Research Article
Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Senegal: Initial Experience from a Tertiary Cardiovascular Center
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 1, February 2026
Pages:
1-8
Received:
23 November 2025
Accepted:
26 December 2025
Published:
20 January 2026
Abstract: Background: Off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) is a surgical alternative to conventional coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), offering early benefits in terms of reduced morbidity and faster recovery. However, its use remains limited in sub-Saharan Africa due to insufficient access to technical equipment, despite its lower overall cost compared to on-pump surgery. Objective: To assess the feasibility and immediate outcomes of OPCAB surgery in a resource-limited African setting. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on four consecutive patients with symptomatic triple-vessel coronary artery disease who underwent OPCAB between January and November 2025. Median sternotomy, Maquet® stabilizers, intraluminal coronary shunts, and arterial and venous grafts were used. Perioperative and short-term postoperative outcomes were analyzed. Results: The mean patient age was 54.8 years. Comorbidities included hypertension (100%), type 2 diabetes (75%), and dyslipidemia (100%). Eleven distal anastomoses were performed, averaging 2.75 per patient. No conversion to cardiopulmonary bypass was required. One patient experienced a non-fatal myocardial infarction postoperatively; others had uneventful recoveries. All patients were discharged after an average hospital stay of 9 days and remained asymptomatic at 2-month follow-up. Conclusion: OPCAB surgery is feasible and safe in a sub-Saharan African tertiary center, even in a high-risk population. This technique offers promise as a cost-effective alternative to on-pump bypass in low-resource environments, pending appropriate training and basic surgical infrastructure.
Abstract: Background: Off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) is a surgical alternative to conventional coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), offering early benefits in terms of reduced morbidity and faster recovery. However, its use remains limited in sub-Saharan Africa due to insufficient access to technical equipment, ...
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Research Article
Cardiac Injuries: Experience with Six Cases at Fann National University Hospital
Papa Amath Diagne*
,
Jean Claude Ndiougou Dione,
Amadou Dioulde Diallo,
Moussa Seck Diop,
Moussa Mareme Samba,
Cheikh Abdou Khadr Faye,
Anta Mbaye Sall,
Papa Ousmane Ba,
Momar Sokhna Diop,
Souleymane Diatta,
Papa Salmane Ba,
Amadou Gabriel Ciss
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 1, February 2026
Pages:
9-13
Received:
23 November 2025
Accepted:
12 December 2025
Published:
20 January 2026
Abstract: Cardiac injuries correspond to a disruption of the continuity of the cardiac layers caused by a penetrating mechanism, with or without loss of tissue; they are considered penetrating when they extend beyond the parietal pericardium. These lesions most frequently occur following penetrating chest trauma but may also complicate blunt trauma through myocardial contusion, occasionally leading to tears, ruptures of the cardiac walls, or valvular damage. Penetrating cardiac trauma represents one of the most severe forms of thoracic injury, with high mortality despite specialized management. We report a retrospective, descriptive, and analytical study conducted over a ten-year period (2014–2024) in the Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Department of Fann University Hospital in Senegal, including all patients operated on for cardiac or great vessel injuries. Six cases were identified, with a male predominance (sex ratio 5:1) and a mean age of 22 years. Most injuries resulted from interpersonal violence and assaults. Four patients presented with hemodynamic instability on admission, including two with cardiac tamponade. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed in five patients, chest radiography and CT scanning were used in two cases. All patients underwent median sternotomy. The right ventricle was the most frequently affected structure (66%), requiring cardiomyorraphy. Postoperative outcomes were uneventful in four patients, whereas one case of seizures and one septic shock were reported. Overall mortality was 33.3%. Cardiac injuries remain rare but severe events, predominantly affecting young individuals; their diagnosis relies primarily on clinical evaluation supported by echocardiography, and their management is surgical, usually without extracorporeal circulation, with a prognosis still marked by significant mortality. Our objective is to describe the experience in the surgical management of six cases of cardiac injuries treated at Fann National University Hospital over a ten-year period.
Abstract: Cardiac injuries correspond to a disruption of the continuity of the cardiac layers caused by a penetrating mechanism, with or without loss of tissue; they are considered penetrating when they extend beyond the parietal pericardium. These lesions most frequently occur following penetrating chest trauma but may also complicate blunt trauma through m...
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Research Article
Oxidative Stress and Lipid Peroxidation in Experimental Myocardial Infarction: Biochemical Evaluation in Cardiac and Hepatic Tissue
Baykulov Azim Kenjayevich*
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 1, February 2026
Pages:
14-17
Received:
22 September 2025
Accepted:
4 October 2025
Published:
2 February 2026
Abstract: Introduction: Myocardial infarction (MI) remains one of the most common and life-threatening cardiovascular diseases worldwide. Experimental models of MI are essential for understanding its pathophysiology and evaluating therapeutic interventions. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense during experimental MI in rats. Methods: MI was induced in adult male rats by ligation of the left coronary artery. On the third day after MI, cardiac and liver tissues were collected. Heart and liver homogenates, as well as mitochondrial (MF) and microsomal (MSF) fractions of the liver, were analyzed for malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Results: Compared with the control group, MDA concentration increased fivefold in cardiac homogenates and 6.1-fold in liver MF, while MSF showed the most pronounced increase (28.2-fold). SOD activity was significantly reduced: by 31.5% in MF and by 73.1% in MF. Conclusion: Experimental MI induces pronounced oxidative stress, characterized by excessive lipid peroxidation and suppression of antioxidant defenses. This model represents a valuable tool for investigating cardioprotective strategies and antioxidant therapy.
Abstract: Introduction: Myocardial infarction (MI) remains one of the most common and life-threatening cardiovascular diseases worldwide. Experimental models of MI are essential for understanding its pathophysiology and evaluating therapeutic interventions. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense during exp...
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Research Article
Complete Atriculoventricular Block Following Valve Surgery Under Extracorporeal Circulation in Adults: Incidence and Risk Factors
Elhadji Boubacar Ba*,
Papa Ibrahima Ndiaye,
Bathie Massamba Fall,
Cheikh Fall,
Etienne Birane Sene,
Ulimata Diop,
Marie Victoire Sene,
Oumar Kane
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 1, February 2026
Pages:
18-21
Received:
12 January 2026
Accepted:
21 January 2026
Published:
11 February 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijcts.20261201.14
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Abstract: This single-center retrospective study conducted in Senegal in 2023 aimed to determine the incidence and risk factors of complete atrioventricular block (CAVB) following valve surgery under extracorporeal circulation in adults. Among the 51 included patients, the incidence of postoperative CAVB was high, reaching 19.6%. The study population was young (mean age 36.4 years) and predominantly female, presenting mainly with rheumatic valvulopathies. No statistically significant risk factors were identified, although a trend was observed for prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic cross-clamp times in patients with CAVB. The majority of blocks (90%) proved to be reversible, recovering either spontaneously or with corticosteroid therapy. Only one patient (10% of CAVB cases) required permanent pacemaker implantation. No deaths were reported. This complication is frequent in this Senegalese context but often transient. The absence of classic risk factors highlights the need for prospective multicenter studies to better identify predictive factors and standardize management protocols in this specific context.
Abstract: This single-center retrospective study conducted in Senegal in 2023 aimed to determine the incidence and risk factors of complete atrioventricular block (CAVB) following valve surgery under extracorporeal circulation in adults. Among the 51 included patients, the incidence of postoperative CAVB was high, reaching 19.6%. The study population was you...
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