Some Features of the Development of AMD and Other Diseases of the Posterior Pole Associated with the Virus Carrier and the Novel Coronavirus Disease COVID-19
Sergey Aleksandrovich Ignatiev,
Igor’ Borisovich Alekseev,
Sergey Petrovich Kazakov,
Yuliya Arkadievna Nam,
Aleksandr Ivanovich Listratov
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 5, September 2021
Pages:
127-137
Received:
16 August 2021
Accepted:
7 September 2021
Published:
27 September 2021
Abstract: This article highlights main aspects of pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and the connection between SARS-CoV-2 and diseases of the posterior pole of the eyes. Background: A novel coronavirus disease COVID-19 is actual nowadays due to its multiple organ damage, including eye tissues. Retina is also a target organ. AMD is the most common cause of central vision loss and its development is connected not only with ageing, but also with some other factors. Last years ophthalmological community considers virus infection to be a predictor and trigger for developing of AMD. Objective: Several theories have been proposed for the development of AMD. The most common theories are vascular due to pathogenetically significant decrease in blood flow in the pool of the carotid arteries; metabolic disorders (systemic and local); oxidative stress in endothelial cells; hereditary predisposition. Inflammation as a pathogenetic mechanism appeared in a novel light of discoveries in developing of not only AMD, but also some other eye diseases. The connection between SARS-CoV-2 and diseases of the posterior pole known nowadays are conjunctivitis, central retinal vein occlusion, isolated inflammatory optic neuritis, acute bilateral demyelinating optic neuritis. Thus, the question is still open. Conclusion: no single theory of the development of AMD can absolutely explain the diversity of pathological changes in of the retina and choroid tissues. Further study of the role of each factor of pathogenesis– from molecular to tissue will allow the development of fundamentally novel and perspective directions of AMD therapy.
Abstract: This article highlights main aspects of pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and the connection between SARS-CoV-2 and diseases of the posterior pole of the eyes. Background: A novel coronavirus disease COVID-19 is actual nowadays due to its multiple organ damage, including eye tissues. Retina is also a target organ. AMD is the mo...
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Morphological Bases of DIC Syndrome in the Liver with Biliary Obstruction
Sadriddinov Asomidin Faizovich,
Sheraliev Kambarali Saidalievich
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 5, September 2021
Pages:
138-142
Received:
16 August 2021
Accepted:
14 September 2021
Published:
12 October 2021
Abstract: Background: The development of disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome (DIC), with liver pathologies, is usually considered a terminal condition caused by a violation of the blood coagulation system. A number of blood coagulation factors are synthesized by the liver, in this regard, the development of DIC syndrome in liver pathology is of particular importance. It is assumed that the DIC syndrome in liver pathology is caused by a violation of the coagulation properties of the blood. At the same time, local lesions of the hematocirculatory bed of the liver, as well as ultrastructural aspects of intravascular blood coagulation, remain unclear. Objective: To study the hematocirculatory bed of the liver and the features of the ultrastructure of platelet thrombi at 20-day experimental cholestasis in experimental white rats. Materials and methods: Experimental cholestasis was created in experimental rats (m=28) by ligation and transection of the common bile duct. The animals were sacrificed in compliance with ethical standards on days 10 and 20 of cholestasis. The liver tissue was examined by histological, corrosive, and electron microscopic methods. Results: Studies have shown that the development of DIC occurs with 20-day cholestasis, when biliary cirrhosis is formed in the liver. Some disorders of hemocirculation are observed at 10 days of cholestasis, in the form of erythrocyte sludge in the vessels of the liver. A pronounced disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome manifests itself at 20 days of cholestasis. Disturbance of circulation is expressed in the interlobular branches of the portal system. Formed thrombi consist mainly of platelets with a minor admixture of erythrocytes and leukocytes. Ultrastructurally, a thrombus appears to be aggregated platelets, the structure of which is without significant changes. The elements of the hyalomer and granulomere are well detected in them. Most contain dense granules, some have undergone degranulation. A distinctive feature of a thrombus is the absence of fibrin filaments in the thrombus. Conclusion: Long-term experimental cholestasis, in some cases, is accompanied by a violation of the anticoagulant properties of the blood and contributes to the development of DIC. The morphological manifestation of which are platelet thrombi that arise in the interlobular veins. The ultrastructural features of these thrombi indicate an increase in the aggregation capacity of platelets, which, in combination with impaired hemostasis, probably contributes to the development of hemorrhage in liver pathology.
