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Ethics and Politics: Two Parts of a Single Inquiry in Aristotle
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, September 2022
Pages:
96-100
Received:
28 April 2022
Accepted:
24 June 2022
Published:
5 July 2022
Abstract: This article delves into examining how according to Aristotle’s understanding Ethics and Politics, though, considered independent fields of study today, they are closely related as two parts or dimensions of a single inquiry. Our interest in this question of how Aristotle conceived these two fields of inquiry in their relatedness is drawn by our discovery that in his work Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle has given space to the discussion on the subject matter of politics. In Book 1 of Nicomechean Ethics some chapters are dedicated to examining the subject matter of politics, the aims of political science and the role of the political society is conceived to be the cultivation of virtuous life of the citizens. The foundation of this relationship lies on the fact that these two sciences are both practical sciences whose aim is the pursued and attainment of eudemonia, both individually and communally. Ethics and politics have a common method according to Aristotle. The practical truth that is proper to these practical sciences is achieved through the method called dialectic; which Aristotle conceives as an analytical instrument that facilitate by bringing clarity. Even the one who is an “amateur” to Aristotelian philosophy would realize that Aristotle has a conception according to which politics and ethics are related. This is a brief attempt to show the nature of that relationship. While the study of ethics shows the intrinsic requirements (virtues both moral and intellectual) for happiness, the study of politics seeks to show the best constitution (the best political climate) necessary for the cultivation of the life of virtues and consequently, the attainment of happiness.
Abstract: This article delves into examining how according to Aristotle’s understanding Ethics and Politics, though, considered independent fields of study today, they are closely related as two parts or dimensions of a single inquiry. Our interest in this question of how Aristotle conceived these two fields of inquiry in their relatedness is drawn by our di...
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Gnothi seauton (Know Thyself) an Essay on the Philosophy of Scientific Research for Science Students
David Alfaro Siqueiros Beltrones
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, September 2022
Pages:
101-104
Received:
7 July 2022
Accepted:
29 July 2022
Published:
4 August 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijp.20221003.12
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Abstract: In this essay philosophical bases for knowing why am I scientist are observed as having an unavoidable ethical connotation which aid in sizeing the romantic definitions of science and scientific method. The aphorism Gnothi seauton inscribed on the entrance of Apolo’s temple at the oracle of Delphi in ancient Greece appealed to the individual’s wisdom so that they may try to find the answer to the question that worried them. Likewise, currently it is recomended that science students and young scientists alike to ask themselves, What is science? Why practice science? What makes me scientist? Why study to be a scientist? What is scientific research? What is the scientific method? What is philosophy of science? Do I know what scientific ethics are? Of course, the answers to the above question are not easy nor simple and require comitment and conviction. Access to them demands an intelectual reflective process that begins with our scientific carreer and goes on for as long as it lasts. In return, science students will, as it should be, develope an adequate temper to legitimately question current stablishments that rely more on authority and propaganda than in scientifically based wisdom, such as anthropogenic global warming, acidification of the oceans, non-existence of scientific method, etc.
Abstract: In this essay philosophical bases for knowing why am I scientist are observed as having an unavoidable ethical connotation which aid in sizeing the romantic definitions of science and scientific method. The aphorism Gnothi seauton inscribed on the entrance of Apolo’s temple at the oracle of Delphi in ancient Greece appealed to the individual’s wisd...
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An Analytical Exposition of Indian Value System
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, September 2022
Pages:
105-111
Received:
31 May 2022
Accepted:
22 July 2022
Published:
9 August 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijp.20221003.13
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Abstract: Values play an important role in shaping human lives. Ethics is a discipline which not only studies human conduct but also advises to be virtuous to live a meaningful life. The discourse on ethics has not been discussed in Indian Philosophy as similar and found in western philosophy. In India, philosophy, religion and ethics have not been discussed in isolation. As a result of which, some have the opinion that there is no subject as ‘Indian Ethics’. To counter this view is the chief objective of writing this paper. Aristotle has truly defined man as a rational animal; rationality here is a distinguishing feature between man and animal. Humans are different from any other creature of physical world. Mere sensory pleasure and fulfillment of desires cannot be the motto of human life. Human being as rational and responsible being or moral being has the capacity to elevate themselves to the spiritual plane. It is generally agreed that human beings should lead a balanced life with proper knowledge and include the pursuit of proximate and ultimate goals of life. For this there can be different patterns of theorizing but Indian value system and its traditional schema seems to have much in its favour. Indian value system offers a holistic philosophy of life with due recognition to the material and spiritual needs of human beings. Indian value system always advocated altruistic attitude towards life. An individual’s existence has its real meaning within a totality or collective and his agency is exercised with this totality, wherein he interacts with others. Ultimately an Individual’s actions should thus promote the well-being of the collective. The guiding spirit here seems to be close to the philosophy of ‘Vasudhaiv-Kutumbakam’ (The whole world is a family), Bhagvadgita’s ideal of general welfare (Loksangraha) and Buddhist ideal of ‘Bodhisattava’. Present paper provides a clear and comprehensive view of Indian value system.
