Prevalence of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Among Students of Medical Laboratory Sciences in Port Sudan Ahlia College
Abd Elrahman Mustafa Abd Elrahman Osman,
Shingray Osman Hashim,
Mohammed Abdall Musa,
Omer Mohammed Tahir
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, June 2018
Pages:
1-4
Received:
11 October 2017
Accepted:
15 December 2017
Published:
7 February 2018
Abstract: Hepatitis B virus infection is a salient occupational hazard for health workers. It has been estimated that about two billion people worldwide have been infected with the virus. It is the 10th leading cause of death worldwide and results in 500,000 to 1.2million deaths per year due to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The presence of HBsAg in serum or plasma is an indication of active Hepatitis B infection, either acute or chronic. Healthcare workers, of which medical students are a part of, are at high risk of encountering accidental needle prick injuries, blood and body fluid exposure and hence acquiring blood borne infections, especially Hepatitis B which may be followed by serious long term sequelae in a significant number of cases. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence rate of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) among the Port Sudan Ahlia College, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences students, during the period from January to May 2012 AD. The study included male and female individual's aged18-25 years. It was found that the incidence of hepatitis B virus among the students under study amounted to 2% using the Immuno-Chromatography Test (ICT). Seroprevalence was recorded in the females (2.0%) than males (0.0%) students. Other studies are required in the future for more confirmation with more specific and sensitive Techniques; such as: analysis by Enzyme linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (E. L. I. S. A.) Technique and Polymerase Chain Reaction (P. C. R). Participated in this study, qualitative detection of HBsAg was done using one step HBsAg rapid test strips (DiaSpot Diagnostics, USA). Results were correlated and reported as positive or negative. Among the 50 samples analyzed, 2 samples were positive for HBsAg accounting for a prevalence rate of 2.0%. This prevalence was however statistically non – significant (p0.05). The major risk factors of hepatitis B transmission among medical students include unprotected exposure body fluids, blood and blood products as well as lack of vaccination.
Abstract: Hepatitis B virus infection is a salient occupational hazard for health workers. It has been estimated that about two billion people worldwide have been infected with the virus. It is the 10th leading cause of death worldwide and results in 500,000 to 1.2million deaths per year due to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The presence of HBsAg in...
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Cluster of Differentiation 4 Count and Left Ventricular Diastolic Function in Patients with Hiv - Aids
Farid Hidayat,
Dian Pratiwi,
Titus Kurnia,
Taslim,
Ahmad Syukri,
Paskalis Indra,
Muzakkir Amir,
Peter Kabo,
Robert Setiadji
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, June 2018
Pages:
5-10
Received:
23 February 2018
Accepted:
20 March 2018
Published:
12 April 2018
Abstract: Background: People with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) are at risk of developing structural and functional cardiac abnormalities that are unrelated to common cardiac risk factors (e.g. Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, Smoking habit). AIDS may be associated with chronic inflammation related to multiple factors related to the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection and its complications. Cardiac abnormality with AIDS may be subclinical and may present long before the onset of clinical heart failure symptoms. Objectives: To anticipate the risk of cardiovascular morbidity in people with AIDS. Methods: The researchers studied 52 people with AIDS in this observational cross-sectional study, which were further categorized into those with cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) count of less than 200/mm3 and those with CD4 count of more than 200/mm3. Echocardiographic examinations were done to evaluate cardiac structural and functional values. Results: Mean age was 33 years old, predominantly male (71.2%). The group with a CD4 count of less than 200/mm3 showed higher Left Ventricular Mass Index (LVMI) values (113.08 vs. 39.99, p=0.012), a higher risk of developing diastolic dysfunction (OR 9.35, CI 95%, p=0.018) and pericardial effusion (OR 3.83, CI 95%, p=0.048). Conclusion: A CD4 count of less than 200/mm3 is associated with a higher risk of developing cardiac diastolic dysfunction and structural abnormalities.
Abstract: Background: People with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) are at risk of developing structural and functional cardiac abnormalities that are unrelated to common cardiac risk factors (e.g. Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, Smoking habit). AIDS may be associated with chronic inflammation related to multiple factors related to the Human Immunod...
