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COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy Model: The Impact of Vaccine Education on Controlling the Outbreak
Bismark Oduro,
Attou Miloua,
Ofosuhene Okofrobour Apenteng,
Prince Peprah Osei
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
81-91
Received:
18 September 2021
Accepted:
20 October 2021
Published:
29 November 2021
Abstract: The coronavirus outbreak continues to pose a significant challenge to human lives globally. Many efforts have been made to develop vaccines to control the spread of this virus. However, with the arrival of the COVID-19 vaccine, there is hesitancy and a mixed reaction toward getting the vaccine. Public education on COVID-19 immunization is essential to vaccinate a large proportion of the population. In this study, we demonstrate the usefulness of public education on the COVID-19 vaccine and its effects in containing the spread of the disease. In particular, we use a compartmental model with vaccine education to study the dynamics of the COVID-19 infection. We classify the total population into two subgroups: Those willing to accept the vaccine and those unwilling to receive the vaccine. We incorporate vaccine education for the general public hesitant to get the vaccine. We then analyze and investigate the impacts of education on individuals reluctant to get vaccinated. The findings indicate that vaccine education can substantially minimize the daily cumulative cases and deaths of COVID-19. The results also show that vaccine education significantly increases the number of willing susceptible individuals, and with a high vaccination rate and vaccine effectiveness, the outbreak can be controlled. Based on the findings, we recommend that eligible individuals acquire the vaccine to help curb the COVID-19 outbreak by slowing the spread of the virus.
Abstract: The coronavirus outbreak continues to pose a significant challenge to human lives globally. Many efforts have been made to develop vaccines to control the spread of this virus. However, with the arrival of the COVID-19 vaccine, there is hesitancy and a mixed reaction toward getting the vaccine. Public education on COVID-19 immunization is essential...
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Orthogonal Array-Based Latin Hypercube Designs for Computer Experiments
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
92-100
Received:
24 October 2021
Accepted:
9 November 2021
Published:
24 December 2021
Abstract: Orthogonal Array-based Latin Hypercube Designs (OALHDs) have not only become popular in practice among strategies used in the development of computer experiments but also useful whenever interest is focused on performing some physical experiments. Design construction for computer experiments is a new issue in this part of the world since it is more about experimental planning rather than modelling aspect in which some progress has been made. The Bush Construction Type II method was presented in this paper to construct a strong Orthogonal Array (OA) of strength three, using Galois Fields (GF) of order s which gave rise to the constructed Orthogonal Array-Based Latin Hypercube Designs (OALHD) for computer experiments. Orthogonal Array-based Latin Hypercube Design was used in this paper as a Latin hypercube design constructed based on orthogonal array in order to achieve better space-filling properties that would otherwise not be possessed by a random Latin hypercube design (LHD). Orthogonal Array (N, k) LHD were constructed at parameter values of OA (N, k)=(64, 6) and (125, 7). This study is an improvement on the early paper which adopted the Bush Construction Type I technique and it therefore aimed at proposing a novel approach that employed the maximin criterion in the k-Nearest Neighbour with Euclidean distance for constructing strong orthogonal arrays along with the Orthogonal Array-Based Latin Hypercube Designs (OALHDs). The OA (64, 6) LHD and OA (125, 7) LHD constructed have better space-filling properties and they achieve uniformity in each dimension. This study concludes that the constructed OALHDs can be used whenever interest is focused on performing either a conventional or computer experiment on real life situations. A program implementation for the construction of OALHDs was done using MATLAB 2016 computer package.
Abstract: Orthogonal Array-based Latin Hypercube Designs (OALHDs) have not only become popular in practice among strategies used in the development of computer experiments but also useful whenever interest is focused on performing some physical experiments. Design construction for computer experiments is a new issue in this part of the world since it is more...
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Novel Method for Solving Balance and Unbalance Assignment Problem Using New Approach for Ant Colony Algorithm
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
101-106
Received:
11 October 2021
Accepted:
4 November 2021
Published:
24 December 2021
Abstract: Assignment Problem (AP) is the fundamental application of TP studied in the area of Operations research. The AP is also an essential problem in the field of optimization, where the goal is to optimize production time or cost by allocating one task to one machine, one machine to one job, one destination to one source, or one source to one destination. Various solutions for resolving the assignment problem have been offered in the literature. Excellent response to task problems is obtained using the Hungarian technique. In this study, however, we are discussing a novel alternative strategy that is the almost best performance. Here, we are looking at another technique to resolve algorithm and solution steps AP. In addition, we present an innovative alternative strategy that provides the best performance of APs by utilizing a modified ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm. A few revisions to the ant colony algorithm (Transition Rule and Pheromone Update Rule) are created, resulting in a solution that is extremely close to the ideal solution. This method is also to be noticed that, requires the least number of steps to reach optimality as compare the obtained results with other well-known meta-heuristic algorithms. Finally, a numerical example is provided to demonstrate this procedure.
Abstract: Assignment Problem (AP) is the fundamental application of TP studied in the area of Operations research. The AP is also an essential problem in the field of optimization, where the goal is to optimize production time or cost by allocating one task to one machine, one machine to one job, one destination to one source, or one source to one destinatio...
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Inequity in Education: Three-factor and Longitudinal Analysis
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
107-116
Received:
10 April 2021
Accepted:
27 July 2021
Published:
24 December 2021
Abstract: This study was conducted to find a more equitable education system for all students regardless of ethnicity, social status, gender, or even problems arising as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic. The effects of major factors that played a critical role on indicators of equity in education were analyzed. A data set from World Inequity Database on Education (WIDE) was used to gather information to estimate the inequity gap for different indicators and countries. The upper secondary completion rate was selected within this database to explore inequity in worldwide education and several stacked bar plots were drawn to describe the differences among demographics and incomes of countries. The learning achievement in reading(upper secondary) was chosen to explore inequity in education in Canada. A three-factor analysis model was built to study the effects of gender, location, wealth, and their interaction on learning achievement in reading. After model selection and model diagnosis, an additive model was chosen as the final model and it proved that there resided significant main effects. Also, a longitudinal model was built to explore whether observations of learning achievement in reading varied among the different years with four different levels as covariate variables. Three models related to repeated measures design were built, and the final model was chosen based on the AIC value. As a result, it provided a clear indication that the government should take responsibility and well-needed actions to eliminate inequity in education for many disparities that exist within comparisons between groups. Examples are: gender, rural or urban areas, and the social status of families.
Abstract: This study was conducted to find a more equitable education system for all students regardless of ethnicity, social status, gender, or even problems arising as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic. The effects of major factors that played a critical role on indicators of equity in education were analyzed. A data set from World Inequity Database on Edu...
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