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Research Article
COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Associated Factors in Gilgel Beles Town, Metekel Zone, Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Northwest Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 3, June 2025
Pages:
106-113
Received:
28 March 2025
Accepted:
23 April 2025
Published:
29 May 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.sjph.20251303.11
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Abstract: Background: The coronavirus killed millions of people globally and was deemed a public health emergency on March 11, 2020. Many nations have put strict regulations in place. Mass vaccinations to protect the public from COVID-19 have been in place since December 2020. To stop viruses from spreading, community immunizations against COVID-19 are crucial. However, there is currently no information available on Gilgel Beles town's community's adoption of the COVID-19 vaccination. Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the level of acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination and its associated factors among communities in Gilgel Beles town, Metekel zone, North West Ethiopia. Methodology: Community-based cross-sectional study was employed between April 20/2022, and May 20/ 2022, in Gilgel Beles town. A systematic random sampling technique was used to choose 418 households in the town. After obtaining the ethical clearance sheet, Data was gathered through face-to-face interviews at their home. Before being moved to SPSS version 22 for analysis, the data were coded, cleaned, recorded, and entered into Epidata 4. The relationship between independent and dependent variables was investigated using bivariate logistic regression analysis. A variable in the multiple logistic regression models with a p-value ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Of 415 respondents, above half of them, 255 (61.4%), were accepted to take the COVID-19 vaccine if available. Age (P-value=0.000), History of vaccine adverse effects (AOR=.3.63, 95%, CI: 1.38, 9.55), Cigarette smoking practice (AOR=3.47, 95% CI: 1.45, 8.27), Friends have been diagnosed with COVID-19 (P-value=0.000) and type of media (P=0.016) were significantly associated with acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine. Conclusion: The prevalence of COVID-19 vaccination acceptance was not high enough. The engagement of religious organizations and religious leaders to promote the advantages of COVID-19 vaccination to their followers and promotion through community radio should be implemented to increase COVID-19 vaccination acceptance.
Abstract: Background: The coronavirus killed millions of people globally and was deemed a public health emergency on March 11, 2020. Many nations have put strict regulations in place. Mass vaccinations to protect the public from COVID-19 have been in place since December 2020. To stop viruses from spreading, community immunizations against COVID-19 are cruci...
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Case Report
The Concept of Complex Tumour Therapy with a Tendency Towards Convalescence
Moses Schorr-Tschudnowski*
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 3, June 2025
Pages:
114-122
Received:
18 April 2025
Accepted:
3 May 2025
Published:
29 May 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.sjph.20251303.12
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Abstract: The treatment of oncological diseases has developed very positively over the last 20 years. Nevertheless, it is useful to think about what can be used differently or better in standard therapy. In spite of this, not all new therapies for improving the immune system have a good effect in all tumour patients. The reasons for the lack of the expected response to treatment are the subject of much research today. One new direction is the use of modified bacteria and viruses both to activate the immune response and to make it more targeted. The fact that this is possible was noticed more than 100 years ago and the treatment of tumours by injecting pathological bacteria into the tumour was initiated. This is an oncological treatment complex that contains a combination of complementary, naturopathic treatment methods and new forms of treatment such as checkpoint inhibitors as well as some elements of conventional therapies. All this against the background of the strong activation of the immune system with PAMP therapy. The treatment method and the course of recovery are described here and also presented using two practical examples. This concept is not only able to positively influence the course of the disease even in moderately advanced stages of a tumour disease, but is even able to cure many of those who are supposedly incurable. For this purpose, only special oncolytic viruses and modified bacteria should not necessarily be used for such therapies. Vaccinations from living weakened bacteria and viruses used in other ways also ensure sufficient and successful activation of the immune system. Particular attention is paid to the safety of the therapy and the avoidance of drug interactions. The proposed concept has shown high therapeutic potential in various cancers. Many details of the method's application require further observation and subsequent analysis.
Abstract: The treatment of oncological diseases has developed very positively over the last 20 years. Nevertheless, it is useful to think about what can be used differently or better in standard therapy. In spite of this, not all new therapies for improving the immune system have a good effect in all tumour patients. The reasons for the lack of the expected ...
