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Research Article
Climate Security Risks and Its Impact on Women and Children in the Lake Chad Basin
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, April 2026
Pages:
15-25
Received:
3 November 2025
Accepted:
14 November 2025
Published:
7 April 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijeee.20261102.11
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Abstract: This paper examines the impacts of climate insecurity on women and children in the Lake Chad Basin as well as the regulatory policies and strategies that could help these vulnerable groups to resist and survive climate security risks. While the region contributes but little to greenhouse gas emissions and global warming, Lake Chad Basin has become more exposed to the impacts of environmental changes including climate security risks like erratic rainfall, high temperature, drought, flood, food insecurity, water scarcity, displacement, regional economic and political instabilities. By employing the frameworks of environmental security theory and feminist political ecology theory, this article strives to justify how environmental changes affect community's security and stability especially on women and children. This research draws on secondary sources to expatiate on the adverse impacts of climate insecurity on women and children such as health care, education, social roles and gender dynamics, revenue and livelihood, and psychology effects. In the same vein, case studies and evidences substantiate these impacts alongside a comparative analysis. This study further recommends both interventional and adaptive strategies to address climate security and improve the support for women and children in the Lake Chad Basin, while reinstating the roles of the local and international organizations in protecting women and children from climate induced risks.
Abstract: This paper examines the impacts of climate insecurity on women and children in the Lake Chad Basin as well as the regulatory policies and strategies that could help these vulnerable groups to resist and survive climate security risks. While the region contributes but little to greenhouse gas emissions and global warming, Lake Chad Basin has become ...
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Research Article
Vertical Legal Borrowing and Environmental Governance: Bridging Institutional Gaps for Climate Intervention and Natural Resource Management in Developing Countries
Princess Nice David*
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, April 2026
Pages:
26-31
Received:
30 October 2025
Accepted:
12 November 2025
Published:
13 April 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijeee.20261102.12
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Abstract: Climate change has compelled both developed and developing countries to seek innovative regulatory responses to environmental degradation and carbon emissions. While international environmental law provides broad normative guidance, it lacks precise instruments for the governance of emergent climate-intervention technologies such as carbon-dioxide removal (CDR) and solar-radiation management (SRM). In this context, domestic legal systems increasingly serve as experimental laboratories for designing governance approaches that may later diffuse to the international plane. This paper explores vertical legal borrowing the process by which national or sub-national legal innovations inform international environmental law and assesses its potential to bridge governance gaps in developing countries, particularly in Nigeria. Using qualitative doctrinal and comparative methods, the article examines constitutional, statutory, and judicial frameworks regulating environmental protection and natural-resource management, comparing them with examples from the Netherlands, Brazil, India, and the United States. It hypothesizes that vertical legal borrowing enhances environmental governance effectiveness in developing countries by fostering reciprocal learning between domestic and international legal systems. The study concludes that developing countries can move from norm-takers to norm-shapers by translating domestic experiences into the evolving international architecture of sustainable environmental governance.
Abstract: Climate change has compelled both developed and developing countries to seek innovative regulatory responses to environmental degradation and carbon emissions. While international environmental law provides broad normative guidance, it lacks precise instruments for the governance of emergent climate-intervention technologies such as carbon-dioxide ...
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Research Article
Kinetic Study of Methane Hydrate Formation by
a Small-Molecule Peptide (Glutathione) and Its Complex System
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, April 2026
Pages:
32-45
Received:
12 March 2026
Accepted:
24 March 2026
Published:
14 April 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijeee.20261102.13
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Abstract: The gas hydrate method for natural gas storage and transportation faces two major challenges: prolonged induction time and slow formation rate, which significantly limit its industrial application. Numerous chemical additives have been employed to improve hydrate formation kinetics. Among these, glutathione (GSH), a green, safe, and non-toxic small-molecule peptide, demonstrates significant potential for promoting methane hydrate formation. This study investigates the effects of varying GSH concentrations on hydrate nucleation induction time and gas storage capacity. The results reveal a dual-effect promotion mechanism dependent on concentration: low concentrations inhibit nucleation, while high concentrations promote it. Furthermore, by introducing amino acids to construct synergistic systems, a synergistic enhancement based on hydrophobic interactions between hydrophobic amino acids (particularly methionine) and GSH was discovered, significantly increasing gas storage capacity and shortening induction time. Subsequent investigations into composite systems combining thermodynamic promoters with GSH revealed that while co-incorporation with TBAB extended nucleation time, it guided the formation of highly porous hydrate structures. This significantly improved mass transfer, substantially increasing gas storage capacity. In simulated seawater environments, the "salting-out effect" at low salinity (1 wt%) enhanced GSH hydrophobic aggregation. This caused TBA+ ions to arrange more densely at the interface, increasing its order and accelerating nucleation. This study provides theoretical foundations and practical pathways for designing and applying green, efficient hydrate promoters.
Abstract: The gas hydrate method for natural gas storage and transportation faces two major challenges: prolonged induction time and slow formation rate, which significantly limit its industrial application. Numerous chemical additives have been employed to improve hydrate formation kinetics. Among these, glutathione (GSH), a green, safe, and non-toxic small...
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