Research Article
In-silico Characterization of the Phytochemicals of Phyllanthus Niruri Against Nephrolithiasis
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 1, March 2026
Pages:
1-18
Received:
7 February 2026
Accepted:
21 February 2026
Published:
17 March 2026
Abstract: Nephrolithiasis, which is also known as kidney stone disease, is a regular urological disorder that came with the formation of crystalline deposits within the renal system. It is very significant that the regular and convention procedures for the prevention and treatment of kidney stone diseases including lithotripsy and pharmacotherapy have limitations ranging from recurrence, expensive and great adverse effects, which necessitate the search for safer and highly effective alternatives in phytochemicals with proven biological activities. Phyllanthus niruri is locally and traditionally recognized and active for its antiurolithiatic and nephroprotective effects, with its various diverse bioactive constituents such as flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and phenolic compounds. In this work we employed molecular docking and ADMET (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity) analyses to screen phytochemicals generated from Phyllanthus niruri as potential inhibitors of nephrolithiasis associated proteins. 64 phytochemicals were retrieved from literature and was used to perform docking against the 7KLL protein target using AutoDock and AutoDock Vina integrated in PyRx. Binding affinities, inhibition constants as well as protein-ligands interactions were analyzed using Biovia Discovery Studio and PyMOL. ADMET predictions were performed using online softweb Admetsar2 to assess pharmacokinetic and safety profiles. Amariin (−8.8 kcal/mol), Ellagitannin (8.5 kcal/mol), Miquelianin (-8.6 kcal/mol) Nirurin (-8.5 kcal/mol), Quercetin 3-0-beta-D-glucuronopyranoside (-8.6 kcal/mol) demonstrated strong binding affinities comparable to or higher than standard drugs allopurinol (−5.9 kcal/mol), levofloxacin (−.6.7 kcal/mol), and nifedipine (−5. kcal/mol). used for comparison. The ADMET evaluation shown that the top ligands possess favorable drug-likeness, oral bioavailability, and non-toxicity. The results suggest that Phyllanthus niruri phytochemicals possess promising inhibitory potential against nephrolithiasis targets and may serve as leads for the development of safe, plant-based therapeutics.
Abstract: Nephrolithiasis, which is also known as kidney stone disease, is a regular urological disorder that came with the formation of crystalline deposits within the renal system. It is very significant that the regular and convention procedures for the prevention and treatment of kidney stone diseases including lithotripsy and pharmacotherapy have limita...
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Research Article
Efficacy and Safety of Remimazolam Tosilate Combined with Sufentanil for Outpatient Painless Abortion:
A Randomized, Double-blind, Prospective Trial
Zeng Xu*
,
Peng Jian
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 1, March 2026
Pages:
19-28
Received:
5 April 2026
Accepted:
14 April 2026
Published:
23 April 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.jddmc.20261201.12
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Abstract: Objective: To investigate the anesthetic effect and safety of remimazolam tosilate combined with sufentanil in outpatient painless abortion. Methods: From September 2025 to October 2025, 140 patients aged 18-50 years, body mass index (BMI) 18.5-28kg / m2, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade I-II, who underwent painless abortion in the outpatient department were selected. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: remimazolam tosilate group (group R, n = 70) and control group (group C, n = 70). Sufentanil 0.1 μg / kg was intravenously injected for analgesia pretreatment in both groups before operation. Patients in group R were intravenously injected with 0.2 mg / kg of remimazolam tosilate during anesthesia induction, and patients in group C were intravenously injected with 2 mg / kg of propofol medium and long chain fat emulsion during anesthesia induction. The main observation index was the incidence of respiratory depression. The secondary observation indexes included numerical rating scales (NRS) pain score, onset time, recovery time, Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) stay time, remedial drug use rate and incidence of adverse reactions when entering the anesthesia recovery room. Results: A total of 140 patients were included in the analysis of results. Compared with group C, the incidence of respiratory depression was lower in group R (1.4% vs 15.7%, P = 0.003), and the postoperative recovery time was shorter (P = 0.010), but the use rate of secondary rescue sedatives was higher. There was no significant difference in the onset time, duration of operation, PACU stay time, intraoperative sufentanil dosage, incidence of adverse reactions, and degree of pain in PACU between the two groups. The adverse reactions in group R were mainly manifested as body movement, and the adverse reactions in group C were mainly manifested as procedural hypotension, injection pain and respiratory depression. There was no significant difference in adverse reactions such as dizziness, intraoperative awareness, bradycardia and nausea and vomiting between the two groups. Conclusion: Remimazolam tosilate combined with sufentanil is safe and effective in outpatient painless abortion patients. Its core advantages are low risk of respiratory depression, rapid recovery, stable hemodynamics, and no common injection pain of propofol. It is highly adapted to the efficiency and safety requirements of outpatient diagnosis and treatment, and has important clinical promotion value.
Abstract: Objective: To investigate the anesthetic effect and safety of remimazolam tosilate combined with sufentanil in outpatient painless abortion. Methods: From September 2025 to October 2025, 140 patients aged 18-50 years, body mass index (BMI) 18.5-28kg / m2, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade I-II, who underwent painless abortion in the...
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