Detection of HIV Viral Load in Liquid and Dried Plasma Spots Among HIV Infected Patients in Jos University Teaching Hospital, Plateau State, Nigeria

Kahansim Adangmah Barminas; Ramyil Mamzhi-Crown Seljul; Imade E. Godwin; Mu’azu Muhammad Auwal; Agbaji O. Oche; Banwat Edmund

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20170302.12

Detection of HIV Viral Load in Liquid and Dried Plasma Spots Among HIV Infected Patients in Jos University Teaching Hospital, Plateau State, Nigeria

Kahansim Adangmah Barminas, Ramyil Mamzhi-Crown Seljul, Imade E. Godwin, Mu’azu Muhammad Auwal, Agbaji O. Oche, Banwat Edmund

Published in International Journal of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Education and Behavioural Science (Volume 3, Issue 2)

Received: 31 March 2017 Accepted: 14 April 2017 Published: 29 May 2017

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

Despite the remarkable achievement in prevention and control so far attained, HIV incidence is increasing in some countries and regions, Sub-Saharan Africa accounting for 68% global HIV prevalence with women and young people disproportionately affected. As of 2014 in Nigeria, the HIV prevalence rate among adults ages 15-49 was 3.17 percent. However, the HIV epidemic in Nigeria is complex and varies widely by region. To compare HIV viral load in liquid and dried plasma on filter paper (whatman 903). A study among HIV patients was carried out in Aids Prevention Initiative (APIN) Centre, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Plateau State, Nigeria to compare viral load in dried plasma spot (DPS) against the liquid plasma (LP) which is the gold standard. 84 adult HIV infected subjects were recruited for this survey with each completed a questionnaire and donated blood for the viral load assay using CobasAmpliprep/TaQmananalyser between September to November 2014. Out of the 84 HIV infected adults, 31% (26/84) of the subjects were males while the remaining 69% (58/84) were females. On the other hand, 32 of the patients were treatment experienced, and 52 were treatment naïve. The sensitivities and specificities of dried plasma spots at ambient and refrigeration temperatures were 91.3% and 100% respectively (P < 0.05). Viral load was effectively detected in DPS within the log range of 3.0 to > 6.0.There was a strong positive correlation in this current study between the viral load in LP and DPS as well as LP and DPS-REFR with values of 0.978 and 0.992 respectively as well as mean loss in viral log copies of 0.261 and 0.196. In general, the result of DPS was highly comparable with that of LP, which suggests that DPS could be used as a valuable alternative in resource constrains settings. This range is useful in providing clinical guidance regarding drug regimen switch in individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Published in	International Journal of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Education and Behavioural Science (Volume 3, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20170302.12
Page(s)	15-21
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Dried Plasma Spot (DPS), Liquid Plasma (LP), CobasAmpliprep/TaQmananalyser, Filter Paper (Whatman 903), APIN-JUTH, Nigeria

