Review Article
Extraction, Chemical Analysis, and Therapeutic Potential of D-Limonene from Citrus Peels: A Comprehensive Review
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, June 2026
Pages:
63-72
Received:
25 January 2026
Accepted:
6 February 2026
Published:
12 May 2026
Abstract: Essential oils are complex mixtures of volatile compounds obtained from plants where they serve aromatic purposes, and defensive roles. They have been used for centuries in medicine, industry, and agriculture due to their broad spectrum of biological activity. Exhibiting antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant antimicrobial, and smooth muscle relaxant properties. Essential oils have been important substances the most common component is D-Limonene or 4-isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene (C10H16) is a monocyclic monoterpene abundant in citrus plants like orange, and grape. It used for a flavor and fragrance additive in perfumes, soaps, foods, and beverages is consistently increased due to its high-quality fragrance property, other uses and important were treated in this study indicates that the compound is neither mutagenic nor carcinogenic in humans, maintaining a low toxicity limit even with protracted administration over several years. the effects of D-limonene such as antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, gastroprotective and acid reflux due to its gastric acid-neutralizing properties, Botanical Pesticide and Vermin Control, Oil Spill Correction and The ability to dissolve expanded polystyrene (EPS). This paper provides an overview of the properties of essential oils. D-Limonene is a bioactive compound of high economic and medicinal value. its Environmental Benefit D-Limonene has high biodegradability and lower Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) emissions compared to traditional solvents The study opening opportunities for its use in food by proved the efficiency of its extraction from fruit waste, pharmaceutical, and environmentally friendly pesticide industries D-limonene does not endure in the soil or contaminate groundwater.
Abstract: Essential oils are complex mixtures of volatile compounds obtained from plants where they serve aromatic purposes, and defensive roles. They have been used for centuries in medicine, industry, and agriculture due to their broad spectrum of biological activity. Exhibiting antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant antimicrobial, and smooth muscle rela...
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Research Article
Examination of Excess Thermodynamic Properties Catalysed by Aromatic Hydrocarbons for the Binary Liquid Systems at 298.15K
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, June 2026
Pages:
73-90
Received:
8 May 2026
Accepted:
18 May 2026
Published:
15 June 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.sdc.20260102.12
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Abstract: In this study, the thermo-acoustical and physicochemical behavior of a binary liquid mixture was investigated over the entire concentration range at 298.15K. Utilizing experimentally measured data of density (ρ) viscosity (η) and ultrasonic velocity (u), primary physical properties were computed, including the intermolecular free length (Lf), surface tension (S), acoustic impedance (Z), and relaxation time (τ). To gain deeper insights into the structural arrangements and the nature of molecular interactions within the mixture, the corresponding excess parameters excess surface tension (SE), excess acoustical impedance (ZE), excessrelaxation time (τE) and excess intermolecular free length (LfE) were derived. The variations of these excess properties as a function of mixture composition were analyzed and fitted using the Redlich–Kister polynomial equation. The trends observed in these excess parameters offer direct evidence regarding the strength and nature of the molecular packing and hetero-molecular interactions present within the system. These results contribute valuable empirical profiles required for validating fluid theories and optimizing chemical processing models. The sign and magnitude of the calculated excess values reveal the existence of weak interactions between the component molecules, providing vital thermodynamic data for industrial and process engineering applications. The variation of physical properties such as surface tension (S), intermolecular free length (Lf), relaxation time (τ) and acoustic impedance (Z) with mixture composition confirms the presence of molecular interactions among the constituent components. Furthermore, the positive deviations observed across all corresponding excess parameters (SE), (ZE), (LfE) and (τE) indicate weak-to-moderate interactions within these systems, dominated primarily by π–π and solute-solvent interaction
Abstract: In this study, the thermo-acoustical and physicochemical behavior of a binary liquid mixture was investigated over the entire concentration range at 298.15K. Utilizing experimentally measured data of density (ρ) viscosity (η) and ultrasonic velocity (u), primary physical properties were computed, including the intermolecular free length (Lf), surfa...
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,
Adil Ali Mohammed Alhussein