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Factors Accounting for Differences of Fertility Desires and Intentions Among HIV-Infected and Uninfected Women of Reproductive Age at Six Hospitals in Two Regions of Kenya
Simba Milker Atieno,
Linus Gitonga,
Zipporah Ng’ang’a,
Patrick Orege
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, June 2018
Pages:
11-19
Received:
23 June 2018
Accepted:
9 July 2018
Published:
1 August 2018
Abstract: Previous studies indicate that parenthood is a central life goal in most societies. Child bearing among HIV infected women poses danger of vertical HIV transmission. The study sought to investigate factors accounting for the differences in levels of fertility desires and intentions for HIV-infected and uninfected women of reproductive age from six hospitals in Nyanza and Central regions of Kenya. Intention connotes commitment to a course which usually leads to instrumental behaviors whereas desires are, however, wishes, which may be based more on emotions than on reality. A combination of quantitative and qualitative methods was used. Both HIV-infected and uninfected women desired and intended to have a median of three children. Women from Nyanza were 10.1 times more likely to desire more children than those from Central region (p<0.001). There was significant greater intention to have children among women aged 40-44 years or older with lower levels of education and living in rural areas. Cultural factors were found to influence fertility desires and intentions among women. To eliminate mother-to-child transmission of HIV, reproductive health interventions should take into consideration the special needs of HIV-infected women to avoid unintended pregnancies, and eliminate the risk of vertical transmission. Additional tailored sexual and reproductive care and counselling support should be provided to HIV- infected women; couples and men to assist them make decisions on issues such as number, spacing and timing of pregnancy and use of contraceptives. Fertility and family planning education should be part of each clinic visit for both female and male HIV- infected clients. More effort should be put on educating male HIV infected clients since male partners have greater influence on fertility intentions in the family in Kenyan society.
Abstract: Previous studies indicate that parenthood is a central life goal in most societies. Child bearing among HIV infected women poses danger of vertical HIV transmission. The study sought to investigate factors accounting for the differences in levels of fertility desires and intentions for HIV-infected and uninfected women of reproductive age from six ...
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Experimental Effect Observation on Intensive Community STD Intervention
Song Shu-yi,
Zhou Xiao-Ping,
Bai Wen-hai,
Qu Hui-ying,
Zhou Guo-mao,
Li Zhen
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, June 2018
Pages:
20-25
Received:
27 July 2018
Accepted:
14 August 2018
Published:
5 September 2018
Abstract: Objective: To observe the implementation and effect of intensive community based sexually transmitted Disease (STD) intervention pilot in community. Methods: To adopt epidemiological experimental research method to establish the community experimental intervention group and the blank control group. To compare the intervention level and effect of venereal disease in each group after 1 years' work, and continue to follow up the pilot intervention group for next 2 years, and evaluated the pilot effect of intensive STD intervention. Results: During the first years of intervention, the two groups had no personnel changes, and there was no significant difference in the distribution of the two groups in the community population, the high-risk population and the vulnerable population (c2=1.864, P=0.172). In the first year, 1141 cases of sexually transmitted diseases were screened, including 748 cases of clinical diagnosis and treatment, and 1306 cases of symptomatic treatment, all of which were significantly higher than those of the control group (c2=11.92,211.3,73.64; P=0.001,0,0). In the intervention group of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Candida, trichomonas, bacterial vaginosis positive screening rate significantly higher than that in control group (c2=4.45134.85,48.7,17.08; P=0.035,0,0,0). Intervention group of mycoplasma infection, condyloma acuminatum, Candida, trichomonas, bacterial vaginosis of 3, diagnosis and treatment effect significantly higher than that in control group (c2=17.6,4.055136.8,48.7,17.08; P=0,0.44,0,0,0). Two groups of pubic lice and scabies screening positive rate and the curative effect was 100%, but the intervention group treatment 14 cases which were higher than the control group of 3 cases. The intervention group of urethral secretions and vaginal secretions of symptomatic management 3 days efficiency is higher than that of the control group (c2=86.377, 37.239; P=0, 0). The number of STD clinics and the growth rate of total out-patient in intervention group were also significantly higher than those in control group (c2=82.87, 7.44; P=0, 0.006). The STD screening, the average etiological treatment, and the average symptomatic management in the next two years was increased compared with the first year, and the differences were statistically significant (c2=49.619, 12.559, 107.437; P=0,0,0) Conclusion: The effect of intensive STD intervention is much better than the current STD intervention service. Intensive STD intervention has good sustainability and is suitable to be popularized in urban community health service.
Abstract: Objective: To observe the implementation and effect of intensive community based sexually transmitted Disease (STD) intervention pilot in community. Methods: To adopt epidemiological experimental research method to establish the community experimental intervention group and the blank control group. To compare the intervention level and effect of ve...
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