Research Article
Activated Charcoal Modified with Chromium Oxide as Catalyst for Groundnut Oil Transesterification
Abdurrahman Bello*,
Ahmad Galadima
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 1, March 2024
Pages:
1-5
Received:
24 January 2024
Accepted:
2 February 2024
Published:
21 February 2024
Abstract: A gradual shift to biofuels development was considered advantageous in reducing the pollution and other challenges associated with fossil fuels. Specifically, biodiesel production is one of those options prioritized in the literature. Herein, we demonstrated how a modified activated charcoal sample and chromium oxide can catalyze the upgrading of groundnut oil into fuel-grade biodiesel at the laboratory scale via trans-esterification with methanol. The charcoal-based catalyst was characterized mainly at mole ratio: 3:1 (methanol: oil) reaction time of 1hr and reaction temperature at 60°C. The yield of biodiesel produced were found 71.50% for activated modified charcoal, 59.30% for chromium oxide and 49.45% for charcoal only, which is a little lower than that obtained by some researchers, and the density was found to be 0.56/cm3 for active modified charcoal, 0.43g/cm3 for chromium oxide and 0.33g/cm3 for charcoal only which is within the ASTM approved limits. The viscocity was found to be 3.39mm2/s, 2.52 mm2/s and 1.85 mm2/s for modified activated charcoal chromium oxide and charcoal respectively at 40°C. The free fatty acid was found to be 0.01%, 0.04% and 0.02% for modified activated charcoal, chromium oxide and charcoal respectively and the values are within the range approved by ASTM. The saponification values obtained were 0.56mgKOH/g, 0.84mgKOH/g and 1.12mgKOH/g for modified activated charcoal, chromium oxide and charcoal respectively. Trans-esterification method is found to be good in producing by biodiesel from groundnut oil as corroborated by several investigations.
Abstract: A gradual shift to biofuels development was considered advantageous in reducing the pollution and other challenges associated with fossil fuels. Specifically, biodiesel production is one of those options prioritized in the literature. Herein, we demonstrated how a modified activated charcoal sample and chromium oxide can catalyze the upgrading of g...
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Research Article
Synthesis and Performance of a New and Simple Schiff Base Structure for Corrosion Inhibition of C38 steel in 1 M HCl Solution: Experimental Studies and DFT Investigation
Armel Megha Nouteza,
Martin Pengou*
,
Joliot Perrin Mbiamy Ngamy,
Pengkun Hou,
Jean Jacques Kouadjo Tchekwagep,
Charles Péguy Nanseu-Njiki,
Emmanuel Ngameni
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 1, March 2024
Pages:
6-27
Received:
20 March 2024
Accepted:
12 April 2024
Published:
29 April 2024
Abstract: In order to investigate the corrosion of carbon steel (C38) in acidic media, experimental studies (weight loss measurements, electrochemical methods, thermodynamic adsorption isotherms and field emission scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray) and computational approach were adopted to study the newly synthesized and simple Schiff base structure, namely 4-((phenylimino)methyl) phenol (PIMP) as a corrosion inhibitor for C38 steel in 1M HCl. Characterization techniques (Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, proton nuclear magnetic resonance) showed that PIMP was successfully synthesized with a yield of 63%. Experimental methods (weight loss, open circuit potential (OCP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP)) showed that PIMP is a mixed-type inhibitor with an inhibition percentage of 91.1% under optimal conditions (7.5 mM PIMP at 30°C). These experimental results were supported by surface analysis (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) coupled with Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX)), where PIMP molecules are adsorbed on the steel surface and form a protective barrier against aggressive ions, thereby limiting steel oxidation. The adsorption of PIMP on the carbon steel surface followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm along with a mixture of physical and chemical adsorption, forming a complete and dense protective film on the C38 steel surface. Theoretical results using density functional theory (DFT) calculations showed that PIMP contains highly reactive centers and confirmed the experimental results obtained.
Abstract: In order to investigate the corrosion of carbon steel (C38) in acidic media, experimental studies (weight loss measurements, electrochemical methods, thermodynamic adsorption isotherms and field emission scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray) and computational approach were adopted to study the newly synthesized and simp...
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