Assessment provides practical information for gathering data to determine extent to which learners demonstrate desired learning outcomes in line with 21st Century skills. As demonstrated by sustainable development goals, education system aims at developing informed and functional citizens for survival in modern society. In this regard, this study examined effect of social studies curriculum assessment methods and development of responsibility among pre-primary school learners in Nairobi City County, Kenya. Specific objective was to determine influence of observation, oral questions and portfolio assessment on development of responsibility among learners. Descriptive survey design guided the research process while primary data were sourced from 98 teachers who were purposively selected from 211 pre-primary schools. A questionnaire, observation schedule and documentary analysis were used as data collecting tools. Data was summarized and organized according to research variables and arranged in themes for analysis. Multiple Intelligences theory was used to explain ways in which assessment strategies impact on development of responsibility. With appropriate assessments, learners, teachers and parents remain informed about depth in learning achievement, rate of progress and decision to undertake. Findings of the study showed that portfolio was most efficient assessment method used in determining responsibility which was closely followed by observation and lastly oral questions. Learners demonstrated responsibility through interdependence, active stewardship, respect for diversity and self-refection. The study recommends alignment of social studies curriculum pedagogy to authentic assessment methods for realization of Vision 2030 and sustainable development.
Published in | International Journal of Elementary Education (Volume 11, Issue 4) |
DOI | 10.11648/j.ijeedu.20221104.12 |
Page(s) | 92-100 |
Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Assessment Modalities, Impact, Social Studies Curriculum, Value Education
[1] | Aksit, F., Niemi, H., & Nevgi, A. (2016). Why is active learning so difficult to implement: The Turkish case. Australian Journal of Teacher education. Vol. 41 (4), pp 93-109. |
[2] | Bakken, L., Brown, N., & Downing, B. (2017). Early Childhood Education: The Long-Term Benefits. Journal of Research in Childhood Education. Vol. 31 (2), 255-268. |
[3] | Barron, B., & Martin, C. K. (2016). Making matters. A framework for the assessment of digital media citizenship. In K. Peppler, E. R. Halverson, & Kafai Y. (Eds.). Makeology: Makers as learners. Pp 45-71. New York: Routledge. |
[4] | Bell, M. L., Whitehead, A. L., & Julious, S. A. (2018). Guidance for using pilot studies to inform the design of intervention trials with continuous outcomes. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. Vol. 10, pp 153-157. |
[5] | Care, E., Vista, A., & Kim, H. (2018). Assessment of Transversal Competencies: Potential of Resources in the Asian Region: Paris and Bangkok: UNESCO. |
[6] | Charanjit, K. S. S., Othman, L., Napisah, K., Rafiah, A. R., & Kurotol, A. M. M. (2017). An observation of classroom assessment practices among lectures in selected Malaysian higher learning institutions. Malaysian Journal of Learning and Instruction. Vol. 14 (1). Pp 23-61. |
[7] | Cho, E. (2020). A comprehensive review of so called Cronbach’s alpha. Journal of Product Research. Vol. 38 (1), 9-10. |
[8] | Darling-Hammond, L., Cook-Harvey, C., Flook, L., Gardner, M., & Melnick, H. (2018). With the Whole Child in Mind: Insights from the Comer School Development Programm. Alexandria. VA: ASCD. |
[9] | Darling-Hammond, L., Flook, L., Cook-Harvey, C., Brigid, B. & David, O. (2020). Implications for Educational Practice of the Science of Learning and Development. Applied Developmental Science. Vol. 42 (2) pp 97-140. |
[10] | Fox, J. (2014). Portfolio based language assessment (PBLA) in Canadian immigrant language training: Have we got it wrong? Contact Special Symposium Issue, Vol. 40 (2), pp 68-83. |
[11] | Ganira K. L., Odundo P. A., Gatumu, J. C & Muasya, J. N. (2018). Relevance of Social Studies Curriculum Content for Enhancing Responsibility among Preschool Children in Nairobi County, Kenya. Journal of Education and Training, ISSN 2330-9709, Vol. 5 (2), pp 205-220. |
[12] | Ganira, K. L. (2019). Influence of Social Studies Curriculum in Enhancing Values Education among pre-school Learners in Nairobi City County, Kenya. Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Nairobi, Kenya. |
[13] | Ganira, K. L., Odundo, P. A., Gatumu, J. C., & Muasya J. N. (2018). Social Studies Content, and Respect among Preschool Children in Nairobi County, Kenya. Focusing on Relevance. The International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention, 5 (06): 48842-4842. |
