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The Mechanism of Ginkgo Biloba Extract in Treating Glioma
Shihua Liu,
Sen Yang,
Xiaohui Han,
Aixia Sui
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, June 2023
Pages:
34-43
Received:
31 March 2023
Accepted:
17 April 2023
Published:
27 April 2023
Abstract: Objective: To explore the active components of ginkgo biloba and the possible targets and pathways for treating glioma. Methods: The chemical components and corresponding targets of Ginkgo biloba were searched by TCMSP, and the "component-target" network map was constructed by Cytoscape. The GenCards database, OMIM database and Disgenet database were used to search for glioma-related genes. Ginkgo biloba targets and glioma gene intersections were extracted using R software, and Veen maps were drawn to obtain key targets. PPI network construction and GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were performed by key targets. Results: A total of 27 active ingredients in Ginkgo biloba leaves and 5770 glioma target genes were collected, and 48 key targets were obtained. PPI analysis showed that the core targets were IL6, ESR1, EGFR, PPARG, VEGFA, CYP3A4, AHR, AR, PGR, etc. GO enrichment analysis is mainly concentrated in nuclear receptor activity, neurotransmitter receptor activity, fatty acid metabolic processes, response to foreign stimuli, etc. KEGG enrichment pathways are mainly manifested in: cholinergic synapses, resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, etc. Conclusion: Ginkgo biloba can treat glioma through multi-target and multi-pathway, which is in line with the characteristics of holistic treatment of diseases in traditional Chinese medicine.
Abstract: Objective: To explore the active components of ginkgo biloba and the possible targets and pathways for treating glioma. Methods: The chemical components and corresponding targets of Ginkgo biloba were searched by TCMSP, and the "component-target" network map was constructed by Cytoscape. The GenCards database, OMIM database and Disgenet database we...
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Research Progress on the Mechanism and Treatment of Ferroptosis in Brain Glioma
Xiaohui Han,
Shihua Liu,
Sen Yang,
Aixia Sui
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, June 2023
Pages:
44-48
Received:
10 April 2023
Accepted:
2 May 2023
Published:
10 May 2023
Abstract: Ferroptosis is a new type of programmed cell death discovered in recent years. It is a regulatory cell death induced by iron dependent lipid peroxide injury. Ferroptosis plays a critical role in the development of glioma, affecting tumor proliferation, angiogenesis, tumor cell necrosis, and the formation of an immune-resistant tumor microenvironment. Glioma is the most common intracranial malignant tumor, with the characteristics of high incidence rate, high recurrence rate, high mortality rate and low cure rate. At present, the main standard treatment plan is tumor surgical resection, synchronous radiotherapy and chemotherapy, etc. Because of the extremely low 5-year survival rate and high recurrence rate of glioma patients, new effective treatment strategies are expected. With the extensive study of regulatory cell death in malignant tumors, there is increasing evidence that iron death is closely related to the development and outcome of glioma. Inducing iron death becomes an attractive strategy for glioma treatment. In this paper, we summarize the research on this aspect and summarize it in gelatin. The mechanism of action and therapeutic research value of tumor are expected to develop new therapeutic strategies and provide a certain theoretical basis for the in-depth research in this field.
Abstract: Ferroptosis is a new type of programmed cell death discovered in recent years. It is a regulatory cell death induced by iron dependent lipid peroxide injury. Ferroptosis plays a critical role in the development of glioma, affecting tumor proliferation, angiogenesis, tumor cell necrosis, and the formation of an immune-resistant tumor microenvironmen...
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Competitive Risk Analysis of Thymic Carcinoma Based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Database
Kwok Keung Yim,
Yishou Deng
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, June 2023
Pages:
49-58
Received:
19 April 2023
Accepted:
15 May 2023
Published:
24 May 2023
Abstract: In general, we use the classical Cox proportional hazards model to derive factors that affect the prediction of patients diagnosed with thymic carcinoma (TC); however, when competing risks exist, the results can be biased. This study aimed to build a competing risk model for patients with TC to explore a more accurate method for assessing the relevant factors affecting patient prognosis. We obtained data on patients with TC who met the inclusion criteria between 2004 and 2016 (with additional treatment fields) in the Surveillance Epidemiology, and End Results database. The cumulative incidence function and Gray’s test were used for univariate analysis, followed by the fine-Gray and Cox proportional hazards models for multivariate analysis. Of the 478 subjects with TC who were finally included, 284 (170 died from TC, and 114 died from other causes) (59.41%) died, and 194 (40.59%) patients were alive. Univariate Gray’s test results indicated that age, marital status, tumor size, summary stage (localized, regional, or distant), chemotherapy status, and surgery status significantly affected the cumulative incidence of the target event (P < 0.05). Multivariate competing risk analyses indicated that tumor size, marital status, summary stage, and surgery status were independent risk factors for the prediction of subjects (P < 0.05). This study explored a more accurate method to assess the prognostic factors of patients with TC. Our findings can contribute to the clinical development of more scientific and accurate treatment methods, providing benefits to the majority of patients with TC.
