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Urban Indicators in the Metropolitan Area of Pachuca, Hidalgo
Sergio Gabriel Ceballos Pérez
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, March 2017
Pages:
1-12
Received:
20 December 2016
Accepted:
3 January 2017
Published:
23 January 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.larp.20170201.11
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Abstract: The Metropolitan Area of Pachuca (MAP) is located very close to the Metropolitan Zone of the Valley of Mexico (ZMVM), which occupies a space of 7954 km2 divided in 76 municipalities, with a population close to 20 million people, according to with official estimates, in fact the projections within a period of no more than 10 years, say the ZMVM will become a metacity with Metropolitan Area of Pachuca, Toluca, Puebla and Morelos. Metropolitan Area of Pachuca comprises seven municipalities, in an extension of 120 km2 and has a population of 512,196 inhabitants according to the Census of Population and Housing 2010. Urban environmental problems originated from population and housing growth, have increased in the sense of citizens, however, there are no indicators or an urban observatory, which allows a timely, updated and frequent diagnosis, and with it, to carry out public policies aimed at solving said problems. The present article proposes a series of environmental urban indicators, considering the indicators proposed by the Habitat Sedesol program, Sustainable Development Indicators, Sustainable Seattle Indicators, Indicators of the Global Urban Observatory, among others, but adapting them to the conditions of the MAP.
Abstract: The Metropolitan Area of Pachuca (MAP) is located very close to the Metropolitan Zone of the Valley of Mexico (ZMVM), which occupies a space of 7954 km2 divided in 76 municipalities, with a population close to 20 million people, according to with official estimates, in fact the projections within a period of no more than 10 years, say the ZMVM will...
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Replacement of Natural Sand by Crushed Sand in the Concrete
Rameshwar S. Ingalkar,
Shrikant M. Harle
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, March 2017
Pages:
13-22
Received:
20 December 2016
Accepted:
30 December 2016
Published:
25 January 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.larp.20170201.12
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Abstract: Nowadays it is very important to make the concrete economical. Therefore the present work has initiated to make the concrete economical by replacing the natural sand by crushed sand in the concrete. From our study it is concluded that different Crushed sand gives different results for compressive strength depending on different quarries and from study of different research paper at 40% to 50% replacement of crushed sand the maximum compressive strength is obtained. The maximum tensile strength of concrete is obtain at 60% and 70% replacement of natural sand with Crushed sand. The concrete with crushed sand performed better than concrete with natural sand as the property of crush sand is better than that of natural sand.
Abstract: Nowadays it is very important to make the concrete economical. Therefore the present work has initiated to make the concrete economical by replacing the natural sand by crushed sand in the concrete. From our study it is concluded that different Crushed sand gives different results for compressive strength depending on different quarries and from st...
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A Study on History of Early Modern Town Planning of Banjul
Ebrima A. Kolley,
Wang Xiao,
Peng Kai
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, March 2017
Pages:
23-28
Received:
3 January 2017
Accepted:
16 January 2017
Published:
10 February 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.larp.20170201.13
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Abstract: From a military fort to a city by the British for the resolution of building a military fort for the clampdown of the slave trade, the modern urbanization of Banjul is a self-determination course beneath the inspiration of British Town Planning Theory. This paper discusses briefly the historic progress of physical planning development scene in Banjul. It offers some visions into the features of pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial planning contexts in Banjul. The argument in this paper is the serious city administration problem and planning which has continuously exhibited unpredictability, disintegration and an absenteeism of perceptible city commitment.
Abstract: From a military fort to a city by the British for the resolution of building a military fort for the clampdown of the slave trade, the modern urbanization of Banjul is a self-determination course beneath the inspiration of British Town Planning Theory. This paper discusses briefly the historic progress of physical planning development scene in Banj...