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Research Article
Bayesian Modeling of Antenatal Care Utilization and Key Maternal Risk Factors in Mogadishu, Somalia
Abdinasir Dahir Ali,
Rebecca Muhumuza Nalule*
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 3, June 2025
Pages:
123-133
Received:
25 April 2025
Accepted:
14 May 2025
Published:
21 June 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.sjph.20251303.13
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Abstract: Antenatal care (ANC) is a critical intervention in reducing maternal and neonatal mortality, particularly in low-resource settings. Despite global recommendations by the World Health Organization (WHO) for at least four ANC visits during pregnancy, the utilization of ANC services remains suboptimal in Somalia. This study investigates the key maternal risk factors affecting ANC utilization among 294 mothers in Mogadishu, Somalia, using Bayesian logistic regression. The objective of this study was to identify sociodemographic and maternal factors that significantly influence ANC attendance. The findings reveal that higher maternal age and greater parity were significantly associated with decreased ANC utilization. Conversely, higher educational attainment and employment status were positively correlated with increased ANC visits. The analysis also demonstrated that women with higher levels of education, especially those with secondary or tertiary education, were more likely to attend ANC visits as recommended. Additionally, socioeconomic factors such as household income and decision-making autonomy played an important role in ANC utilization. The Bayesian model displayed excellent convergence and predictive accuracy, highlighting the complex, multifactorial nature of ANC utilization. These results emphasize the importance of improving access to healthcare services, educational interventions, and economic empowerment to enhance maternal health outcomes. The study also emphasizes the potential of Bayesian methods in providing valuable insights for policymakers in fragile healthcare systems, such as that of Somalia.
Abstract: Antenatal care (ANC) is a critical intervention in reducing maternal and neonatal mortality, particularly in low-resource settings. Despite global recommendations by the World Health Organization (WHO) for at least four ANC visits during pregnancy, the utilization of ANC services remains suboptimal in Somalia. This study investigates the key matern...
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Research Article
Magnitude and Associated Factors of Non-Reassuring Fetal Heart Rate Among Laboring Mothers at Jigjiga Public Hospitals, Eastern Ethiopia, 2024
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 3, June 2025
Pages:
134-145
Received:
5 May 2025
Accepted:
28 May 2025
Published:
23 June 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.sjph.20251303.14
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Abstract: Background: Non-reassuring fetal heart rate, which indicates fetal hypoxia due to inadequate oxygen supply, is the most common reason for increasing cesarean sections and operative vaginal deliveries beyond world health organization recommendations. However, there is a lack of research on this issue nationally and no studies have been conducted in the study area. Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with non-reassuring fetal heart rate among laboring mothers who gave birth at Jigjiga Public Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia, 2024 Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 281 laboring mothers who gave birth at Jigjiga Public Hospital from April 15 to May 15, 2024. Study subjects were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. Data was collected through pretested, interviewer-administered, semi-structured questionnaires, then entered into EPI-DATA Version 4.6 and exported to SPSS Version 25 for analysis. Binary logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with non-reassuring fetal heart rate. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to assess the strength of associations, with statistical significance declared at a p-value < 0.05. Model fitness was assessed using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test. Results: The prevalence of non-reassuring fetal heart rate was 22.4% (95% CI: 17.5-27.5). Meconium-stained amniotic fluid (AOR = 6.239, 95% CI: 2.726-12.281), bloody amniotic fluid (AOR = 6.232, 95% CI: 2.726-19.183), not having antenatal contact (AOR = 4.196, 95% CI: 1.859-9.473), obstetric complications (AOR = 9.562, 95% CI: 4.139-20.090), and rural residence (AOR = 3.32, 95% CI: 1.32-8.346) were significantly associated with Non-reassuring fetal heart rate. Conclusions: The overall prevalence of non-reassuring fetal heart rate was high. Significant associations were found with residing in rural areas, having obstetric complications, meconium- and blood-stained amniotic fluid, and not having anti natal care visits.
Abstract: Background: Non-reassuring fetal heart rate, which indicates fetal hypoxia due to inadequate oxygen supply, is the most common reason for increasing cesarean sections and operative vaginal deliveries beyond world health organization recommendations. However, there is a lack of research on this issue nationally and no studies have been conducted in ...
