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Eco Concrete Characterization Using Steel Slag and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag as Partial Replacement of Sand and Cement Respectively
Mekides Damena,
Shanmuga Vadivu
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2020
Pages:
61-66
Received:
22 July 2020
Accepted:
4 August 2020
Published:
19 November 2020
Abstract: The waste products of the factory mainly steel slag and GGBFS (ground granulated blast furnace slag) are used and recycled to gain concrete of different requirements related to strength and durability. In this research, it is intended to examine the impact of ground granulated blast furnace slag and steel slag replacement for cement and fine aggregate respectively. Both materials are taken from a factory of reinforcement bars which is located around Akaki kality sub-city, known as Akaki steel factory. The research additionally addresses X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope techniques (SEM), and chemical composition of major oxides and minor oxides of the blast furnace slag. The main objective of this research targets in investigating an experimental aspect of replacing by-products of steel slag and ground granulated blast furnace slag partially on concrete production. It addresses the issue of a more expedite and urgent issue of our globalized world, climate change by replacing part of the concrete with these waste products. The followings are the main steps to carry out the researchAnalysis of properties of materials used as steel slag and ground granulated blast furnace slag. Blast furnace slag and steel slag mixed concrete mix design for partial substitution of cement and fine aggregate respectively. Find out the optimum replacement level of steel slag and that of ground granulated blast furnace slag in concrete. The thesis puts forward an experimental based analysis to determine the extent to which the industrial waste materials play a role in partial substitution of fine aggregate and cement in the preparation of concrete. From the experiments demonstrated flexural, tensile, and compressive strength of concrete is higher when GGBFS is replaced up to 5% of the cement and that of steel slag up to 30% of the sand.
Abstract: The waste products of the factory mainly steel slag and GGBFS (ground granulated blast furnace slag) are used and recycled to gain concrete of different requirements related to strength and durability. In this research, it is intended to examine the impact of ground granulated blast furnace slag and steel slag replacement for cement and fine aggreg...
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Impacts of Informal Settlements on Housing Development: The Case of Debre Berhan Town, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2020
Pages:
67-73
Received:
10 June 2020
Accepted:
22 June 2020
Published:
23 November 2020
Abstract: The issue of inadequate housing is the difficulty that millions of lower and middle-income groups in urban areas of the developing world face. This study is an assessment of informal settlements and its impacts on housing developments in Debre Berhan town. The core problem identified in this research is the uncontrollable illegal division of lands for substandard housing. The study aimed to examine the characteristics informal settlements focusing on housing standards, causes of Informal settlements including their impacts in the housing developments, the different modes of informal land acquisition mechanisms, evaluating the legal responses for informal settlers to solve these impacts and to propose a possible preventive and curative solution for the informal settlement expansion in the town. The research design employed in the study was a mixed type and the combination of probability and purposive sampling techniques were used. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected from primary and secondary sources, and the methods of data collection from primary were direct observation, interviews, field questionnaire surveys, and instrumental use. The result of the study of informal settlements in the town was characterized by legal, socioeconomic, and environment due to the inefficiency of the formal land supply process, to deliver adequate land for housing, population growth, urbanization, socio-cultural factors, and others. And the major mechanisms of informal land acquired through purchasing lands from informal land market and inheritance. The physical, social, political, and environmental problems were the impacts that are caused by informal settlements and the local government’s response was regulating and demolition. The study recommended the entire land development and management system to address vital areas of strategic physical planning, cadastral surveying, land recording and registration, and well-managed land information system to improve the land availability factor in the town and help to control informal settlements. This research will have a positive contribution to promoting the realization of the right to adequate housing with security of tenure for informal settlements in Debre Berhan town.
Abstract: The issue of inadequate housing is the difficulty that millions of lower and middle-income groups in urban areas of the developing world face. This study is an assessment of informal settlements and its impacts on housing developments in Debre Berhan town. The core problem identified in this research is the uncontrollable illegal division of lands ...
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Flood Plain Mapping and Hazard Assessment of Muga River by Using ArcGIS and HEC-RAS Model Upper Blue Nile Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2020
Pages:
74-85
Received:
16 September 2020
Accepted:
29 September 2020
Published:
23 November 2020
Abstract: Flood happens repeatedly and is a common phenomenon in Ethiopia causing a lot of losses to human lives as well as damage to property. The majority of flood disasters’ victims are people living in and nearby stretch of floodplains. It results direct or indirect loss of agricultural productivity, infrastructure, and disruption of transportation access and services. The objective of this study was to analyze flood inundation area mapping and Hazard Assessment of Muga River. Flood generating factors, i.e. slope, elevation, rainfall, drainage density, land use, and soil type were rated and combined to delineate flood hazard zones using a multi-criteria evaluation technique in an ArcGIS environment. The flooded areas along the Muga River have been mapped based on highest flows for different return periods using the HEC-RAS model, ArcGIS for spatial data processing and HEC-GeoRAS for interfacing between HEC-RAS and ArcGIS. The areas along the Muga River simulated to be inundated for 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 years return periods. The flooded areas along the Muga River are 18 km2, 21 km2, 26 km2, 34 km2 and 43 km2 for 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 year return periods, respectively. Proper land use management and afforestation, is significant to reduce the adverse effects of flooding particularly in the low-lying flood prone areas. The result of this study will helps the concerned bodies to formulate develop strategies according to the available flood plain mapping and hazard to the area.
Abstract: Flood happens repeatedly and is a common phenomenon in Ethiopia causing a lot of losses to human lives as well as damage to property. The majority of flood disasters’ victims are people living in and nearby stretch of floodplains. It results direct or indirect loss of agricultural productivity, infrastructure, and disruption of transportation acces...
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