Abstract: Values play an important role in shaping human lives. Ethics is a discipline which not only studies human conduct but also advises to be virtuous to live a meaningful life. The discourse on ethics has not been discussed in Indian Philosophy as similar and found in western philosophy. In India, philosophy, religion and ethics have not been discussed...
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Sheek Harun Rasyidi At-Tobohi's Hadith Thinking on Musthalahul Hadis
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, September 2022
Pages:
112-115
Received:
23 June 2022
Accepted:
12 July 2022
Published:
29 August 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijp.20221003.14
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Abstract: Sheikh Harun Rasyid Toboh is one of the great scholars in Minangkabau who contributed to the science of hadith in the 19th century. The purpose of writing this article is to look at the style of the mustahalah book of Sheikh Harun Toboh's Hadith. The research methodology is (library research) which is not field research, but reads, analyzes and processes materials and references related to Sheikh Harun Toboh through journals, books, and other related articles, then conclusions are drawn. The conclusion is that the hadith of Sheikh Toboh has not been classified but is still random, while contemporary scholars have compiled the musthalah hadith books with a systematic classification. Furthermore, the writing of the Mustalah Hadith book of Sheikh Harun Toboh was motivated by the needs of his students at that time.
Abstract: Sheikh Harun Rasyid Toboh is one of the great scholars in Minangkabau who contributed to the science of hadith in the 19th century. The purpose of writing this article is to look at the style of the mustahalah book of Sheikh Harun Toboh's Hadith. The research methodology is (library research) which is not field research, but reads, analyzes and pro...
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The Teacher's Ideal, School and Education in Ramiro Guerra Sánchez (1880-1970)
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, September 2022
Pages:
116-121
Received:
16 July 2022
Accepted:
23 August 2022
Published:
5 September 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijp.20221003.15
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Abstract: Ramiro Guerra Sánchez, a representative figure of Cuban culture, historiography and education, was one of the educators whose imprint was developed during the first half of the 20th century who, from the perspective of bourgeois liberalism of positivist affiliation, developed a theory and practice education whose central axis is the promotion of a Cuban, democratic and progressive school during the Bourgeois Republic (1902-1958). Defender of the Cuban public school, his philosophy of education is part of the intangible heritage that represents Cuban progressive educational thought, which is based on the analysis of the categories Teacher, School and Education. The work reflects on the facts, processes and social and intellectual interactions that contributed to the determination of a vocation towards teaching from an early age as the basis of said philosophy of education. Which allows us to understand the formation of an ideal of the teacher, school and education as professional ideals, as well as the place that these ideals occupied in his philosophy of education from the perspective of his contemporaries. The bibliographic review carried out takes as its starting point the primary sources of information that reveal the educational theory and practice developed by Ramiro Guerra Sánchez.
Abstract: Ramiro Guerra Sánchez, a representative figure of Cuban culture, historiography and education, was one of the educators whose imprint was developed during the first half of the 20th century who, from the perspective of bourgeois liberalism of positivist affiliation, developed a theory and practice education whose central axis is the promotion of a ...
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A Caveat for Science Students on the Misuse of the Term Observation When Referring to Scientific Observation
David Alfaro Siqueiros Beltrones
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, September 2022
Pages:
122-125
Received:
22 August 2022
Accepted:
5 September 2022
Published:
16 September 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijp.20221003.16
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Abstract: Within scientific speeches, especially those by science students, expressions that synonymize the terms see and observe are frequent. That would imply that a blind person would be unable to make observations, a mistake that is made when trying to emphasize that something is being watched closely or inspected with certain intention, hence, observing. However, the term observation, does not derive etymologically from visual perception but from conserve, which in turn derives from servare, as observare, meaning: to look out, guard, save. Moreover, besides comprising other forms of perception such as hearing, smell, touch, observing in scientific (epistemological) terms consists rather of an inferential process coupled to the perception, that remarks or highlights something, i.e., a relation, a pattern, a constancy, a regularity, or a tendency, etc., detected in data or while inspecteing a phenomenom. In this way, observation in the sense of an element of Scientific Method implies a logical action that recognizes, within a heuristic process, that something is missing in the available theory (research problem), or that indicates evidence for or against theoretical premises or hypotheses. The ambigüity in the use of the term observe has an inertia that permeates even the speech of science philosophers. However, to science students it represents an ethical challenge to identify and correct this type of ambigüities during their scientific endeavour which can be better approached with an adequate philosophical background.
Abstract: Within scientific speeches, especially those by science students, expressions that synonymize the terms see and observe are frequent. That would imply that a blind person would be unable to make observations, a mistake that is made when trying to emphasize that something is being watched closely or inspected with certain intention, hence, observing...
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