References

[1]	UNAIDS: UNAIDs world AIDS day report, 2011.
[2]	NHEIA: National HIV/AIDS epidemiology and impact analysis report, 2014.
[3]	National population commission (NPC) [Nig] and ICP International; Nig Demographic and Health Survey 2013. Abuja, Nig, and Rockville, Maryland, USA: NPC and ICP international, 2014.
[4]	Global network of people living with HIV: Positive health, dignity and prevention. Technical consultationreport 27-28 April, 2009, Hammamet, Tunisia. Amsterdam, the global network of people living with AIDS, 2009.
[5]	RamnikSood:Haematology for students and practitioners. Jaypeebrothers medical publishers ltd. 491-525, 2010.
[6]	UNAIDS, 'The Gap Report', 2014.
[7]	UNAIDS,'Fact Sheet 2016' UNAIDS, 2016.
[8]	WHO, “Expert meeting on short-term HIV diagnosis, treatment initiation and monitoring technologies and approaches”. Geneva, Switzerland. 13-14 October, 2011.
[9]	Tucker T, Yeats J, “laboratory monitoring of HIV after access to antiretroviral drugs, the next challenge for the developing worlds”. Afr Med J; vol.91: 2001, 615.
[10]	Behets, F, M. Kashamuka, M. Pappaioanou, T.A. Green, R.W. Ryder, V. Batter, J.R. George, W.H. Hannon, and T.C. Quine, “Stability of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 antibodies in whole blood dried on filter paper and stored under various tropical conditions in Kinshasa, Zaire”. J. Clin. Microbial. 30: 1992, 1179-1182.
[11]	Cassol, S. T. Salas, M. Arella, P. Neumann, M.T. Schechter, and M. O’Shaughnessy, “Use of dried blood spot specimens in the detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by the polymerase chain reaction”. J. Clin. Microbial. 29:1991, 667-671.
[12]	Katzenstein, D.A, and M. Holodniy, “HIV viral load quantification, HIV resistance and antiretroviral therapy. AIDS clin. Rev. 96: 1995, 277-303.
[13]	Mellors, J.W, L.A. Kingsley, C.R. Rinaldo, J.A. Todd, B.S. Hoo, R.P. Kokka, and P. Gupta,“Quantification of HIV-1 RNA in plasma predicts outcome after seroconversion”. Ann. Intern. Med. 122: 1995, 573-579.
[14]	Mwaba P, Cassol S, Nuun A, et al,. “Whole blood versus plasma spots for measurement of HIV-1 viral load in HIV infected African patients”. Lancet; 362: 2003, 2067-2068.
[15]	Amellal B, Katlama C, Calvez V, “Evaluation of the use of dried spots and of different storage conditions of plasma for HIV-1 RNA quantification”. HIV Med. J; 8: 2007, 396-400.
[16]	Cassol S, Gill MJ, Pilon R, et al. “Quantification of Human immunodeficiency type-1 RNA from dried plasma spots collected on filter paper”. J ClinMicrobiol; 35: 1997, 2795-2801.
[17]	Lloyd J, Michelle Z, Rodrigo C, Ricardo S, Denise F, Lilian A, “Comparative effectiveness of dried plasma HIV-1 viral load testing in Brazil using ViveST for sample collection”. Journal of clinical virology, Vol. 49(4): 2009, 245 – 248.
[18]	Knuchel MC, Tomasik Z, Speck RF, Luthy R, Schupbach J,“Ultrasentitive quantitative HIV-1 p24 antigen assay adapted to dried plasma spots to improve treatment monitoring in low resource settings”. J ClinVirol; 36: 2006, 64-67.
[19]	Stevens G, Rekhviashvili N, Scott LE, Gomin R, Stevens W, “Evaluation of two commercially available, inexpensive alternative assays used for assessing viral load in a cohort of HIV-1 serotype- c infected patients from south Africa”. J ClinVirol; 2006, 36: 64-67.
[20]	Cassol SA, Lapoite N, Salas T et al “Diagnosis of HIV-1 vertical transmission using the polymerase chain reaction and dried blood spots specimens”. J Acquir immune deficsydr; 5: 1992, 113-119.
[21]	AthichaMahayotha, WatjanaChangthong, RassameAomsin, KantanakonPoiyim, “Evaluating the HIV-1 Proviral DNA Detection by Use of Real Time PCR from Blood Samples and Dried Blood Spots”. American Journal of Laboratory Medicine. Vol. 2, No. 1, 2017, pp. 7-12. doi: 10.11648/j.ajlm.20170201.12.
[22]	Ralph L. Hamers, Pieter W Smit, Wendy Stevens, Rob Schuurman and Tobias F Rinke de Wit, “Dried fluid spots for HIV type-1 viral load and resistance genotyping: a systematic review”. International medical press 2009, 1359-6535.
[23]	Zachariah R, Harries AD, Manzi M, Gomani P, teck R, Phillips M, Firmenrich P., “Acceptance of anti-retroviral therapy among patients infected with HIV and tuberculosis in rural Malawi is low and associated with cost of transport”. PLo S One.121. Doc 2009.
[24]	Hardon AP, Akunt D, Comoro C, Ekezie C, Irunde HF, Gerrits T, Kglatwane J, Oyyoba T, Temu F, Laing R. hunger, “Waiting time and transport cost: time to confront challenges to ART adherence in Africa”. AIDS care. Vol; 19: 2007, 658-665.
[25]	Tarantola, D, “Reducing HIV/AIDS risk, impact and vulnerability”. Bulletin of the world health organization, 20012.
[26]	NACA, ‘Nigeria GARPR 2015’.
[27]	NACAFederal republic of Nigeria. Global AIDS response: Progress report 2012. January, 2011 to December, 2011 reporting period.
[28]	Daniel WW, “Biostatistics: A foundation for analysis in the health sciences” 1999.
[29]	NARHS, “National HIV/AIDS Reproductive Health Survey”, 2012.
[30]	COBAS Ampliprep/ Taqman HIV-1 quick reference card/test kits insert.
[31]	IBM SPSS Statistics Processor version 20 License authorization wizard. Ink.
[32]	Workensh A, Rob S, Tsehaynesh M, Wendelien D, Yohannes M, Jaap G, William A, Michel P, Georgios P, “Use of dried blood spots of whole blood, plasma, and mother’s milk collected on filter paper for measurement of HIV-1 burden”. Journal of clinical microbiology vol. 10: 2006, 891–896.
[33]	Mauro A, Maria P, Giovanni G, Susana C, Giovanna P, Paola G, Richard L, David C, Maria C, Stefano V, Leonardo P, Marina G, “Correlation between HIV-1 viral load quantification in plasma, dried blood spot, and dried plasma spot using Roche Cobas assay”. Journal of clinical virology 47: 2010, 4–7.