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Research Article
Building Resilient One Health Systems: Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic and Implications for Somalia
Abdirazak Yusuf Ahmed*
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 3, June 2025
Pages:
146-155
Received:
20 April 2025
Accepted:
3 May 2025
Published:
25 June 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.sjph.20251303.15
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Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic presented unprecedented challenges to global health systems and economies, underscoring the urgent need for comprehensive strategies to build resilient One Health systems. This paper examines the lessons learned from the pandemic, focusing on its impact on health leadership, finance, and livelihoods, particularly highlighting the vulnerabilities at the human-animal-environment interface. It emphasizes the importance of equitable resource distribution, proactive inter-sectoral collaboration, and sustained investment in public health systems, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The study utilizes a qualitative case analysis methodology, synthesizing reports, academic literature, and policy documents, to explore the specific challenges faced by Somalia, a country with a fragile healthcare system compounded by decades of conflict, during the pandemic. Furthermore, it explores opportunities for strengthening healthcare infrastructure and enhancing disease surveillance through integrated approaches as critical components of building resilience in preparation for future health crises. Anticipated outcomes include identifying critical vulnerabilities and proposing contextually relevant, actionable strategies for resource-constrained settings. The paper concludes with detailed and prioritized actionable recommendations for strengthening One Health systems globally and specifically within the context of Somalia, a nation grappling with unique challenges in its recovery from conflict and building resilient health infrastructure capable of withstanding future shocks.
Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic presented unprecedented challenges to global health systems and economies, underscoring the urgent need for comprehensive strategies to build resilient One Health systems. This paper examines the lessons learned from the pandemic, focusing on its impact on health leadership, finance, and livelihoods, particularly highlighting ...
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Research Article
Precancerous Cervical Lesion and Associated Factors Among Women on Antiretroviral Therapy at Public Health Facilities in Hawassa City, Southern Ethiopia, 2024
Mihretu Yonas,
Solomon Tesfaye Doelaso*
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 3, June 2025
Pages:
156-164
Received:
29 March 2025
Accepted:
29 April 2025
Published:
25 June 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.sjph.20251303.16
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Abstract: Background: Cervical cancer is a malignant neoplasm that originates in the cells of the cervix, the lower part of the uterus. Early detection and appropriate treatment make it one of the most preventable malignant diseases. A precancerous cervical lesion (PCCL) is an abnormality in the cervix's cells that have the potential to progress to cervical cancer. These pathological alterations could be early warning signs of cancer. Its primary cause was a persistent infection with human papillomavirus, which is an infection acquired during sexual relations. It is more intensified among patients living with HIV/AIDS. Women infected with HIV shown a median three-fold higher incidence of cervical lesions than uninfected women. Objective: To assess the magnitude of PCCL and associated factors among women on Antiretroviral therapy (ART) at Public Health Facilities in Hawassa, Southern Ethiopia, 2024. Methods: A facility based cross-sectional studies was conducted from July15 to August 30, 2024, by using a structured interviewer administered questionnaires. A systematic random sampling technique was used to enroll a total of 402 study subjects. The data were coded, cleaned, and entered into Epidata 3.1 and exported to SPSS 26 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regressions were used to determine the presence and the degree of association between dependent and independent variables. Finally, independent variables with a P-value < 0.05, was considered as variable has statistically significant association. Result: The magnitude of PCCL was 20.4% with 95% CI (17.79 - 23.37). The odds of developing PCCL among women who have one sexual partner in life time were decreased by 71% (AOR= 0.29, 95% CI: 0.13 - 0.63) as compared to women have multiple partners. Women who smoke cigarettes were 5.6 times more likely to have PCCL compared as those who did not smoke (AOR=5.57, 95% CI: 2.10-14.74). Likelihoods of having PCCL among women who rural residence was 8.6 times more likely to develop PCCL compared with to those women from urban residence (AOR=8.58, 95%CI: 3.11 -23.66). Also, women who had a previous history of STI were 1.94 times as likely to develop PCCL as those who had not previous history of STI (AOR=1.94, 95%CI: 1.14 - 3.32). Conclusion: This study found that about one-fifth of HIV-positive women developed PCCL. According to this study, there was a significant association between PCCL among HIV-positive women and having history of STI, having multiple sexual partners, Cigarette smoking and rural residence. In order to reduce PCCL, policy makers and concerned bodies should pay particular attention to this issue.
Abstract: Background: Cervical cancer is a malignant neoplasm that originates in the cells of the cervix, the lower part of the uterus. Early detection and appropriate treatment make it one of the most preventable malignant diseases. A precancerous cervical lesion (PCCL) is an abnormality in the cervix's cells that have the potential to progress to cervical ...
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