Abstract: Background: The development of disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome (DIC), with liver pathologies, is usually considered a terminal condition caused by a violation of the blood coagulation system. A number of blood coagulation factors are synthesized by the liver, in this regard, the development of DIC syndrome in liver pathology is of p...
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Characterization of COVID-19 Patients in an Intensive Care Unit
Alberto Dariel Ramirez Gonzalez,
Mabel Montero Castrillon,
Lazaro Vazquez Vazquez
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 5, September 2021
Pages:
143-151
Received:
21 September 2021
Accepted:
8 October 2021
Published:
15 October 2021
Abstract: At the end of 2019 a new coronavirus caused an epidemic of acute respiratory disease in Wuhan, China. The World Health Organization called this condition "coronavirus disease 2019" and declared it pandemic on 11 March 2020. On that same date the first three COVID-19 cases were diagnosed in Cuba. The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) is the disease severity scoring system most commonly used in ICUs. An observational descriptive prospective cohort study was carried out with the objective of describing the behavior of 20 SARS-CoV-2 positive cases in an intensive care unit. This was realized from March to July 2020 at the Intensive Care Unit of Dr Salvador Allende Clinical Surgical Hospital in Havana, Cuba. The study population was all the patients admitted for positive SARS-CoV-2 (n=20). Mean age was 64.35±15.21 years. Male sex prevailed. Mean hospital stay was 10.05±5.5 days. Mean APACHE II was 16.6±8.9. The prevailing symptoms were fever (55%), coughing (25%) and dyspnea (20%). Mortality of COVID-19 patients was associated to age, a longer stay in the intensive care unit, high APACHE II scores, reduced erythrosedimentation values and lymphocyte count. Hypertension was the most common pathological antecedent.
Abstract: At the end of 2019 a new coronavirus caused an epidemic of acute respiratory disease in Wuhan, China. The World Health Organization called this condition "coronavirus disease 2019" and declared it pandemic on 11 March 2020. On that same date the first three COVID-19 cases were diagnosed in Cuba. The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II...
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Role of Resistin with Endothelium Dysfunction in STEMI and NSTEMI Patients and Its Correlation with Cardiac Markers Troponins
Shazia Rashid,
Javed Anver Qureshi,
Rukhshan Khurshid,
Huma Ashraf,
Saima Rasheed,
Uzma Faryal
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 5, September 2021
Pages:
152-159
Received:
3 August 2021
Accepted:
13 September 2021
Published:
28 October 2021
Abstract: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide comprised with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). A cross sectional study for a period from March 2015 to June 2016 was designed to find out the role of resistin in endothelium dysfunction in STEMI and NSTEMI patients and its correlation with cardiac markers troponins. 100 consented patients with diagnosed STEMI and NSTEMI with age range 40 to 70 years were included in the study. 50 age matched healthy subjects were taken as controls. Base line blood tests fasting blood sugar, blood urea, serum creatinine, serum total cholesterol and serum triglyceride were estimated by auto analyzer using standard kits. Special tests including serum resistin, cardiac troponin T and cardiac troponin I were estimated by the technique of ELISA. Results were analyzed by SPSS 20 and found that the base line parameters except serum creatinine were significantly raised in patients as compare to controls. Level of resistin and cardiac biomarkers cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) were significantly raised in STEMI patients as compared to NSTEMI patients. A significant positive correlation of resistin with cardiac troponin T and I was observed in STEMI patients only. It is therefore concluded that increased level of resistin along with cardiac markers may be presented as a predictor of injury of myocardium and in turn indicate the severity of AMI in STEMI patients.
Abstract: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide comprised with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). A cross sectional study for a period from March 2015 to June 2016 was designed to find out the role of resistin in endothelium dysfunction in STEMI a...
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