[34]	Mbida AD, Sosso S, Flori P, Saoudin H, Lawrence P, Monnylobe P, Oyono Y, Ndzi E, Cappelli G, Lucht F, Pozzetto B, Oukem-Boyer OO, Bourlet T, “Measure of viral load by using the Abbott Real-Time HIV-1 assay on dried blood and plasma spots specimens collected in two rural dispensaries in Cameroon”. Journal of aquire immune DeficSyndr 15(1): 2009, 9-16.
[35]	MajoreMonleau, C. Mortaron, C. Laurent, M. Segandy, B. Montes, E. Delaporte, F. Boillot, and M. Peeters, “Evaluation of different RNA extraction methods and storage conditions of dried plasma or blood spots for human immunodeficiency virus type-1 RNA quantification and PCR amplification for drug resistance testing”. J Clin. Microbiol. April; 47(4): 2010, 1107-1118.
[36]	Sarah M, Anne B, Caroline C, Anangisye I, Sally E, Ben A, David J, Lorenz V, Werner S, Wendy S, John A, John C, “Evaluation of a dried blood spot HIV-1 RNA program for early infant diagnosis and viral load monitoring at rural and remote health care facilities”. AIDS 2010 23(18): 2010, 2459 – 2466.
[37]	Raph L. Hamers, Pieter W Smit, Wendy Stevens, Rob Schuurman and Tobias F Rinke de Wit, “Dried fluid spots for HIV type-1 viral load and resistance genotyping: a systematic review”. International medical press: 2010, 1359-6535.
[38]	Sally MM, Robin LW, Sujit RJ, Douglas HY, Diana H, David MK, “A simple and rapid DNA extraction method from whole blood for highly sensitive detection and quantitation of HIV-1 proviral DNA by real-time PCR”. Journal of Viral Methods: 214: 2015, 37-42.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Kahansim Adangmah Barminas, Ramyil Mamzhi-Crown Seljul, Imade E. Godwin, Mu’azu Muhammad Auwal, Agbaji O. Oche, et al. (2017). Detection of HIV Viral Load in Liquid and Dried Plasma Spots Among HIV Infected Patients in Jos University Teaching Hospital, Plateau State, Nigeria. International Journal of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Education and Behavioural Science, 3(2), 15-21. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20170302.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Kahansim Adangmah Barminas; Ramyil Mamzhi-Crown Seljul; Imade E. Godwin; Mu’azu Muhammad Auwal; Agbaji O. Oche, et al. Detection of HIV Viral Load in Liquid and Dried Plasma Spots Among HIV Infected Patients in Jos University Teaching Hospital, Plateau State, Nigeria. Int. J. HIV/AIDS Prev. Educ. Behav. Sci. 2017, 3(2), 15-21. doi: 10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20170302.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Kahansim Adangmah Barminas, Ramyil Mamzhi-Crown Seljul, Imade E. Godwin, Mu’azu Muhammad Auwal, Agbaji O. Oche, et al. Detection of HIV Viral Load in Liquid and Dried Plasma Spots Among HIV Infected Patients in Jos University Teaching Hospital, Plateau State, Nigeria. Int J HIV/AIDS Prev Educ Behav Sci. 2017;3(2):15-21. doi: 10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20170302.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20170302.12,
  author = {Kahansim Adangmah Barminas and Ramyil Mamzhi-Crown Seljul and Imade E. Godwin and Mu’azu Muhammad Auwal and Agbaji O. Oche and Banwat Edmund},
  title = {Detection of HIV Viral Load in Liquid and Dried Plasma Spots Among HIV Infected Patients in Jos University Teaching Hospital, Plateau State, Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Education and Behavioural Science},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {15-21},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20170302.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20170302.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijhpebs.20170302.12},
  abstract = {Despite the remarkable achievement in prevention and control so far attained, HIV incidence is increasing in some countries and regions, Sub-Saharan Africa accounting for 68% global HIV prevalence with women and young people disproportionately affected. As of 2014 in Nigeria, the HIV prevalence rate among adults ages 15-49 was 3.17 percent. However, the HIV epidemic in Nigeria is complex and varies widely by region. To compare HIV viral load in liquid and dried plasma on filter paper (whatman 903). A study among HIV patients was carried out in Aids Prevention Initiative (APIN) Centre, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Plateau State, Nigeria to compare viral load in dried plasma spot (DPS) against the liquid plasma (LP) which is the gold standard. 84 adult HIV infected subjects were recruited for this survey with each completed a questionnaire and donated blood for the viral load assay using CobasAmpliprep/TaQmananalyser between September to November 2014. Out of the 84 HIV infected adults, 31% (26/84) of the subjects were males while the remaining 69% (58/84) were females. On the other hand, 32 of the patients were treatment experienced, and 52 were treatment naïve. The sensitivities and specificities of dried plasma spots at ambient and refrigeration temperatures were 91.3% and 100% respectively (P < 0.05). Viral load was effectively detected in DPS within the log range of 3.0 to > 6.0.There was a strong positive correlation in this current study between the viral load in LP and DPS as well as LP and DPS-REFR with values of 0.978 and 0.992 respectively as well as mean loss in viral log copies of 0.261 and 0.196. In general, the result of DPS was highly comparable with that of LP, which suggests that DPS could be used as a valuable alternative in resource constrains settings. This range is useful in providing clinical guidance regarding drug regimen switch in individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART).},
 year = {2017}
}