Abstract: In general, we use the classical Cox proportional hazards model to derive factors that affect the prediction of patients diagnosed with thymic carcinoma (TC); however, when competing risks exist, the results can be biased. This study aimed to build a competing risk model for patients with TC to explore a more accurate method for assessing the relev...
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Knowledge, Sexual Behaviors on Human Papillomavirus Infections and Associated Factors: Survey Among Female Adolescents and Adults in the Republic of Congo
Roch Bredin Bissala Nkounkou,
Estelle Géraldine Essangui Same,
Loic Pradel Kojom Foko,
Parfait Christy Nganga,
Paola Candyse Tsimba Lemba,
Austin Mas Ngoulou Ntsiba,
Luc Magloire Anicet Boumba,
Fabien Roch Niama,
Carole Else Eboumbou Moukoko
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, June 2023
Pages:
59-69
Received:
26 April 2023
Accepted:
17 May 2023
Published:
29 May 2023
Abstract: Background. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is sexually transmitted and responsible for anogenital warts and malignancies but its early diagnosis is hampered by the people’s lack of knowledge about the disease and prevention methods, especially in resource-limited countries. Objective. The study was designed to determine knowledge; attitudes and practices toward HPV infection in an urban women community, and evaluate the factors that are associated with HPV-related disease’s lack of knowledge. Method. Between February 2021 and August 2022, a cross sectional and prospective study was conducted in Pointe-Noire (PNR) and Brazzaville (BZV) region within the Republic of Congo. Anonymous questionnaire was used to explore demographics, knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. Data analysis were performed using StataSE11 software (version 11 SE). Results. Overall 250 (96.2%) of 260 people surveyed agreed to participate and of these, 70.4% were recruited in Brazzaville and, the mean age was 20.9 (min-max: 15-35) years. A low proportion (21.6%) of women reported knowing what HPV is and of these, only 40.7% had adequate knowledge of HPV. 17.2% reported a knowledge of cervical cancer, 12.0% an adequate preventive measures and all of them were adults. The mean age of first sexual intercourse was 16.8 (IQ25-75%: 16-18) years and statistically earlier in the adolescents (p=0.0001). The mean number of sexual partners was 2.6 (IQ25-75%: 1-3). 56.8% of participants use condoms regularly and 10.4% occasionally and, less than one-third used oral contraception. Only 3 participants received HPV vaccine. HPV infection were found in 38.0% of participants, and significantly lower among adults than adolescents (10% vs 45.7%; OR=5.43, 95%CI: 1.97-14.97, p=0.001) and, than young adults (42.9%; OR=1.04, 95%CI: 3.24-33.06, p<0.0001). Participants with more than two sexual partners are twice for acquiring HPV infection (aOR=2.36, 95%CI: 1.33-4.21, p=0.003). Study area (aOR = 0.17, p = 0.0001), age > 18 years (aOR = 2.54, p = 0.03) and age at first intercourse (17 – 21 years) (aOR = 0.40, p = 0.04) were determinants of HPV knowledge. Study area (aOR = 0.03, p = 0.0001), age > 18 years (aOR = 6.18, p = 0.009), concubinage (aOR = 0.14, p = 0.001) and 3-4 sexual partners (aOR = 5.18, p = 0.004) were determinants of cervical cancer knowledge. Conclusion. These results highlight the important of developing and implementing appropriate outreach strategies to improve patient awareness and knowledge of HPV-related diseases and to promote HPV vaccination uptake targeting adolescents and young adults in the Republic of Congo.
Abstract: Background. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is sexually transmitted and responsible for anogenital warts and malignancies but its early diagnosis is hampered by the people’s lack of knowledge about the disease and prevention methods, especially in resource-limited countries. Objective. The study was designed to determine knowledge; attitudes a...
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Research Progress on the Mechanism and Treatment of Pyroptosis in Brain Glioma
Xiaohui Han,
Jie Zhou,
Shihua Liu,
Sen Yang,
Aixia Sui
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, June 2023
Pages:
70-74
Received:
4 May 2023
Accepted:
22 May 2023
Published:
29 May 2023
Abstract: Glioma is the most common fatal primary malignant brain tumor in the central nervous system (CNS). Currently, the main standard treatment is the combination of tumor resection, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies glioma into four grades. Glioblastoma (GBM, WHO Grade 4) is the most aggressive type of glioma, characterized by cell heterogeneity, high proliferation rate, diffuse infiltration ability, and high resistance to chemotherapy drugs. Since the five-year survival rate is extremely low and the recurrence rate is high, some new effective treatment strategies are expected. Pyroptosis is an inflammatory programmed cell death mode. Compared with apoptosis, pyroptosis occurs faster and is accompanied by the release of a large number of pro-inflammatory factors. A large amount of evidence shows that pyrodeath can affect the development of tumor, and has both promoting and inhibiting effects on the development of glioma. In order to further understand the influence of pyroptosis on the glioma, this paper discussed the related studies of pyroptosis and glioma, in order to provide potential tumor treatment strategies based on pyroptosis for glioma patients.