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The Mean Performance of Different Bread Wheat (Triticum Aestivum. L) Genotypes in Gurage Zone, Ethiopia
Kifle Zerga,
Firew Mekbib,
Tadesse Dessalegn
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, March 2017
Pages:
29-35
Received:
8 September 2016
Accepted:
7 October 2016
Published:
16 February 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.larp.20170201.14
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Abstract: In Ethiopia, a number of improved bread wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) varieties have been released by different research centers inorder to see the adaptability and performance of different bread wheat genotypes. However nothing has been done at Gurage Zone and therefore a total of twenty five bread wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) genotypes were evaluated for adaptability and performance at Gurage zone at two different environments. The genotypes were grown in randomized complete block design. Data were collected on 13 agronomic characters. Based on the mean separation, highest grain yield (4941.70kg/ha) was recorded from Hoggana, while lowest yield of (1983.30 kg/ha) was obtained from Kakaba and Sofumar at Fereziye. At Kotergedra, the highest grain yield of (5366.7 kg/ha) was also recorded from Hoggana and the lowest yield of (3166.7 kg/ha) was obtained from Kakaba. The highest above ground biomass also obtained from Hoggana at both location 10850.00 kg/ha and 16992.00 kg/ha at Fereziye and Kotergedra respectively. Statistically, the variety Hoggana gave the highest tillers per plant and spikes per plant at both locations those are positive contributions to grain yield. Therefore, the genotypes can be considered when increment of these characters was needed. Therefore genotype Hoggana could be used for the seed system program in the respective location.
Abstract: In Ethiopia, a number of improved bread wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) varieties have been released by different research centers inorder to see the adaptability and performance of different bread wheat genotypes. However nothing has been done at Gurage Zone and therefore a total of twenty five bread wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) genotypes were evaluate...
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Modern Geo-ecological Conditions and Terrain Transformation of Tbilisi (Georgia)
Lela Gadrani,
George Gaprindashvili
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, March 2017
Pages:
36-42
Received:
8 January 2017
Accepted:
25 January 2017
Published:
21 February 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.larp.20170201.15
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Abstract: Throughout the course of history (especially since the late 1900s) the development of Tbilisi as the capital city, demanded a high level of urbanization. This ever-increasing demand was met with the erection of new dwellings, social hubs (e.g. parks) and infrastructural projects. Riverbeds were diverted in order to clear way for new transportation roots, hillsides and slopes made into large terraces for construction of tall buildings, roads and junctions were also put in place as well as new sufficient railroad tracks going around the city rather than directly through it. To supply the city with fresh water new vast reservoirs were built. Such anthropogenic activity is still evident in Tbilisi. Towns represent complex artificial engineering structures of social-economic nature. The interaction between towns and their surrounding shares a perpetually evolving character. The urbanization and utilization of vast territories for energy resources gives an impetus to an environmental shift of a global scale. Urbanized localities are, therefore, the highest forms of human habitation. Urbanization as a notion is considered to be a factor in the improvement social advancement. However, there are certain contradictions as some forms of such advancement may in fact bring more harm than benefit to the society. The rapid rise in the population of an urbanized locality ultimately results in the formation of incontrollable, problematic, and often illegal slums and shantytowns. A wide-ranging, complex study of the surrounding environments of the town, however, is an essential component to regulating such processes. Such studies can act as a foundation for effective geo-ecological development and for planning priorities and strategies of further work. Hazardous exo-dynamic processes (Landslides, debrisflow/mudflows, avalanches, riverbed erosions etc) as well as a the rapid growth of the human population has placed Tbilisi into the category of highly dangerous territories, as any natural catastrophe that may occur within the limits of the city will result in excessive economic and humanitarian losses. The study of geo-ecological and landscape transformation of Tbilisi is, thus, of both academic and practical use.
Abstract: Throughout the course of history (especially since the late 1900s) the development of Tbilisi as the capital city, demanded a high level of urbanization. This ever-increasing demand was met with the erection of new dwellings, social hubs (e.g. parks) and infrastructural projects. Riverbeds were diverted in order to clear way for new transportation ...
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