation than that household with less access and perceptions. Contrary to that resettled households of large land Size holding, more perception on irrigation land repossession and more awareness on irrigation regulation are found to have less likelihood of participation decision in small-scale irrigation. The ordinary least square using adult Equivalent expenditure on food as outcome variable revealed that as Age of resettled households, distance from the market, tropical livestock holding, and crop diversification increases the resettle household food security increases. While Awareness of households on irrigation regulation & modern farm input utilization was found to harm resettled household food security. As per the study finding holding large land size, less awareness on irrigation regulation, and fear of repossession of irrigation land in case of defaulted farming are found to be the challenging factors to influence resettled household participation decision in small scale irrigation and while as the farmers adopt more input on rain-fed land and develop less awareness on irrigation regulation coping capacity to food security was challenged. This is due to farming input cost escalation, soil fertility deterioration, and poor land preparation, acidisty of the soil due to heavy rain fall and poor crop management practices and hesitation for land reposition incase of irrigation land preparation default. The study recommended a concerned body and stockholders to revisit irrigation regulation for amendment, soil, and water conservation practice to be taken as an intervention package and further study to exceed the scope of the study.
Abstract: Small Scale Irrigation plays a substantial role in advancing agriculture by increasing productivity and enhancing household food security. The Objective of the study is to see factors affecting resettled farmers' participation decisions in Small scale irrigation and to analyze the impacts of small scale irrigation on household food security. The st...
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