[14] | Ganira, K. L., Odundo, P. A., Gatumu, J. C., & Muasya J. N. (2019). Social Studies Curriculum and Cooperation among Preschool Learners in Nairobi County, Kenya: Addressing Effectiveness of Instructional Methods. American Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities. Vol. 4 (1), pp 86-97. |
[15] | Ganira, K. L., Odundo, P. A., Gatumu, J. C., & Muasya, N. J. (2020). Stakeholders’ Support for Social Studies Curriculum and Enhancement of Responsibility among Learners in Early Years Education Centres in Nairobi City County, Kenya. Teacher Education and Curriculum Studies. Vol. 5 (2) pp 30-37. |
[16] | Gardner, H. (2006). Multiple Intelligences: New Horizons in Theory and Practice, Basic books. ISBN 978-046504. |
[17] | Gardner, H. (1983). Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences, Basic Books, ISBN 978-0133306149. |
[18] | Gardner, H. (2015). Bridging the Gaps: A portal for Curious Minds Pro- Unlimited. |
[19] | Gill, K., & Jenny, J. (2018). Supporting Kindergarten Children’s Social Emotional Development: Examining the Synergetic Role of Environments, Play and Relationships. Journal of Research in Childhood Education Vol. 32 (4), pp 472-485. |
[20] | Hanifa, R. (2017). Teacher’s View on the use of Portfolio Assessment in Secondary Schools in Indonesia. The Asian Conference on Language Learning. |
[21] | Hino, H., Langer, A., Lonsdale, J., & Stewart, F. (2019). Introduction: Understanding Processes of Change in Social Cohesion: Learning from Comparative History. In H. Hino, A. Langer, J. Lonsdale, & F. Stewart (Eds.), From Divided Pasts to Cohesive Futures: Reflections on Africa (pp. 1-12). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/9781108645195.001. |
[22] | KICD. (2017). Facilitator’s Training Manual for Early Years Education Curriculum. |
[23] | KICD (2017). Basic education curriculum framework. https://www.kicd.ac.ke/images/downloads/CURRICULUMFRAMEWOR K.pdf. |
[24] | Kumar, Ranjit. (2011). Research Methodology. A Step-by Step Guide for Beginners. Los sAngeles: SAGE, 2011 Print. |
[25] | Leoniek. W. M & Sigrid, M. (2018). Improving curriculum alignment and achieving goals by Smaking the curriculum visible. International Journal of Academic Development. Vol. 23 (3), 219-231. |
[26] | Ministry of Education Sessional Paper No. 1 of 2019: A Policy Framework for Reforming Education, Training and Research for Sustainable Development. Towards Realizing Quality, Relevant and inclusive Education. Government Printers, Nairobi. |
[27] | Mugenda, A., & Mugenda, O. (2013). Research methods: Qualitative and qualitative approaches. Nairobi: ACTS Press. |
[28] | Ngina, R., & Maranya, J. M. (2018). Curriculum and Value Creating Education. Value Creating Education in Kenya. Building a Human Society. University of Nairobi, School of Education and Department of Literature. Kenya Literature Bureau, pp 15-34. |
[29] | Odundo, P. A., & Ganira, K. L. (2017). Teacher Position in Spurring Value Based Education in Early Learning in Nairobi County, Kenya: Addressing Support of Values in School Environment. Journal of Education and Learning; Vol. 6 (3): pp 194-203. April 2017. |
[30] | Odundo, P. A., Ganira, K. L., & Milimu. (2017). Adopting Digital Technology in Teaching and Learning Environment in Early Childhood Education Classes in Nairobi County, Kenya. Asian Education Studies; Vol. 2, No. 3; pp 18-28. |
[31] | Orodho, J. O., Nzabalirwa, W., Odundo, P. A., Ndirangu, P. W & Ndayambaje, I. (2016). Quantitative and Qualitative Research Methods. A step by Step to Scholarly Excellence. Kanezja Publishers & Enterprises Nairobi, Kenya. ISBN: 978-9966-7350-3-8. |
[32] | Ozkan, S., & Esra, O. (2016). Examining the effect of social values education programme being applied to nursery school students upon acquiring social skills. Educational Research and Reviews. Vol. 11 (13), pp 1262-1271. |
[33] | Roohani, A., & Taheri, F. (2015). The Effect of portfolio assessment on EFL learners’ expository writing ability. Iranian Journal of Language Testing. Vol. 5, pp 46-59. |
[34] | Stufflebeam, D. (2003). The CIPP model of evaluation. In T. Kellaghan, D. Stufflebeam & Wingate (Eds.). Springer International handbook of education: International handbook of educational evaluation. |
[35] | UNESCO (2015). Transversal Competencies in education policy and practice (Phase 1): Regional Synthesis report. Paris, France: UNESCO. |
[36] | UNESCO (2016). School and Teaching Practices for the twenty-first century challenges. Lesson from the Asia-Pacific Region. (Phase 1) Regional Synthesis Report. |
[37] | UNESCO (2017). Education for Sustainable Development Goals: Learning Objectives. Paris: UNESCO. |
[38] | Vlasta, H., & Jasmina, M. (2017). Evaluation and Assessment in Early Social Science. Universal Journal of Educational Research. Vol. 5 (4): 664-670. |
APA Style
Ganira Khavugwi Lilian. (2022). The Position of Social Studies Curriculum Assessment Methods in Developing Responsibility in Early Learning Centres in Nairobi, Kenya. International Journal of Elementary Education, 11(4), 92-100. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijeedu.20221104.12