Abstract: Glioma is the most common fatal primary malignant brain tumor in the central nervous system (CNS). Currently, the main standard treatment is the combination of tumor resection, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies glioma into four grades. Glioblastoma (GBM, WHO Grade 4) is the most aggressive type of glioma,...
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Epidermoid Carcinoma of the Breast: Report of an Observation and Review of the Literature
Bangoura Mohamed Saliou,
Diallo Mamadou Saliou,
Soumah Mohamed Salifou,
Youla Alpha Mohamed,
Cisse Fode,
Diallo Alseny,
Camara Naby Laye Youssouf,
Keita Abdoulaye,
Yattara Abdoulaye,
Soumaoro Labile Togba,
Toure Aboubacar
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, June 2023
Pages:
75-77
Received:
17 April 2023
Accepted:
26 May 2023
Published:
9 June 2023
Abstract: Introduction: primary squamous cell carcinoma is a well-known entity believed to be most common in the skin and other squamous cell-lined organs such as the esophagus and anus. Breast epidermoid carcinoma is very rare. Observation: we report the observation of a 30 years old woman, mother of 5 children and without particular pathological history addressed from a health center, for a tumor of the right breast evolving for 12 months. The tumor arisen following the drainage of an abscess collected from the right breast. On admission, the physical examination revealed a 6 cm ulcero-budding tumor in the supero-external quadrant, mobile in relation to the deep plane, painless, with the presence of two right axillary adenopathies of 3 cm and 1 cm which were mobile and painless. She performed a mammogram which revealed a mammary mass with fuzzy contours classified ACR4. A biopsy was done which showed a malignant tumor proliferation with predominance of squamous cells. The extension assessment was negative. She had 4 irregular courses of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with tumor stability. She underwent a total mastectomy with axillary dissection as well as radiotherapy of the axillary wall and hollow. The short and medium term follow-ups were simple. Conclusion: Squamous cell carcinoma of the breast is a rare tumor, with non-specific clinical and radiological characteristics and whose prognosis remains pejorative.
Abstract: Introduction: primary squamous cell carcinoma is a well-known entity believed to be most common in the skin and other squamous cell-lined organs such as the esophagus and anus. Breast epidermoid carcinoma is very rare. Observation: we report the observation of a 30 years old woman, mother of 5 children and without particular pathological history ad...
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Effect of Angiotensin II on the Malignant Biological Behaviors of Colorectal Cancer Cells and Its Mechanism of Action
Yingxue Yang,
Xiaotian Yang,
Qinghua Wang
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, June 2023
Pages:
78-85
Received:
17 May 2023
Accepted:
2 June 2023
Published:
9 June 2023
Abstract: Objective To explore the effects of angiotensin II (AngII) and the angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1R) antagonist Losartan on the malignant biological behaviors of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells including proliferation, invasion, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), as well as the underlying mechanism of action. Methods The CRC cell line CT26 was cultured in vitro, and the expression of AT1R in CT26 cells was detected by immunofluorescence staining. Cells were divided into control group, AngII treatment group, and Losartan + AngII treatment group. We analyzed cell growth, proliferation, migration and invasion in the above three groups by adopting functional experiments. Meanwhile, ELISA was performed to detect the expression levels of AngII, TGF-β and TNF-α in cell supernatants, and the Western blotting (WB) assay was carried out to detect the expression of related proteins. In addition, the xenograft tumor nude mouse model was constructed to explore the impact of AT1R antagonist Losartan on the in vivo growth of CRC cells. Results Through experiments in vitro, immunofluorescence staining results verified that AT1R was significantly expressed in CT26 cells. Compared with control group, AngII treatment remarkably promoted the growth, proliferation, migration and invasion of CT26 cells. In the meantime, relative to AngII treatment group, Losartan + AngII treatment group dramatically suppressed the growth, proliferation, migration and invasion of CT26 cells (P < 0.05). Moreover, relative to control group, AngII treatment evidently up-regulated the expression levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, N-cadherin, Vimentin, Snail and p-Smad proteins in cells, and induced the down-regulated expression of E-cadherin protein. Compared with AngII treatment group, Losartan + AngII treatment group showed dramatically decreased expression levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, N-cadherin, Vimentin, Snail and p-Smad proteins in cells, whereas significantly elevated expression of E-cadherin protein (P < 0.05). After AngII treatment, the TGF-β level secreted in cells was higher than that in control group, while that in cells of Losartan + AngII treatment group markedly decreased relative to AngII treatment group (P < 0.05). As revealed by in vivo experimental results, the xenograft tumor growth was evidently suppressed in Losartan + AngII treatment group compared with control group and AngII treatment group, and the serum AngII, TGF-β and TNF-α levels in mice were markedly reduced (P < 0.05). Conclusions AngII promotes the proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT of CT26 cells, while Losartan can antagonize the effect of AngII on promoting malignant growth of CRC both in vivo and in vitro.
Abstract: Objective To explore the effects of angiotensin II (AngII) and the angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1R) antagonist Losartan on the malignant biological behaviors of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells including proliferation, invasion, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), as well as the underlying mechanism of action. Methods The CRC c...
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