Copy | Download

TY - JOUR
T1 - Detection of HIV Viral Load in Liquid and Dried Plasma Spots Among HIV Infected Patients in Jos University Teaching Hospital, Plateau State, Nigeria
AU - Kahansim Adangmah Barminas
AU - Ramyil Mamzhi-Crown Seljul
AU - Imade E. Godwin
AU - Mu’azu Muhammad Auwal
AU - Agbaji O. Oche
AU - Banwat Edmund
Y1 - 2017/05/29
PY - 2017
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20170302.12
DO - 10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20170302.12
T2 - International Journal of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Education and Behavioural Science
JF - International Journal of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Education and Behavioural Science
JO - International Journal of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Education and Behavioural Science
SP - 15
EP - 21
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2575-5765
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20170302.12
AB - Despite the remarkable achievement in prevention and control so far attained, HIV incidence is increasing in some countries and regions, Sub-Saharan Africa accounting for 68% global HIV prevalence with women and young people disproportionately affected. As of 2014 in Nigeria, the HIV prevalence rate among adults ages 15-49 was 3.17 percent. However, the HIV epidemic in Nigeria is complex and varies widely by region. To compare HIV viral load in liquid and dried plasma on filter paper (whatman 903). A study among HIV patients was carried out in Aids Prevention Initiative (APIN) Centre, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Plateau State, Nigeria to compare viral load in dried plasma spot (DPS) against the liquid plasma (LP) which is the gold standard. 84 adult HIV infected subjects were recruited for this survey with each completed a questionnaire and donated blood for the viral load assay using CobasAmpliprep/TaQmananalyser between September to November 2014. Out of the 84 HIV infected adults, 31% (26/84) of the subjects were males while the remaining 69% (58/84) were females. On the other hand, 32 of the patients were treatment experienced, and 52 were treatment naïve. The sensitivities and specificities of dried plasma spots at ambient and refrigeration temperatures were 91.3% and 100% respectively (P < 0.05). Viral load was effectively detected in DPS within the log range of 3.0 to > 6.0.There was a strong positive correlation in this current study between the viral load in LP and DPS as well as LP and DPS-REFR with values of 0.978 and 0.992 respectively as well as mean loss in viral log copies of 0.261 and 0.196. In general, the result of DPS was highly comparable with that of LP, which suggests that DPS could be used as a valuable alternative in resource constrains settings. This range is useful in providing clinical guidance regarding drug regimen switch in individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART).
VL - 3
IS - 2
ER -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Kahansim Adangmah Barminas