ACS Style
Ganira Khavugwi Lilian. The Position of Social Studies Curriculum Assessment Methods in Developing Responsibility in Early Learning Centres in Nairobi, Kenya. Int. J. Elem. Educ. 2022, 11(4), 92-100. doi: 10.11648/j.ijeedu.20221104.12
@article{10.11648/j.ijeedu.20221104.12, author = {Ganira Khavugwi Lilian}, title = {The Position of Social Studies Curriculum Assessment Methods in Developing Responsibility in Early Learning Centres in Nairobi, Kenya}, journal = {International Journal of Elementary Education}, volume = {11}, number = {4}, pages = {92-100}, doi = {10.11648/j.ijeedu.20221104.12}, url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijeedu.20221104.12}, eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijeedu.20221104.12}, abstract = {Assessment provides practical information for gathering data to determine extent to which learners demonstrate desired learning outcomes in line with 21st Century skills. As demonstrated by sustainable development goals, education system aims at developing informed and functional citizens for survival in modern society. In this regard, this study examined effect of social studies curriculum assessment methods and development of responsibility among pre-primary school learners in Nairobi City County, Kenya. Specific objective was to determine influence of observation, oral questions and portfolio assessment on development of responsibility among learners. Descriptive survey design guided the research process while primary data were sourced from 98 teachers who were purposively selected from 211 pre-primary schools. A questionnaire, observation schedule and documentary analysis were used as data collecting tools. Data was summarized and organized according to research variables and arranged in themes for analysis. Multiple Intelligences theory was used to explain ways in which assessment strategies impact on development of responsibility. With appropriate assessments, learners, teachers and parents remain informed about depth in learning achievement, rate of progress and decision to undertake. Findings of the study showed that portfolio was most efficient assessment method used in determining responsibility which was closely followed by observation and lastly oral questions. Learners demonstrated responsibility through interdependence, active stewardship, respect for diversity and self-refection. The study recommends alignment of social studies curriculum pedagogy to authentic assessment methods for realization of Vision 2030 and sustainable development.}, year = {2022} }
TY - JOUR T1 - The Position of Social Studies Curriculum Assessment Methods in Developing Responsibility in Early Learning Centres in Nairobi, Kenya AU - Ganira Khavugwi Lilian Y1 - 2022/11/14 PY - 2022 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijeedu.20221104.12 DO - 10.11648/j.ijeedu.20221104.12 T2 - International Journal of Elementary Education JF - International Journal of Elementary Education JO - International Journal of Elementary Education SP - 92 EP - 100 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2328-7640 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijeedu.20221104.12 AB - Assessment provides practical information for gathering data to determine extent to which learners demonstrate desired learning outcomes in line with 21st Century skills. As demonstrated by sustainable development goals, education system aims at developing informed and functional citizens for survival in modern society. In this regard, this study examined effect of social studies curriculum assessment methods and development of responsibility among pre-primary school learners in Nairobi City County, Kenya. Specific objective was to determine influence of observation, oral questions and portfolio assessment on development of responsibility among learners. Descriptive survey design guided the research process while primary data were sourced from 98 teachers who were purposively selected from 211 pre-primary schools. A questionnaire, observation schedule and documentary analysis were used as data collecting tools. Data was summarized and organized according to research variables and arranged in themes for analysis. Multiple Intelligences theory was used to explain ways in which assessment strategies impact on development of responsibility. With appropriate assessments, learners, teachers and parents remain informed about depth in learning achievement, rate of progress and decision to undertake. Findings of the study showed that portfolio was most efficient assessment method used in determining responsibility which was closely followed by observation and lastly oral questions. Learners demonstrated responsibility through interdependence, active stewardship, respect for diversity and self-refection. The study recommends alignment of social studies curriculum pedagogy to authentic assessment methods for realization of Vision 2030 and sustainable development. VL - 11 IS - 4 ER -