The Carter Centre Nigeria, Jos, Nigeria
Ramyil Mamzhi-Crown Seljul

Dept. of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Bingham University, Jos, Nigeria
Imade E. Godwin

Department of Infectious Diseases, Aids Prevention Initiative in Nigeria, Jos University Teaching Hospital (APIN-JUTH), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jos, Nigeria
Mu’azu Muhammad Auwal

Department of Infectious Diseases, Aids Prevention Initiative in Nigeria, Jos University Teaching Hospital (APIN-JUTH), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jos, Nigeria
Agbaji O. Oche

Department of Infectious Diseases, Aids Prevention Initiative in Nigeria, Jos University Teaching Hospital (APIN-JUTH), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jos, Nigeria
Banwat Edmund

Department of Medical and Clinical Microbiology, Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jos, Nigeria

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Kahansim Adangmah Barminas, Ramyil Mamzhi-Crown Seljul, Imade E. Godwin, Mu’azu Muhammad Auwal, Agbaji O. Oche, et al. (2017). Detection of HIV Viral Load in Liquid and Dried Plasma Spots Among HIV Infected Patients in Jos University Teaching Hospital, Plateau State, Nigeria. International Journal of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Education and Behavioural Science, 3(2), 15-21. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20170302.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Kahansim Adangmah Barminas; Ramyil Mamzhi-Crown Seljul; Imade E. Godwin; Mu’azu Muhammad Auwal; Agbaji O. Oche, et al. Detection of HIV Viral Load in Liquid and Dried Plasma Spots Among HIV Infected Patients in Jos University Teaching Hospital, Plateau State, Nigeria. Int. J. HIV/AIDS Prev. Educ. Behav. Sci. 2017, 3(2), 15-21. doi: 10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20170302.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Kahansim Adangmah Barminas, Ramyil Mamzhi-Crown Seljul, Imade E. Godwin, Mu’azu Muhammad Auwal, Agbaji O. Oche, et al. Detection of HIV Viral Load in Liquid and Dried Plasma Spots Among HIV Infected Patients in Jos University Teaching Hospital, Plateau State, Nigeria. Int J HIV/AIDS Prev Educ Behav Sci. 2017;3(2):15-21. doi: 10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20170302.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20170302.12,
  author = {Kahansim Adangmah Barminas and Ramyil Mamzhi-Crown Seljul and Imade E. Godwin and Mu’azu Muhammad Auwal and Agbaji O. Oche and Banwat Edmund},
  title = {Detection of HIV Viral Load in Liquid and Dried Plasma Spots Among HIV Infected Patients in Jos University Teaching Hospital, Plateau State, Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Education and Behavioural Science},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {15-21},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20170302.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20170302.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijhpebs.20170302.12},
  abstract = {Despite the remarkable achievement in prevention and control so far attained, HIV incidence is increasing in some countries and regions, Sub-Saharan Africa accounting for 68% global HIV prevalence with women and young people disproportionately affected. As of 2014 in Nigeria, the HIV prevalence rate among adults ages 15-49 was 3.17 percent. However, the HIV epidemic in Nigeria is complex and varies widely by region. To compare HIV viral load in liquid and dried plasma on filter paper (whatman 903). A study among HIV patients was carried out in Aids Prevention Initiative (APIN) Centre, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Plateau State, Nigeria to compare viral load in dried plasma spot (DPS) against the liquid plasma (LP) which is the gold standard. 84 adult HIV infected subjects were recruited for this survey with each completed a questionnaire and donated blood for the viral load assay using CobasAmpliprep/TaQmananalyser between September to November 2014. Out of the 84 HIV infected adults, 31% (26/84) of the subjects were males while the remaining 69% (58/84) were females. On the other hand, 32 of the patients were treatment experienced, and 52 were treatment naïve. The sensitivities and specificities of dried plasma spots at ambient and refrigeration temperatures were 91.3% and 100% respectively (P < 0.05). Viral load was effectively detected in DPS within the log range of 3.0 to > 6.0.There was a strong positive correlation in this current study between the viral load in LP and DPS as well as LP and DPS-REFR with values of 0.978 and 0.992 respectively as well as mean loss in viral log copies of 0.261 and 0.196. In general, the result of DPS was highly comparable with that of LP, which suggests that DPS could be used as a valuable alternative in resource constrains settings. This range is useful in providing clinical guidance regarding drug regimen switch in individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART).},
 year = {2017}
}

Copy | Download